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SOFTWAREENGINEERING
Assignment
PREPARED By: Hamna Shahzad
SOFTWAREENGINEERING
DATAFLOW DIAGRAN
DFD
graphical representation of the "flow" of data
through an information system, modeling its
process aspects.
used as a preliminary step to create an overview of
the system, which can later be elaborated.
also be used for the visualization of structured
design.
shows what kind of information will be input to and
output from the system.
DATAFLOWDIAGRAM(DFD)
 where the data will come from and go to.
 where the data will be stored.
 It does not show information about the timing of process or
information about whether processes will operate in sequence
or in parallel.
 also known as “bubble charts”.
 Drawn by the “Mac Draw”
 It show flow of data.
CONT…
Top-Down Approach
The system designer makes "a context level DFD" or Level 0, which
shows the data flows between "the system" (represented by one process)
and "the system environment" (represented by terminator).
 system is decomposed in lower-level DFD into a set of processes,
data stores, and the data flows between these processes and data
stores".
 Each process is then decomposed into an "even-lower-level diagram
containing its sub processes".
 virtually designable diagram that technically or diagrammatically
describes the inflow and outflow of data or information that is
provided by the external entity.
DEVELOPINGA DATA-FLOWDIAGRAM
Event Partitioning Approach:
The list of all events is made.
For each event a process is constructed.
Each process is linked (with incoming data flows) directly with
other processes or via data stores, so that it has enough
information to respond to a given event.
The reaction of each process to a given event is modeled by an
outgoing data flow. (newton 3rd law)
DEVELOPINGA DATA-FLOWDIAGRAM
 Process Notations.
A process transforms incoming data flow into
outgoing data flow.
 Data store Notations.
Data stores are repositories of data in the system.
They are sometimes also referred to as files.
DATA FLOWDIAGRAMSNOTATIONS
 Dataflow Notations.
Data flows are pipelines through which packets
of information flow. Label the arrows with
the name of the data that moves through it.
 External Entity Notations. External entities are objects outside the
system, with which the system communicates. External entities are
sources and destinations of the system's inputs and outputs.
DATA FLOWDIAGRAMSNOTATIONS
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE: BUS GARAGECONTEXT
DIAGRAM
Bus
Mechanic
Helper Bus
Repair
Process
System
Supervisor
Accounting
Mechanical
problem
to be repaired
Labor
Labor
Fixed
mechanical
problems
Inventory
Management
System
Repair
summary
List of
parts used
Labor,
parts cost
details
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
SD
 A Sequence diagram in Unified Modeling Language is an
interaction diagram that shows how objects operate with one
another and in what order. It is a construct of a message
sequence chart.
 A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in
time sequence.
 A sequence diagram is a good way to visualize and validate
various runtime scenarios.
 Sequence diagrams are sometimes called “Event-trace
diagrams”, “event scenarios”, and “timing diagrams”.
SEQUENCEDIAGRAM
 Class Roles or Participants:
Class roles describe the way an object will behave in context. Use the
UML object symbol to illustrate class roles, but don't list object
attributes.
 Activation or Execution Occurrence:
Activation boxes represent the time an object
needs to complete a task. When an object is
busy executing a process or waiting for a reply
message, use a thin gray rectangle placed vertically on
BASICSEQUENCEDIAGRAMSYMBOLS
ANDNOTATIONS
 Messages:
Messages are arrows that represent
communication between objects. Use
half-arrowed lines to represent asynchronous
messages. Asynchronous messages are sent
from an object that will not wait for a
response from the receiver before continuing
its tasks.
BASICSEQUENCEDIAGRAMSYMBOLS
ANDNOTATIONS
 Lifelines:
Lifelines are vertical dashed lines that indicate the object's presence
over time.
BASICSEQUENCEDIAGRAMSYMBOLS
ANDNOTATIONS
EXAMPLE
 It Show the functionality of the
system.
 It focus on flow of data.
 Describe the path of data from
external and internal source.
 Does not show iterations
explicitly.
 Sequence is a behavioural
modelling diagram.
 Sequence diagrams indicates the
sequence of flow of data.
 Sequence diagram not show the
complex logics.
 Show iterations explicitly.
DFD SD
DIFFERENCE B/WDFD ANDSD
 Synchronous Message
A synchronous message requires a response before the interaction can
continue. It's usually drawn using a line with a solid arrowhead pointing
from one object to another.
 Asynchronous Message
Asynchronous messages don't need a reply for interaction to continue.
Like synchronous messages, they are drawn with an arrow connecting
two lifelines; however, the arrowhead is usually open and there's no
return message depicted.
TYPESOF MESSAGESIN SEQUENCE
DIAGRAMS
 Reply or Return Message
A reply message is drawn with a dotted line and an open arrowhead
pointing back to the original lifeline.
 Self Message
A message an object sends to itself, usually shown as a U shaped arrow
pointing back to itself.
TYPESOF MESSAGESIN SEQUENCE
DIAGRAMS
 Create Message
This is a message that creates a new object.
Similar to a return message, it's depicted with
a dashed line and an open arrowhead that points
to the rectangle representing the object created.
 Delete Message
This is a message that destroys an object. It can be shown by an arrow
with an x at the end.
TYPESOF MESSAGESIN SEQUENCE
DIAGRAMS
 Found Message
A message sent from an unknown recipient, shown by an arrow from an
endpoint to a lifeline.
