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DELL POWEREDGE C6220: PERFORMANCE FOR LARGE
INFRASTRUCTURES




                        Organizations that run large data centers to provide cloud services or software
                as a service (SaaS) require servers that are compact, flexible, easy to maintain, and
                deliver outstanding performance, along with low-cost, feature-laden software that
                integrates easily. Customers expect to be able to access their data on demand, so high-
                performing but concentrated compute fabrics are a necessity for these data centers.
                        The Dell PowerEdge C6220 server is designed for large data centers specializing
                in cloud computing and other massive scale-out environments. It contains up to four
                two-socket server nodes that provide flexibility and easy maintenance in a dense, 2U
                form factor. Organizations with large deployments often elect to pair this powerful
                hyperscale hardware with open-source Linux-based operating systems and open-source
                application stacks to maximize cost efficiency, performance, flexibility, and ease of
                management.
                        In our labs at Principled Technologies, we put the performance of the Dell
                PowerEdge C6220 server with a CentOS-based LAMP software stack to the test. We
                found that a single Dell PowerEdge C6220 with an open-source LAMP software stack
                was able to handle up to 119,758 orders per minute across multiple Web sites and
                databases, indicating a level of performance ideal for scale-out deployments.




                       A PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES TEST REPORT
                                                                      Commissioned by Dell Inc.; April 2012
SCALE-OUT PERFORMANCE
                                          The performance your infrastructure delivers to end users depends upon two
                                  factors: the hardware that powers your workloads, and the software that runs them.
                                  We tested the performance of a hardware and software combination well suited for
                                  large-scale server deployments: the Dell PowerEdge C6220 server and an open-source
                                  LAMP software stack, running the CentOS operating system, Apache Web Server,
                                  MySQL databases, and PHP for the scripting language.
                                          The size, number, and variation of customers’ Web sites and databases will
                                  always vary based on your customers’ needs. For our testing, we used from one to four
                                  Web sites, each with their own MySQL database instance. For testing, we used a 10GB
                                  database. We found that the LAMP stack on the Dell PowerEdge C6220 was able to
                                  process 38,793 orders per minute while running one Web site/database, 79,759 orders
                                  per minute while running two Web sites/databases, and 119,758 orders per minute
                                  while running four DVD store Web sites, each with an independent MySQL database
                                  instance. Figure 1 shows the performance, by increasing numbers of Web sites, that the
                                  server achieved, in orders per minute.


                                        Number of DVD store Web sites                           Orders per minute
                                                     1                                                 38,793
                                                     2                                                 79,759
                                                     4                                               119,758
                                   Figure 1: Performance results, in orders per minute, for varying numbers of Web sites.


                                          These results are comparable to another recently published single-node DVD
                                  Store report using Linux and MySQL, which offered single-node scores ranging from
                                  36,000 to 70,000 OPM.1

About the Dell PowerEdge C6220 server                                                 Highlights of the Dell
                                          The Dell PowerEdge C6220 is                  PowerEdge C6220
                                  a rack server designed for large data
                                                                                    Shared infrastructure uses less
                                  centers that require extensive                     floor space, power, and cooling
                                  efficiency, flexibility, performance,             Dense form factor ideal for service
                                  and maintenance features. The                      providers, hosting platforms, and
                                                                                     hyperscale environments
                                  PowerEdge C6220 can house up to
                                                                                    Up to 36TB raw storage in a single
                                  four hot-swappable server nodes,                   four node chassis
                                  which are each powered by two                     Embedded management control
                                  sockets containing processors from                 per node


1
    http://www.principledtechnologies.com/clients/reports/Red%20Hat/LAMP_stack_0412.pdf


Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                            A Principled Technologies test report 2
the Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2600 series. Using multiple hot-swappable server nodes
                              provides the flexibility to reuse or repurpose servers when workloads change,
                              eliminating downtime in the process. Fitting the power of four servers into just a
                              standard 2U rack slot with a number of drive options for efficient storage allocation, the
                              Dell PowerEdge C6220 easily meets the needs of large-scale server deployments. For
                              more information about the PowerEdge C6220, and the entire Dell PowerEdge C series,
                              visit http://www.dell.com/us/enterprise/p/poweredge-cloud-servers.

About the LAMP stack we tested
                                      LAMP is an acronym for the components of a multi-tier software stack that an
                               infrastructure may run: the Linux operating system, Apache Web server, MySQL
                               database, and PHP scripting language. Service providers have used this application stack
                               for years to provide powerful and flexible multi-tier environments for customers.
                               Below, we briefly describe each component.

                               About CentOS Server
                                       Community ENTerprise Operating System, commonly known as CentOS, is an
                               open-source Linux-based operating system designed to provide organizations with an
                               enterprise-class computing platform that is free to use. CentOS incorporates numerous
                               advanced operating system features such as virtualization capabilities, enhanced
                               memory management capabilities, and ext4 file system support. For more information
                               about CentOS, visit http://www.centos.org/.
                               Apache
                                       Apache HTTP Server, initially released in 1995, has been a driving force in the
Figure 2: The LAMP stack.
                               growth of the World Wide Web over the past two decades. It is an open-source Web
                              server that includes such features as Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security
                              support, filtering support, and custom log files. For more information, visit
                              http://www.apache.org/.
                              MySQL
                                      MySQL, initially developed in 1995 and open-sourced in 2000, is one of the most
                              common database platforms backing both external Web sites and internal database
                              infrastructures. It delivers high performance, high reliability, and is easy to use. Running
                              on more than 20 operating system platforms and providing a range of database tools,
                              MySQL delivers flexibility and performance to large-scale deployments. For more
                              information about MySQL, visit http://www.mysql.com/.
                              PHP
                                      PHP, initially released to the public in 1995, is a scripting language for Web
                              development that can be embedded into HTML source documents instead of using an



Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                       A Principled Technologies test report 3
external file to process data. The Web server interprets the PHP code to generate a Web
                              page. For more information about PHP, visit http://www.php.net/.

WHAT WE TESTED
About DVD Store Version 2.1
                                      To create our real-world multi-tier LAMP workload, we used the DVD Store
                              Version 2.1 (DS2) benchmarking tool. DS2 models an online DVD store, where customers
                              log in, search for movies, and make purchases. DS2 reports these actions in orders per
                              minute (OPM) that the system could handle, to show what kind of performance you
                              could expect for your customers. The DS2 workload also performs other actions, such as
                              adding new customers, to exercise the wide range of database functions you would
                              need to run your LAMP environment. DS2 supports different versions of database
                              platforms, Web servers, and application servers. As we note above, for this evaluation,
                              we used the MySQL database engine, Apache Web server, and PHP. We ran three test
                              runs of each Web site/database density level, and report the median result of each
                              scenario above. For more information about the DS2 tool, see
                              http://www.delltechcenter.com/page/DVD+Store.

