C++ programming basics
- 1. C++ Programming Basics Chapter 2: Ms. Munazza Mah Jabeen Assistant Professor of Computer Science
- 2. Basic Program Construction: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << “Every age has a language of its ownn”; return 0; }
- 3. Basic Program Construction: • Directives • Preprocessor Directives • Header Files • Include Two Ways: • #include< > • #include “ ” • The using Directive • Namespaces • Always Start with main() • Functions • Function Name • Braces and the Function Body • Program Statements • Whitespace • String Constants • Statement Terminator • Comments • // • /* … */
- 4. Input / Output Statements: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int ftemp; //for temperature in Fahrenheit cout << “Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: “; cin >> ftemp; int ctemp = (ftemp-32) * 5 / 9; cout << “Equivalent in Celsius is: “ << ctemp << ‘n’; return 0; }
- 5. Language Basics: Data Types • Numeric • Non-floating point • Short • Integer • Long • Floating –Point • Float • Double • Non-Numeric • Character • String • Boolean
- 6. Language Basics: • Data Type: • Conversion • Casting • Declarations • Definitions • Variable Names • Initialization • Assignment Statements • Variables Defined at Point of Use • The const Qualifier • The #define Directive #include <iostream> using namespace std; #define PI 3.142 main() { // const float PI = 3.142; float radius=0.0, area=0.0; cout << "Enter Radius of the Circle == > "; cin >> radius; area = PI * radius * radius ; cout << " Radius of Circle is " << radius << " Area of the Circle is " << area << endl; }
- 7. #include<iomanip> #include<iostream> using namespace std; main() { cout << "Lahore" << setw(20) << setfill('.') << "500 Km"<<endl; } IOMANIP: • The IOMANIP Header File • The endl Manipulator • The setw() Manipulator • The setfill() Manipulator
- 9. Operators: • Arithmetic Operators ( + , - , / , * , % ) • Increment / Decrement ( ++ , -- ) • Prefix / Postfix ( a++ , ++a , a-- , --a ) • Assignment Operator ( = ) • Arithmetic Assignment Operator ( += , -= , /= , *= , %= ) • Relational operators ( > , < , >= , <= , == , != ) • Logical Operators • And / Or / Not ( &&, || , ! )
- 10. Header Files and Library Files: #include <iostream> //for cout, etc. #include <cmath> //for sqrt() using namespace std; int main() { double number, answer; //sqrt() requires type double cout << “Enter a number: “; cin >> number; //get the number answer = sqrt(number); //find square root cout << “Square root is “ << answer << endl; //display it return 0; }