Research tools in action research
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The document outlines various research instruments and methodologies used in action research, such as case studies, checklists, interviews, observations, and surveys. It describes how these tools facilitate data collection and analysis, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques for deeper insights. Additionally, it provides examples of interview types and online survey tools for effective data gathering.
Research tools in action research
- 1. Tools in Action Research Dr. Hina Jalal (@AksEAina) hinansari23@gmail.com Dr. HJ(@AksEAina), hinansari23@gmail.com
- 2. Tools Observation Self-Report Rating Scale Anecdotal Records Peer Appraisal Check List Dr. HJ(hinansari23@gmail.com/@AksEAina) A research instrument can include interviews, tests, surveys, or checklists. The Research Instrument is usually determined by researcher and is tied to the study methodology. This document offers some examples of research instruments and study methods.
- 3. Case Studies A case study is usually an in-depth description of a process, experience, or structure at a single institution. In order to answer a combination of ‘what’ and ‘why’ questions, case studies generally involve a mix of quantitative (i.e., surveys, usage statistics, etc.) and qualitative (i.e., interviews, focus groups, extant document analysis, etc.) data collection techniques. Most often, the researcher will analyze quantitative data first and then use qualitative strategies to look deeper into the meaning of the trends identified in the numerical data. Dr. HJ(hinansari23@gmail.com/@AksEAina)
- 4. Checklists Checklists structure a person’s observation or evaluation of a performance or artifact. They can be simple lists of criteria that can be marked as present or absent, or can provide space for observer comments. These tools can provide consistency over time or between observers. Checklists can be used for evaluating databases, virtual IM service, the use of library space, or for structuring peer observations of instruction sessions. Dr. HJ(hinansari23@gmail.com/@AksEAina)
- 5. Interviews In-Depth Interviews include both individual interviews (e.g., one-on-one) as well as “group” interviews (including focus groups). The data can be recorded in a wide variety of ways including stenography, audio recording, video recording or written notes. In depth interviews differ from direct observation primarily in the nature of the interaction. In interviews it is assumed that there is a questioner and one or more interviewees. The purpose of the interview is to probe the ideas of the interviewees about the phenomenon of interest. Dr. HJ(hinansari23@gmail.com/@AksEAina)
- 6. Types of Interviews A structured interview (Formal interview or guided interview): Unstructured interview (Informal interview or conversational interview) Group interview: Panel interview (Committee Interview): Individual or One-to-one interview (Personal interview): Depth interview (In-depth interview): Dr. HJ(hinansari23@gmail.com/@AksEAina)
- 7. Observation Sometimes, the best way to collect data through observation. This can be done directly or indirectly with the subject knowing or unaware that you are observing them. You may choose to collect data through continuous observation or via set time periods depending on your project. You may interpret data you gather using the following mechanisms: Descriptive observations: you simply write down what you observe Inferential observations: you may write down an observation that is inferred by the subject’s body language and behavior. Evaluativ observation: You may make an inference and therefore a judgment from the behavior. Make sure you can replicate these findings. Dr. HJ(hinansari23@gmail.com/@AksEAina)
- 8. OBSERVATION TypesComplete Observer Observer as Participant Participant as Observer Complete Participant Subjective and Objective Structured and Un structured observation Natural and Artificial Observation Participant and Non-participant observation Dr. HJ(hinansari23@gmail.com/@AksEAina)
- 9. Surveys or Questionnaires Surveys or questionnaires are instruments used for collecting data in survey research. They usually include a set of standardized questions that explore a specific topic and collect information about demographics, opinions, attitudes, or behaviors. Three popular programs that allow you to create online surveys are Google Forms, Survey Monkey, and Poll Everywhere. A great (low-cost) tool for reference statistics is Gimlet. Dr. HJ(hinansari23@gmail.com/@AksEAina)
- 11. Dr. Hina Jalal (Ph.D. Education) (hinansari23@gmail.com/ @AksEAina)