CONCLUSION
                                      Compact, high-performing servers and streamlined software are a necessity for
                              any data center that provides multi-tier hosted Web solutions, cloud services, or other
                              scale-out implementations. Customers need quick access to Web applications that
                              power their business, and the databases that power those Web applications. In our
                              tests, we found that the Dell PowerEdge C6220 server with an open-source LAMP
                              software stack was able to complete up to 38,793 orders per minute for one Web site,
                              79,759 orders per minute for two Web sites, and 119,758 orders per minute for four
                              Web sites – all while providing the flexibility, efficiency, and maintenance features that
                              large-scale deployments require.




Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                      A Principled Technologies test report 4
APPENDIX A – SERVER CONFIGURATION INFORMATION
         Figure 3 provides detailed configuration information for the test server.

System                                                                               Dell PowerEdge C6220
Power supplies (per chassis)
Total number                                                   2
Vendor and model number                                        Dell Model: D1200E-S1
Wattage of each (W)                                            1400
Cooling fans (per chassis)
Total number                                                   4
Vendor and model number                                        Dell FHXGY-A00
Dimensions (h x w) of each                                     2.5” x 2.5”
Volts                                                          12
Amps                                                           3.30
General
Number of processor packages                                   2
Number of cores per processor                                  6
Number of hardware threads per core                            2
System power management policy                                 Balanced
CPU
Vendor                                                         Intel
Name                                                           Xeon
Model number                                                   E5-2630
Stepping                                                       7
Socket type                                                    LGA2011
Core frequency (GHz)                                           2.30
Bus frequency                                                  7.2 GT/s
L1 cache                                                       32 KB + 32 KB (per core)
L2 cache                                                       256 KB (per core)
L3 cache (MB)                                                  15
Platform
Vendor and model number                                        Dell PowerEdge C6220
Motherboard model number                                       E145483
BIOS name and version                                          Dell 1.0.14
BIOS settings                                                  Defaults
Memory module(s)
Total RAM in system (GB)                                       128
Vendor and model number                                        Hynix™ HMT31GR7BFR4C-PB
Type                                                           PC3-12800R
Speed (MHz)                                                    1,600
Speed running in the system (MHz)                              1,600
Timing/Latency (tCL-tRCD-tRP-tRASmin)                          11-11-11-35
Size (GB)                                                      8
Number of RAM module(s)                                        16


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System                                                                           Dell PowerEdge C6220
Chip organization                                             Double-sided
Rank                                                          Dual
Operating system
Name                                                          CentOS 6.2
Build number                                                  ext4
File system                                                   ext4
Kernel                                                        2.6.32-220.13.1.el6.x86_64
Language                                                      English
Graphics
Vendor and model number                                       ASPEED VGA Controller
Graphics memory (MB)                                          8
Driver                                                        N/A
RAID controller
Vendor and model number                                       LSI™ MegaRAID® SAS 9265-8i
Firmware version                                              3.120.5-1169
Driver and version                                            LSI MegaRAID SAS Driver: megaraid_sas, 00.00.05.40-rh2
Cache size (GB)                                               1
Hard drive
Vendor and model number                                       Toshiba MBF2600RC
Number of disks in system                                     24 (6 disks per node)
Size (GB)                                                     600
Buffer size (MB)                                              16
RPM                                                           10K
Type                                                          6Gb SAS
Ethernet adapters
Vendor and model number                                       I350 Gigabit Network Connection
Type                                                          Integrated
Driver                                                        Intel Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver: igb, 3.0.6-k
USB ports
Number                                                        2 external, 1 internal
Type                                                          2.0
Figure 3: Configuration details for the test server.




Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                        A Principled Technologies test report 6
APPENDIX B – HOW WE TESTED
          We used the Dell PowerEdge C6220 server as the server under test and installed CentOS 6.2 on it, as we specify
below. For the DVD Store clients, we used eight machines running Windows Server 2003 R2. We cabled all machines into
a 1Gbps switch for testing.

Installing the CentOS 6.2 operating system
    1.  Insert and boot from the CentOS-6.2-x86_64-bin-DVD1 installation DVD.
    2.  At the welcome screen, select Install or upgrade an existing system, and press Enter.
    3.  At the Media test screen, select Skip, and press Enter.
    4.  At the CentOS 6 title screen, click Next.
    5.  At the Choose an Installation Language screen, select English, and click Next.
    6.  At the Keyboard Type screen, select U.S. English, and click Next.
    7.  At the Storage Devices screen, select Basic Storage Devices, and click Next.
    8.  If a warning for device initialization appears, select Yes, discard any data.
    9.  At the Name the Computer screen, type the host name, and click Configure Network.
    10. At the Network Connections screen, select the server’s main or management network interface, and click Edit.
    11. At the Editing network interface screen, check Connect Automatically.
    12. On the same screen, Select the IPv4 Settings tab, change the Method to Manual, and click Add.
    13. On the same screen, enter the IP address, Netmask, Gateway, and DNS server. Click Apply.
    14. Click Close on the Network Connections screen, and click Next on the Name the Computer screen.
    15. At the Time zone selection screen, select the appropriate time zone, and click Next.
    16. Enter the root password in the Root Password and Confirm fields, and click Next.
    17. At the Partition selection screen, select Replace Existing Linux System(s), and click Next.
    18. If a warning appears, click Write changes to disk.
    19. At the default installation screen, click Next to begin the installation.
    20. At the Congratulations screen, click Reboot.
    21. After the system reboots, log in as root.
    22. Disable SELinux by editing the file /etc/selinux/config, and change the line SELINUX=enforcing to
        SELINUX=disabled. These changes take effect after rebooting.
    23. Update the system using yum:

          yum update

    24. Disable unused services by running the following command-line script:

          CHK_OFFs="auditd ip6tables iptables netfs postfix qpidd "
          for i in ${CHK_OFFs}; do
            chkconfig $i off
            service $i stop
          done