 Lost Message
A message sent to an unknown recipient. It's shown by an arrow going
from a lifeline to an endpoint, a filled circle or an x.
TYPESOF MESSAGESIN SEQUENCE
DIAGRAMS
THANK YOU
For Listening

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Data Flow Diagram and Sequence Diagram

  • 2. PREPARED By: Hamna Shahzad SOFTWAREENGINEERING
  • 4. graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system, modeling its process aspects. used as a preliminary step to create an overview of the system, which can later be elaborated. also be used for the visualization of structured design. shows what kind of information will be input to and output from the system. DATAFLOWDIAGRAM(DFD)
  • 5.  where the data will come from and go to.  where the data will be stored.  It does not show information about the timing of process or information about whether processes will operate in sequence or in parallel.  also known as “bubble charts”.  Drawn by the “Mac Draw”  It show flow of data. CONT…
  • 6. Top-Down Approach The system designer makes "a context level DFD" or Level 0, which shows the data flows between "the system" (represented by one process) and "the system environment" (represented by terminator).  system is decomposed in lower-level DFD into a set of processes, data stores, and the data flows between these processes and data stores".  Each process is then decomposed into an "even-lower-level diagram containing its sub processes".  virtually designable diagram that technically or diagrammatically describes the inflow and outflow of data or information that is provided by the external entity. DEVELOPINGA DATA-FLOWDIAGRAM
  • 7. Event Partitioning Approach: The list of all events is made. For each event a process is constructed. Each process is linked (with incoming data flows) directly with other processes or via data stores, so that it has enough information to respond to a given event. The reaction of each process to a given event is modeled by an outgoing data flow. (newton 3rd law) DEVELOPINGA DATA-FLOWDIAGRAM
  • 8.  Process Notations. A process transforms incoming data flow into outgoing data flow.  Data store Notations. Data stores are repositories of data in the system. They are sometimes also referred to as files. DATA FLOWDIAGRAMSNOTATIONS
  • 9.  Dataflow Notations. Data flows are pipelines through which packets of information flow. Label the arrows with the name of the data that moves through it.  External Entity Notations. External entities are objects outside the system, with which the system communicates. External entities are sources and destinations of the system's inputs and outputs. DATA FLOWDIAGRAMSNOTATIONS
  • 11. EXAMPLE: BUS GARAGECONTEXT DIAGRAM Bus Mechanic Helper Bus Repair Process System Supervisor Accounting Mechanical problem to be repaired Labor Labor Fixed mechanical problems Inventory Management System Repair summary List of parts used Labor, parts cost details
  • 13.  A Sequence diagram in Unified Modeling Language is an interaction diagram that shows how objects operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct of a message sequence chart.  A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence.  A sequence diagram is a good way to visualize and validate various runtime scenarios.  Sequence diagrams are sometimes called “Event-trace diagrams”, “event scenarios”, and “timing diagrams”. SEQUENCEDIAGRAM
  • 14.  Class Roles or Participants: Class roles describe the way an object will behave in context. Use the UML object symbol to illustrate class roles, but don't list object attributes.  Activation or Execution Occurrence: Activation boxes represent the time an object needs to complete a task. When an object is busy executing a process or waiting for a reply message, use a thin gray rectangle placed vertically on BASICSEQUENCEDIAGRAMSYMBOLS ANDNOTATIONS
  • 15.  Messages: Messages are arrows that represent communication between objects. Use half-arrowed lines to represent asynchronous messages. Asynchronous messages are sent from an object that will not wait for a response from the receiver before continuing its tasks. BASICSEQUENCEDIAGRAMSYMBOLS ANDNOTATIONS
  • 16.  Lifelines: Lifelines are vertical dashed lines that indicate the object's presence over time. BASICSEQUENCEDIAGRAMSYMBOLS ANDNOTATIONS
  • 18.  It Show the functionality of the system.  It focus on flow of data.  Describe the path of data from external and internal source.  Does not show iterations explicitly.  Sequence is a behavioural modelling diagram.  Sequence diagrams indicates the sequence of flow of data.  Sequence diagram not show the complex logics.  Show iterations explicitly. DFD SD DIFFERENCE B/WDFD ANDSD
  • 19.  Synchronous Message A synchronous message requires a response before the interaction can continue. It's usually drawn using a line with a solid arrowhead pointing from one object to another.  Asynchronous Message Asynchronous messages don't need a reply for interaction to continue. Like synchronous messages, they are drawn with an arrow connecting two lifelines; however, the arrowhead is usually open and there's no return message depicted. TYPESOF MESSAGESIN SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS
  • 20.  Reply or Return Message A reply message is drawn with a dotted line and an open arrowhead pointing back to the original lifeline.  Self Message A message an object sends to itself, usually shown as a U shaped arrow pointing back to itself. TYPESOF MESSAGESIN SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS
  • 21.  Create Message This is a message that creates a new object. Similar to a return message, it's depicted with a dashed line and an open arrowhead that points to the rectangle representing the object created.  Delete Message This is a message that destroys an object. It can be shown by an arrow with an x at the end. TYPESOF MESSAGESIN SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS
  • 22.  Found Message A message sent from an unknown recipient, shown by an arrow from an endpoint to a lifeline.  Lost Message A message sent to an unknown recipient. It's shown by an arrow going from a lifeline to an endpoint, a filled circle or an x. TYPESOF MESSAGESIN SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS