Ucsp.module2.lesson3
- 1. PERSONALITY IN THE PHILIPPINE CONTEXT
- 2. PERSONALITY - It is the sum total of behaviors, attitude, beliefs, and values that are characteristics of an individual.
- 3. FACTORS IN PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 1. Hereditary. Characteristics that are present at birth, such as body of build, hair type, eye color, and skin pigmentation. 2. Birth Order. The order in which we are born into our families also influence our personalities.
- 4. 3. Parental Characteristics. Personality development in children is also influenced by the characteristics of the parents. 4. The Cultural Environment. Cultural environment determines the basic types of personality traits of a person.
- 5. THE FILIPINO CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY 1. “Bahala na” Attitude The Bahala na trait or the equivalent of the Spanish Que Sera Sera became a defense mechanism for Filipinos, to preserve mental balance and mitigate the adverse effects of their failures. 2. Hospitable and Peaceful Filipinos consider it a privilege to be able to offer help and friendship to all foreigners, including their former colonial masters.
- 6. 3. Religiosity Filipinos have strong beliefs about their religion and these beliefs are stronger, than more urbanized the area. 4. Loyalty and grateful Filipinos are loyal and grateful to friends who are good and ever reliable in both good times and in adversity. Filipinos are ever grateful to their benefactors and their utang na loob .
- 7. 5. Adaptability and Resiliency Filipinos can integrate in any culture and can cope in any climate.
- 8. 6. Respect for Elders • A character trait that has remains a customary law among Filipinos respect for elders. Respect for elders includes respect for the authority of elder brothers and sisters.
- 9. DEVIANCE
- 10. DEVIANCE •is a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law. •Anything that deviates from what people generally accepts as normal.
- 11. Types of Deviant Activities 1. Crime -the violation of formally enacted laws -also known as FORMAL DEVIANCE ex. Robbery, theft, rape, murder, and assault 2. Violations of informal social norms - violation of norms that have not been codified into laws - also refers to as INFORMAL DEVIANCE ex. Wearing revealing clothes, doing inappropriate behaviors.
- 12. Sanctions Sanctions are imposed by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behaviors in ways that limit, or punish deviance. This is also known as SOCIAL CONTROL. Types: 1. Positive Sanctions: affirmative reactions, usually in response to conformity. 2. Negative Sanctions: negative social reactions to deviance. FORMAL SANCTIONING OF DEVIANCE occurs when norms are codified into law, and violation almost always result in negative sanctions from justice system. Ex. The police, the courts, the prison system.
- 13. DEGREES OF DEVIANCE A. PRIMARY DEVIANCE- It is the occasional violation of norms. Individuals who commit act of primary deviance do not see themselves as deviant and neither does society. B. SECONDARY DEVIANCE- It refers to deviance as a lifestyle and results in the individual being labeled as deviant and believing that label.
- 14. Three main forms of Social Sanction for Deviance: 1.Legal sanction, 2.Stigmatization (ostracization), and 3.Preference for one behavior over another.
- 15. Sociological Perspectives on Deviance FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVES - It is a natural part of the society. - Deviance results from the strain of goals incompatible with the available means of achieving them. - According to Strain Theory, deviance is a natural growth of the values, norms, and the structure of society.
- 16. FIVE TYPES OF DEVIANCE CONFORMIST - It accepts the society’s goals and the socially acceptable means of achieving them. INNOVATION - It is a response due to strain generated by our culture’s emphasis on wealth and the lack of opportunities.
- 17. RITUALISM - It rejects the society’s goals but accepts society’s institutionalised means. RETREATISM - It is the rejection of both cultural goals and means, letting the person in question “drop out.” REBELLION - Similar to retreatism but they go one step further to a “counterculture” that supports other social order.
- 18. MERTON’S STRAIN THEORY OF DEVIANCE
- 19. CONFLICT PERSPECTIVES - Deviance is a result of competition and social inequality. - People without power commit deviant acts to obtain economic rewards or to improve their low self- esteem and stop feeling powerless. - The ruling classes label as deviant any behavior that threatens their power.
- 20. INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE - Interaction among individuals influences deviance. - Control theory suggests that strong bonds make people conform to norms and refrain from deviance. - Cultural transmission theory proposes that deviance is a learned behavior. - Labeling theory examines how individuals are identified as deviant.
- 21. 1. CONTROL THEORY - Control theory explains deviance as a natural occurrence. - It is interested in why people conform rather than in the causes of deviance. According to Travis Hirschi, a leading control theorist, people develop bonds to their communities in four ways: a. FIRST. They form attachments with others- parents, teachers, and friends- who accept the norms of society. b. SECOND. They have a strong belief in society’s moral codes, accepting that some behavior is simply wrong. c. THIRD. They show commitment to traditional societal values and goals, such as getting a good education or job. d. FINALLY. They are fully involved in nondeviant activities, leaving no time for deviant behavior.
- 22. 2. CULTURAL TRANSMISSION THEORY - Socialization is also central to cultural transmission theory. - It explains deviance as a behavior learned in much the same way that nondeviant behavior is learned through interaction with others. 3. LABELING THEORY - It focuses on how individuals come to be identified as deviant. - It believes in the idea that all people commit deviant acts, yet not everyone is labeled as deviant.