    25. Enable and configure the cpuspeed service. Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/cpuspeed and modify the line containing
        GOVERNOR to GOVERNOR=performance. Run this command-line script:

          chkconfig cpuspeed on
          service cpuspeed restart




Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                        A Principled Technologies test report 7
26. Configure network adapter connected to the DVD Store clients, for example em2, to listen on four IP addresses
       (aliases). Modify the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em2, changing the line ONBOOT=”no” to
       ONBOOT=yes, and create the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em2-range0 with this content:

       ifcfg-em2-range0:
       IPADDR_START=192.168.3.21
       IPADDR_END=192.168.3.24
       CLONENUM_START=1

   27. Allocate 21000 (about 41GB) standard Hugepages for MySQL by modifying the parameter, vm.nr_hugepages, in
       the file /etc/sysctl.conf:

       vm.nr_hugepages=21000

   28. Reboot the server:

       shutdown -r now

   29. After the system reboots, log in as root.

   30. Create four pairs of disk partitions (one set for each instance of MySQL) for the MySQL data and log files, using,
       for example, the disk /dev/sdb, whose contents will be destroyed, and is at least 120GB in size. The size of the
       partitions is 20GB for the data files, and 5GB for the log files. Run this command-line script:

       parted   /dev/sdb     mklabel gpt
       parted   /dev/sdb     mkpart primary        "1      20GB"
       parted   /dev/sdb     mkpart primary        "20GB   40GB"
       parted   /dev/sdb     mkpart primary        "40GB   60GB"
       parted   /dev/sdb     mkpart primary        "60GB   80GB"
       parted   /dev/sdb     mkpart primary        "80GB   85GB"
       parted   /dev/sdb     mkpart primary        "85GB   90GB"
       parted   /dev/sdb     mkpart primary        "90GB   95GB"
       parted   /dev/sdb     mkpart primary        "95GB   100GB"
       parted   /dev/sdb     name 1 dat01
       parted   /dev/sdb     name 2 dat02
       parted   /dev/sdb     name 3 dat03
       parted   /dev/sdb     name 4 dat04
       parted   /dev/sdb     name 5 log01
       parted   /dev/sdb     name 6 log02
       parted   /dev/sdb     name 7 log03
       parted   /dev/sdb     name 8 log04

   31. Create one more 20GB disk partition to hold the master DVD Store data, used to reset the system before each
       benchmark run:

       parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary "100GB 120GB"
       parted /dev/sdb name 9 ds2

   32. Create an ext4 filesystem on each of the nine partitions:

       for i in $(seq 19); do
         mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb${i}
       done



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33. Create mount points for these nine file systems:

       mkdir /ds2 /mysql
       mkdir /mysql/{dat,log}0{1,2,3,4}

   34. To mount these file systems at boot time, add the following lines to /etc/fstab:

       /dev/sdb9     /ds2             ext4    defaults,noatime      1   2
       /dev/sdb1     /mysql/dat01     ext4    defaults,noatime      1   2
       /dev/sdb2     /mysql/dat02     ext4    defaults,noatime      1   2
       /dev/sdb3     /mysql/dat03     ext4    defaults,noatime      1   2
       /dev/sdb4     /mysql/dat04     ext4    defaults,noatime      1   2
       /dev/sdb5     /mysql/log01     ext4    defaults,noatime      1   2
       /dev/sdb6     /mysql/log02     ext4    defaults,noatime      1   2
       /dev/sdb7     /mysql/log03     ext4    defaults,noatime      1   2
       /dev/sdb8     /mysql/log04     ext4    defaults,noatime      1   2

   35. Mount them for this session as well:

       mount /ds2 /mysql/dat* /mysql/log*

   36. Install the software packages for Apache Web Server, PHP, and MySQL database as well their dependencies
       using yum:

       yum install @web-server @mysql @mysql-client @php php-mysql

Installing Apache Web server and PHP on CentOS 6.2
       In our testing, the benchmark used up to four independent DVD Store Web sites. The client machines accessed
them through one instance of the Apache Web server configured with four virtual hosts listening on TCP port 80 on four
separate IP addresses: 192.168.3.21, 192.168.3.22, 192.168.3.23, and 192.168.3.24.
   1. Copy the Apache configuration file /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf to /mysql/httpd-template.conf to create a
      template for the Apache Web server instances.

       cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /mysql/httpd-template.con

   2. For each row in the next table, replace the line in the Apache configuration template (the entry in the left
      column) with the contents on the right.

           Original Apache Web Server setting                                      Updated setting
KeepAlive Off                                                 KeepAlive On
KeepAliveTimeout 15                                           KeepAliveTimeout 2
Listen 80                                                     Listen 192.168.1.2XyZZY:80
#ServerName www.example.com:80                                ServerName 191.168.30.2XYZZY
AccessFileName .htaccess                                      #AccessFileName .htaccess
ErrorLog logs/error_log                                       ErrorLog logs/error0XYZZY_log
CustomLog logs/access_log combined                            CustomLog logs/access0XYZZY_log combined
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"                     #ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">                                #<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None                                        #    AllowOverride None
    Options None                                              #    Options None
    Order allow,deny                                          #    Order allow,deny



Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                       A Principled Technologies test report 9
Allow from all                                            #    Allow from all
</Directory>                                                  #</Directory>
ReadmeName README.html                                        #ReadmeName README.html
HeaderName HEADER.html                                        #HeaderName HEADER.html
AddType text/html .shtml                                      #AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml                               #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

   3. Insert the following lines at the end of the file /mysql/httpd-template.conf to create the one independent virtual
      Web sites and to specify how PHP is to connect to the site’s MySQL instance:

       NameVirtualHost 192.168.3.2XYZZY:80

       # separate DVD Stores
       <VirtualHost 192.168.3.2XYZZY:80>
           DocumentRoot /www/html0XYZZY
           php_value mysql.default_socket /mysql/log0XYZZY/mysql.sock
           php_value mysqli.default_socket /mysql/log0XYZZY/mysql.sock
       </VirtualHost>

   4. Disable unneeded Apache Web Server extensions:

       cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
       for i in *conf; do
         mv ${i} ${i}-orig
       done
       mv php.conf-orig php.conf

   5. Modify the default PHP configuration file /etc/php.ini. For each row in the following table, replace the line in the
      PHP configuration file (the entry in the left column) with the contents on the right.

                Original PHP setting                                             Updated setting
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED                 error_reporting =
                                                        E_COMPILE_ERROR|E_ERROR|E_CORE_ERROR
date.timezone =                                         date.timezone ='America/New_York'
display_errors = Off                                    display_errors = On
mysql.default_host =                                    mysql.default_host = localhost
mysql.default_user =                                    mysql.default_user = web
mysql.default_password =                                mysql.default_password = web
mysqli.default_port = 3306                              mysqli.default_port =
mysqli.default_user =                                   mysqli.default_user = web
mysqli.default_password =                               mysqli.default_password = web

   6. Create the directories that will contain the Web content:

       mkdir /www
       mkdir /www/html0{1,2,3,4}
       mkdir /www/html0{1,2,3,4/ds2

   7. Generate the configuration file for each instance by replacing the tag XYZZY with the instance number:

       for i in 1 2 0 4; do
         sed "s/XYZZY/$i/g" < /mysql/httpd-template.conf > /mysql/h${i}.conf
       done



Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                      A Principled Technologies test report 10
8. Stop the default Apache Web instance and prevent it from automatically starting :

       service httpd stop
       chkconfig httpd on

Installing MySQL database on CentOS 6.2
       The MySQL database software was installed as part of the operating system installation. We configure four
independent instances, and start and stop them from scripts rather than use the init/services mechanism.
   1. Stop the default MySQL instance and prevent it from automatically starting:

       service mysqld stop
       chkconfig mysqld off

   2. The configuration file for each instance will generate from a template. Create the file /mysql/my-template.cnf
      with the content:

       [mysql]
       socket                                     = /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql.sock

       [mysqld]
       user                                       =   mysql
       default_storage_engine                     =   InnoDB
       socket                                     =   /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql.sock
       pid_file                                   =   /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql.pid
       skip-networking
       large_pages                                =   true
       key_buffer_size                            =   32M
       myisam_recover                             =   FORCE,BACKUP
       max_allowed_packet                         =   16M
       max_connect_errors                         =   1000000
       innodb                                     =   FORCE
       datadir                                    =   /mysql/datXYZZY
       tmp_table_size                             =   32M
       max_heap_table_size                        =   32M
       query_cache_type                           =   0
       query_cache_size                           =   0
       max_connections                            =   20000
       thread_cache_size                          =   50
       open_files_limit                           =   65535
       table_definition_cache                     =   1024
       table_open_cache                           =   2048
       innodb_flush_method                        =   O_DIRECT
       innodb_log_files_in_group                  =   2
       innodb_log_file_size                       =   512M
       innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit             =   2
       innodb_file_per_table                      =   1
       innodb_buffer_pool_size                    =   10G
       innodb_thread_concurrency                  =   0
       innodb_log_group_home_dir                  =   /mysql/logXYZZY
       innodb_data_home_dir                       =   /mysql/datXYZZY
       log_error                                  =   /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql-error.log
       log_queries_not_using_indexes              =   1
       slow_query_log                             =   1
       slow_query_log_file                        =   /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql-slow.log


Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                    A Principled Technologies test report 11
default-storage-engine          = InnoDB
       #### from DVD Store installation instructions
       ft_min_word_len                 = 3
       ft_stopword_file                =
       [mysqldadmin]
       socket                          = /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql.sock


   3. Generate the configuration file for each instance by replacing the tag XYZZY with the instance number:

       for i in 01 02 03 04; do
         sed "s/XYZZY/$i/g" < /mysql/my-template.cnf > /mysql/my-${i}.cnf
       done

   4. Create the script files /mysql/MySQLstart, /mysql/MySQLstop and /mysql/MySQLdata with the following
      contents:

       # MySQLstart
       for i in 01 02 03 04; do
          echo Starting Instance ${i}
          sleep 5
          mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/my-${i}.cnf
              --basedir=/usr --user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/dat${i}
              --socket=/mysql/log${i}/mysql.sock   >/dev/null 2>&1 &
       done
       # end of MySQLstart

       # MySQLstop
       for i in 01 02 03 04; do
          echo Stopping Instance ${i}
          mysqladmin -uroot -pPassword1 
                     -S/mysql/log${i}/mysql.sock shutdown
       done
       # end of MySQLstop

       # MySQL Data
       for i in 01 02 03 04; do
          mkdir /mysql/{dat,log}${i} >/dev/null 2>&1
          rm -rf /mysql/{dat,log}${i}/*
          cp -rp /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/dat/* /mysql/dat${i} &
          cp -rp /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/log/* /mysql/log${i} &
          echo Restoring dataset $i
          wait
          chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql/{dat,log}${i}
       done
       # end of MySQLdata

   5. Create the default MySQL database and user permissions for the first instance:

       chown mysql:mysql /mysql/dat* /mysql/log*
       mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/mysql/my-01.cnf --basedir=/usr 
          --user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/dat01 --socket=/mysql/log01/mysql.sock

   6. Start one MySQL server and set the user password:



Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                   A Principled Technologies test report 12
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/my-01.cnf --basedir=/usr --user=mysql 
                   --datadir=/mysql/dat01 --socket=/mysql/log01/mysql.sock
       mysqladmin -S=/mysql/log01/mysql.sock -uroot password Password1

   7. Create one MySQL user with full permissions for the DVD Store workload by starting a mysql shell with the
      command, mysql -uroot -pPassword1, and then entering the following commands:

       grant all privileges on *.* to web@lamp001 identified by 'web';
       grant all privileges on *.* to web@localhost identified by 'web';
       grant all privileges on *.* to web@'%' identified by 'web';
       grant all privileges on *.* to 'apache'@'localhost';
       delete from mysql.user where User='';

   8. Stop the MySQL server

       mysqladmin -uroot -pPassword1 -S/mysql/log01/mysql.sock shutdown

Installing and configuring DVD Store 2.1 on the Linux server
       Download the DVD Store 2.1 software from the Dell repository, http://linux.dell.com/dvdstore, to the CentOS
server. You need both ds21.tar.gz and ds21_mysql.tar.gz archives.
   1. Extract the DVD Store software to the /ds2 file system:

       cd /ds2
       tar zxf ds21.tar.gz
       tar zxf ds21_mysql.tar.gz

   2. Modify the database creation SQL scripts to load the data from the local file system, rather than through the
      network:

       cd /ds2/mysqlds2/build
       cp mysqlds2_create_db.sql mysqlds2_create_db.sql-orig
       sed -i 's/TYPE=/ENGINE=/g ' sql mysqlds2_create_db.sql
       cd /ds2/mysqlds2/load
       for i in */*.sql; do
          cp ${i} ${i}-orig
          sed -i 's/ LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE/ LOAD DATA INFILE/' ${i}
       done

   3. Create the master data files for the tests; that is a 10GB DVD Store database for MySQL on Linux:

       cd /ds2
       perl Install_DVDStore.pl

   4. Start the first MySQL instance and load the DVD Store data:

       mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/my-01.cnf --basedir=/usr --user=mysql 
                   --datadir=/mysql/dat01 --socket=/mysql/log01/mysql.sock
       sleep 10
       cd /mysql/mysqlds2
       sh mysqlds2_create_all.sh



Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                    A Principled Technologies test report 13
5. Stop MySQL and copy its data and log file to the gold or master file location to speed resetting DVD Store to its
       original state:

        sh /mysql/MySQLstop
        mkdir /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/dat/
        mkdir /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/log
        cp -rp /mysql/log01/* /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/log &
        cp -rp /mysql/dat01/* /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/dat

    6. Finally, copy the DVD Store Web and PHP files to the three web-root directories:

        cd   /ds2/mysqlds2/web/php5
        cp   dsnewcustomer.php.sp dsnewcustomer.php
        cp   index.html ds*.php ds*.inc /www/html01/ds2
        cp   index.html ds*.php ds*.inc /www/html02/ds2
        cp   index.html ds*.php ds*.inc /www/html03/ds2
        cp   index.html ds*.php ds*.inc /www/html04/ds2

Configuring the DVD Store client servers
        Each DVD Store client simulates 24 simultaneous users of one DVD Store Web site. In order to generate an
appropriate workload, we assigned two clients to each DVD Store Web site, or 48 simultaneous users. Accordingly, we
prepared eight client servers, each running 32-bit Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise with Service Pack 2.
        We copied the DVD Store Web client for MySQL, ds2webdriver.exe, to the directory c:ds2bin on each client.
We created a DVD Store parameter file, params.txt, on each client with the following contents (the target IP address
changed to that client’s target Web site):

        target=<target ip address>
        n_threads=24
        ramp_rate=1
        run_time=30
        db_size=10GB
        warmup_time=10
        think_time=0
        pct_newcustomers=20
        n_searches=3
        search_batch_size=5
        n_line_items=5
        virt_dir=ds2
        page_type=php
        windows_perf_host=
        linux_perf_host=
        detailed_view=n

Testing procedure
        To perform one test, we used a batch file, which we executed from the client machine. We stored the batch file
in the C:ClientShare folder. The testing procedure consisted of the following steps:
    1. Execute the batch file.
    2. Stop the MySQL services.
    3. Delete all prior database files.


Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                       A Principled Technologies test report 14
4.    Copy all original database files from the backup utility partition.
   5.    Reboot the server under test.
   6.    Reboot the client machine.
   7.    Wait for a ping response from the physical server machine.
   8.    Wait 10 additional minutes for any background tasks to complete.
   9.    Mount all necessary partitions.
   10.   Start the MySQL services.
   11.   Start the workload ramp up period.
   12.   Stop the workload.
   13.   Start the workload.
   14.   Stop the workload.
   15.   Copy all output files.




Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                    A Principled Technologies test report 15
ABOUT PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES
                                               We provide industry-leading technology assessment and fact-based marketing
                                               services. We bring to every assignment extensive experience with and expertise
                                               in all aspects of technology testing and analysis, from researching new
                                               technologies, to developing new methodologies, to testing with existing and new
                                               tools.
Principled Technologies, Inc.
1007 Slater Road, Suite 300                    When the assessment is complete, we know how to present the results to a
Durham, NC, 27703
www.principledtechnologies.com                 broad range of target audiences. We provide our clients with the materials they
                                               need, from market-focused data to use in their own collateral to custom sales
                                               aids, such as test reports, performance assessments, and white papers. Every
                                               document reflects the results of our trusted independent analysis.

                                               We provide customized services that focus on our clients’ individual
                                               requirements. Whether the technology involves hardware, software, Web sites,
                                               or services, we offer the experience, expertise, and tools to help our clients
                                               assess how it will fare against its competition, its performance, its market
                                               readiness, and its quality and reliability.

                                               Our founders, Mark L. Van Name and Bill Catchings, have worked together in
                                               technology assessment for over 20 years. As journalists, they published over a
                                               thousand articles on a wide array of technology subjects. They created and led
                                               the Ziff-Davis Benchmark Operation, which developed such industry-standard
                                               benchmarks as Ziff Davis Media’s Winstone and WebBench. They founded and
                                               led eTesting Labs, and after the acquisition of that company by Lionbridge
                                               Technologies were the head and CTO of VeriTest.




Principled Technologies is a registered trademark of Principled Technologies, Inc.
All other product names are the trademarks of their respective owners.

Disclaimer of Warranties; Limitation of Liability:
PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. HAS MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO ENSURE THE ACCURACY AND VALIDITY OF ITS TESTING, HOWEVER,
PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, RELATING TO THE TEST RESULTS AND
ANALYSIS, THEIR ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS OR QUALITY, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
ALL PERSONS OR ENTITIES RELYING ON THE RESULTS OF ANY TESTING DO SO AT THEIR OWN RISK, AND AGREE THAT PRINCIPLED
TECHNOLOGIES, INC., ITS EMPLOYEES AND ITS SUBCONTRACTORS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FROM ANY CLAIM OF LOSS OR
DAMAGE ON ACCOUNT OF ANY ALLEGED ERROR OR DEFECT IN ANY TESTING PROCEDURE OR RESULT.

IN NO EVENT SHALL PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN
CONNECTION WITH ITS TESTING, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES,
INC.’S LIABILITY, INCLUDING FOR DIRECT DAMAGES, EXCEED THE AMOUNTS PAID IN CONNECTION WITH PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.’S
TESTING. CUSTOMER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES ARE AS SET FORTH HEREIN.




Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures                              A Principled Technologies test report 16

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Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures

  • 1. DELL POWEREDGE C6220: PERFORMANCE FOR LARGE INFRASTRUCTURES Organizations that run large data centers to provide cloud services or software as a service (SaaS) require servers that are compact, flexible, easy to maintain, and deliver outstanding performance, along with low-cost, feature-laden software that integrates easily. Customers expect to be able to access their data on demand, so high- performing but concentrated compute fabrics are a necessity for these data centers. The Dell PowerEdge C6220 server is designed for large data centers specializing in cloud computing and other massive scale-out environments. It contains up to four two-socket server nodes that provide flexibility and easy maintenance in a dense, 2U form factor. Organizations with large deployments often elect to pair this powerful hyperscale hardware with open-source Linux-based operating systems and open-source application stacks to maximize cost efficiency, performance, flexibility, and ease of management. In our labs at Principled Technologies, we put the performance of the Dell PowerEdge C6220 server with a CentOS-based LAMP software stack to the test. We found that a single Dell PowerEdge C6220 with an open-source LAMP software stack was able to handle up to 119,758 orders per minute across multiple Web sites and databases, indicating a level of performance ideal for scale-out deployments. A PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES TEST REPORT Commissioned by Dell Inc.; April 2012
  • 2. SCALE-OUT PERFORMANCE The performance your infrastructure delivers to end users depends upon two factors: the hardware that powers your workloads, and the software that runs them. We tested the performance of a hardware and software combination well suited for large-scale server deployments: the Dell PowerEdge C6220 server and an open-source LAMP software stack, running the CentOS operating system, Apache Web Server, MySQL databases, and PHP for the scripting language. The size, number, and variation of customers’ Web sites and databases will always vary based on your customers’ needs. For our testing, we used from one to four Web sites, each with their own MySQL database instance. For testing, we used a 10GB database. We found that the LAMP stack on the Dell PowerEdge C6220 was able to process 38,793 orders per minute while running one Web site/database, 79,759 orders per minute while running two Web sites/databases, and 119,758 orders per minute while running four DVD store Web sites, each with an independent MySQL database instance. Figure 1 shows the performance, by increasing numbers of Web sites, that the server achieved, in orders per minute. Number of DVD store Web sites Orders per minute 1 38,793 2 79,759 4 119,758 Figure 1: Performance results, in orders per minute, for varying numbers of Web sites. These results are comparable to another recently published single-node DVD Store report using Linux and MySQL, which offered single-node scores ranging from 36,000 to 70,000 OPM.1 About the Dell PowerEdge C6220 server Highlights of the Dell The Dell PowerEdge C6220 is PowerEdge C6220 a rack server designed for large data  Shared infrastructure uses less centers that require extensive floor space, power, and cooling efficiency, flexibility, performance,  Dense form factor ideal for service and maintenance features. The providers, hosting platforms, and hyperscale environments PowerEdge C6220 can house up to  Up to 36TB raw storage in a single four hot-swappable server nodes, four node chassis which are each powered by two  Embedded management control sockets containing processors from per node 1 http://www.principledtechnologies.com/clients/reports/Red%20Hat/LAMP_stack_0412.pdf Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 2
  • 3. the Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2600 series. Using multiple hot-swappable server nodes provides the flexibility to reuse or repurpose servers when workloads change, eliminating downtime in the process. Fitting the power of four servers into just a standard 2U rack slot with a number of drive options for efficient storage allocation, the Dell PowerEdge C6220 easily meets the needs of large-scale server deployments. For more information about the PowerEdge C6220, and the entire Dell PowerEdge C series, visit http://www.dell.com/us/enterprise/p/poweredge-cloud-servers. About the LAMP stack we tested LAMP is an acronym for the components of a multi-tier software stack that an infrastructure may run: the Linux operating system, Apache Web server, MySQL database, and PHP scripting language. Service providers have used this application stack for years to provide powerful and flexible multi-tier environments for customers. Below, we briefly describe each component. About CentOS Server Community ENTerprise Operating System, commonly known as CentOS, is an open-source Linux-based operating system designed to provide organizations with an enterprise-class computing platform that is free to use. CentOS incorporates numerous advanced operating system features such as virtualization capabilities, enhanced memory management capabilities, and ext4 file system support. For more information about CentOS, visit http://www.centos.org/. Apache Apache HTTP Server, initially released in 1995, has been a driving force in the Figure 2: The LAMP stack. growth of the World Wide Web over the past two decades. It is an open-source Web server that includes such features as Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security support, filtering support, and custom log files. For more information, visit http://www.apache.org/. MySQL MySQL, initially developed in 1995 and open-sourced in 2000, is one of the most common database platforms backing both external Web sites and internal database infrastructures. It delivers high performance, high reliability, and is easy to use. Running on more than 20 operating system platforms and providing a range of database tools, MySQL delivers flexibility and performance to large-scale deployments. For more information about MySQL, visit http://www.mysql.com/. PHP PHP, initially released to the public in 1995, is a scripting language for Web development that can be embedded into HTML source documents instead of using an Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 3
  • 4. external file to process data. The Web server interprets the PHP code to generate a Web page. For more information about PHP, visit http://www.php.net/. WHAT WE TESTED About DVD Store Version 2.1 To create our real-world multi-tier LAMP workload, we used the DVD Store Version 2.1 (DS2) benchmarking tool. DS2 models an online DVD store, where customers log in, search for movies, and make purchases. DS2 reports these actions in orders per minute (OPM) that the system could handle, to show what kind of performance you could expect for your customers. The DS2 workload also performs other actions, such as adding new customers, to exercise the wide range of database functions you would need to run your LAMP environment. DS2 supports different versions of database platforms, Web servers, and application servers. As we note above, for this evaluation, we used the MySQL database engine, Apache Web server, and PHP. We ran three test runs of each Web site/database density level, and report the median result of each scenario above. For more information about the DS2 tool, see http://www.delltechcenter.com/page/DVD+Store. CONCLUSION Compact, high-performing servers and streamlined software are a necessity for any data center that provides multi-tier hosted Web solutions, cloud services, or other scale-out implementations. Customers need quick access to Web applications that power their business, and the databases that power those Web applications. In our tests, we found that the Dell PowerEdge C6220 server with an open-source LAMP software stack was able to complete up to 38,793 orders per minute for one Web site, 79,759 orders per minute for two Web sites, and 119,758 orders per minute for four Web sites – all while providing the flexibility, efficiency, and maintenance features that large-scale deployments require. Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 4
  • 5. APPENDIX A – SERVER CONFIGURATION INFORMATION Figure 3 provides detailed configuration information for the test server. System Dell PowerEdge C6220 Power supplies (per chassis) Total number 2 Vendor and model number Dell Model: D1200E-S1 Wattage of each (W) 1400 Cooling fans (per chassis) Total number 4 Vendor and model number Dell FHXGY-A00 Dimensions (h x w) of each 2.5” x 2.5” Volts 12 Amps 3.30 General Number of processor packages 2 Number of cores per processor 6 Number of hardware threads per core 2 System power management policy Balanced CPU Vendor Intel Name Xeon Model number E5-2630 Stepping 7 Socket type LGA2011 Core frequency (GHz) 2.30 Bus frequency 7.2 GT/s L1 cache 32 KB + 32 KB (per core) L2 cache 256 KB (per core) L3 cache (MB) 15 Platform Vendor and model number Dell PowerEdge C6220 Motherboard model number E145483 BIOS name and version Dell 1.0.14 BIOS settings Defaults Memory module(s) Total RAM in system (GB) 128 Vendor and model number Hynix™ HMT31GR7BFR4C-PB Type PC3-12800R Speed (MHz) 1,600 Speed running in the system (MHz) 1,600 Timing/Latency (tCL-tRCD-tRP-tRASmin) 11-11-11-35 Size (GB) 8 Number of RAM module(s) 16 Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 5
  • 6. System Dell PowerEdge C6220 Chip organization Double-sided Rank Dual Operating system Name CentOS 6.2 Build number ext4 File system ext4 Kernel 2.6.32-220.13.1.el6.x86_64 Language English Graphics Vendor and model number ASPEED VGA Controller Graphics memory (MB) 8 Driver N/A RAID controller Vendor and model number LSI™ MegaRAID® SAS 9265-8i Firmware version 3.120.5-1169 Driver and version LSI MegaRAID SAS Driver: megaraid_sas, 00.00.05.40-rh2 Cache size (GB) 1 Hard drive Vendor and model number Toshiba MBF2600RC Number of disks in system 24 (6 disks per node) Size (GB) 600 Buffer size (MB) 16 RPM 10K Type 6Gb SAS Ethernet adapters Vendor and model number I350 Gigabit Network Connection Type Integrated Driver Intel Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver: igb, 3.0.6-k USB ports Number 2 external, 1 internal Type 2.0 Figure 3: Configuration details for the test server. Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 6
  • 7. APPENDIX B – HOW WE TESTED We used the Dell PowerEdge C6220 server as the server under test and installed CentOS 6.2 on it, as we specify below. For the DVD Store clients, we used eight machines running Windows Server 2003 R2. We cabled all machines into a 1Gbps switch for testing. Installing the CentOS 6.2 operating system 1. Insert and boot from the CentOS-6.2-x86_64-bin-DVD1 installation DVD. 2. At the welcome screen, select Install or upgrade an existing system, and press Enter. 3. At the Media test screen, select Skip, and press Enter. 4. At the CentOS 6 title screen, click Next. 5. At the Choose an Installation Language screen, select English, and click Next. 6. At the Keyboard Type screen, select U.S. English, and click Next. 7. At the Storage Devices screen, select Basic Storage Devices, and click Next. 8. If a warning for device initialization appears, select Yes, discard any data. 9. At the Name the Computer screen, type the host name, and click Configure Network. 10. At the Network Connections screen, select the server’s main or management network interface, and click Edit. 11. At the Editing network interface screen, check Connect Automatically. 12. On the same screen, Select the IPv4 Settings tab, change the Method to Manual, and click Add. 13. On the same screen, enter the IP address, Netmask, Gateway, and DNS server. Click Apply. 14. Click Close on the Network Connections screen, and click Next on the Name the Computer screen. 15. At the Time zone selection screen, select the appropriate time zone, and click Next. 16. Enter the root password in the Root Password and Confirm fields, and click Next. 17. At the Partition selection screen, select Replace Existing Linux System(s), and click Next. 18. If a warning appears, click Write changes to disk. 19. At the default installation screen, click Next to begin the installation. 20. At the Congratulations screen, click Reboot. 21. After the system reboots, log in as root. 22. Disable SELinux by editing the file /etc/selinux/config, and change the line SELINUX=enforcing to SELINUX=disabled. These changes take effect after rebooting. 23. Update the system using yum: yum update 24. Disable unused services by running the following command-line script: CHK_OFFs="auditd ip6tables iptables netfs postfix qpidd " for i in ${CHK_OFFs}; do chkconfig $i off service $i stop done 25. Enable and configure the cpuspeed service. Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/cpuspeed and modify the line containing GOVERNOR to GOVERNOR=performance. Run this command-line script: chkconfig cpuspeed on service cpuspeed restart Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 7
  • 8. 26. Configure network adapter connected to the DVD Store clients, for example em2, to listen on four IP addresses (aliases). Modify the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em2, changing the line ONBOOT=”no” to ONBOOT=yes, and create the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em2-range0 with this content: ifcfg-em2-range0: IPADDR_START=192.168.3.21 IPADDR_END=192.168.3.24 CLONENUM_START=1 27. Allocate 21000 (about 41GB) standard Hugepages for MySQL by modifying the parameter, vm.nr_hugepages, in the file /etc/sysctl.conf: vm.nr_hugepages=21000 28. Reboot the server: shutdown -r now 29. After the system reboots, log in as root. 30. Create four pairs of disk partitions (one set for each instance of MySQL) for the MySQL data and log files, using, for example, the disk /dev/sdb, whose contents will be destroyed, and is at least 120GB in size. The size of the partitions is 20GB for the data files, and 5GB for the log files. Run this command-line script: parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary "1 20GB" parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary "20GB 40GB" parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary "40GB 60GB" parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary "60GB 80GB" parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary "80GB 85GB" parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary "85GB 90GB" parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary "90GB 95GB" parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary "95GB 100GB" parted /dev/sdb name 1 dat01 parted /dev/sdb name 2 dat02 parted /dev/sdb name 3 dat03 parted /dev/sdb name 4 dat04 parted /dev/sdb name 5 log01 parted /dev/sdb name 6 log02 parted /dev/sdb name 7 log03 parted /dev/sdb name 8 log04 31. Create one more 20GB disk partition to hold the master DVD Store data, used to reset the system before each benchmark run: parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary "100GB 120GB" parted /dev/sdb name 9 ds2 32. Create an ext4 filesystem on each of the nine partitions: for i in $(seq 19); do mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb${i} done Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 8
  • 9. 33. Create mount points for these nine file systems: mkdir /ds2 /mysql mkdir /mysql/{dat,log}0{1,2,3,4} 34. To mount these file systems at boot time, add the following lines to /etc/fstab: /dev/sdb9 /ds2 ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2 /dev/sdb1 /mysql/dat01 ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2 /dev/sdb2 /mysql/dat02 ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2 /dev/sdb3 /mysql/dat03 ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2 /dev/sdb4 /mysql/dat04 ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2 /dev/sdb5 /mysql/log01 ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2 /dev/sdb6 /mysql/log02 ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2 /dev/sdb7 /mysql/log03 ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2 /dev/sdb8 /mysql/log04 ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2 35. Mount them for this session as well: mount /ds2 /mysql/dat* /mysql/log* 36. Install the software packages for Apache Web Server, PHP, and MySQL database as well their dependencies using yum: yum install @web-server @mysql @mysql-client @php php-mysql Installing Apache Web server and PHP on CentOS 6.2 In our testing, the benchmark used up to four independent DVD Store Web sites. The client machines accessed them through one instance of the Apache Web server configured with four virtual hosts listening on TCP port 80 on four separate IP addresses: 192.168.3.21, 192.168.3.22, 192.168.3.23, and 192.168.3.24. 1. Copy the Apache configuration file /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf to /mysql/httpd-template.conf to create a template for the Apache Web server instances. cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /mysql/httpd-template.con 2. For each row in the next table, replace the line in the Apache configuration template (the entry in the left column) with the contents on the right. Original Apache Web Server setting Updated setting KeepAlive Off KeepAlive On KeepAliveTimeout 15 KeepAliveTimeout 2 Listen 80 Listen 192.168.1.2XyZZY:80 #ServerName www.example.com:80 ServerName 191.168.30.2XYZZY AccessFileName .htaccess #AccessFileName .htaccess ErrorLog logs/error_log ErrorLog logs/error0XYZZY_log CustomLog logs/access_log combined CustomLog logs/access0XYZZY_log combined ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" #ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> #<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None # AllowOverride None Options None # Options None Order allow,deny # Order allow,deny Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 9
  • 10. Allow from all # Allow from all </Directory> #</Directory> ReadmeName README.html #ReadmeName README.html HeaderName HEADER.html #HeaderName HEADER.html AddType text/html .shtml #AddType text/html .shtml AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml 3. Insert the following lines at the end of the file /mysql/httpd-template.conf to create the one independent virtual Web sites and to specify how PHP is to connect to the site’s MySQL instance: NameVirtualHost 192.168.3.2XYZZY:80 # separate DVD Stores <VirtualHost 192.168.3.2XYZZY:80> DocumentRoot /www/html0XYZZY php_value mysql.default_socket /mysql/log0XYZZY/mysql.sock php_value mysqli.default_socket /mysql/log0XYZZY/mysql.sock </VirtualHost> 4. Disable unneeded Apache Web Server extensions: cd /etc/httpd/conf.d for i in *conf; do mv ${i} ${i}-orig done mv php.conf-orig php.conf 5. Modify the default PHP configuration file /etc/php.ini. For each row in the following table, replace the line in the PHP configuration file (the entry in the left column) with the contents on the right. Original PHP setting Updated setting error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED error_reporting = E_COMPILE_ERROR|E_ERROR|E_CORE_ERROR date.timezone = date.timezone ='America/New_York' display_errors = Off display_errors = On mysql.default_host = mysql.default_host = localhost mysql.default_user = mysql.default_user = web mysql.default_password = mysql.default_password = web mysqli.default_port = 3306 mysqli.default_port = mysqli.default_user = mysqli.default_user = web mysqli.default_password = mysqli.default_password = web 6. Create the directories that will contain the Web content: mkdir /www mkdir /www/html0{1,2,3,4} mkdir /www/html0{1,2,3,4/ds2 7. Generate the configuration file for each instance by replacing the tag XYZZY with the instance number: for i in 1 2 0 4; do sed "s/XYZZY/$i/g" < /mysql/httpd-template.conf > /mysql/h${i}.conf done Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 10
  • 11. 8. Stop the default Apache Web instance and prevent it from automatically starting : service httpd stop chkconfig httpd on Installing MySQL database on CentOS 6.2 The MySQL database software was installed as part of the operating system installation. We configure four independent instances, and start and stop them from scripts rather than use the init/services mechanism. 1. Stop the default MySQL instance and prevent it from automatically starting: service mysqld stop chkconfig mysqld off 2. The configuration file for each instance will generate from a template. Create the file /mysql/my-template.cnf with the content: [mysql] socket = /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql.sock [mysqld] user = mysql default_storage_engine = InnoDB socket = /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql.sock pid_file = /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql.pid skip-networking large_pages = true key_buffer_size = 32M myisam_recover = FORCE,BACKUP max_allowed_packet = 16M max_connect_errors = 1000000 innodb = FORCE datadir = /mysql/datXYZZY tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M query_cache_type = 0 query_cache_size = 0 max_connections = 20000 thread_cache_size = 50 open_files_limit = 65535 table_definition_cache = 1024 table_open_cache = 2048 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10G innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 innodb_log_group_home_dir = /mysql/logXYZZY innodb_data_home_dir = /mysql/datXYZZY log_error = /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql-error.log log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql-slow.log Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 11
  • 12. default-storage-engine = InnoDB #### from DVD Store installation instructions ft_min_word_len = 3 ft_stopword_file = [mysqldadmin] socket = /mysql/logXYZZY/mysql.sock 3. Generate the configuration file for each instance by replacing the tag XYZZY with the instance number: for i in 01 02 03 04; do sed "s/XYZZY/$i/g" < /mysql/my-template.cnf > /mysql/my-${i}.cnf done 4. Create the script files /mysql/MySQLstart, /mysql/MySQLstop and /mysql/MySQLdata with the following contents: # MySQLstart for i in 01 02 03 04; do echo Starting Instance ${i} sleep 5 mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/my-${i}.cnf --basedir=/usr --user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/dat${i} --socket=/mysql/log${i}/mysql.sock >/dev/null 2>&1 & done # end of MySQLstart # MySQLstop for i in 01 02 03 04; do echo Stopping Instance ${i} mysqladmin -uroot -pPassword1 -S/mysql/log${i}/mysql.sock shutdown done # end of MySQLstop # MySQL Data for i in 01 02 03 04; do mkdir /mysql/{dat,log}${i} >/dev/null 2>&1 rm -rf /mysql/{dat,log}${i}/* cp -rp /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/dat/* /mysql/dat${i} & cp -rp /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/log/* /mysql/log${i} & echo Restoring dataset $i wait chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql/{dat,log}${i} done # end of MySQLdata 5. Create the default MySQL database and user permissions for the first instance: chown mysql:mysql /mysql/dat* /mysql/log* mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/mysql/my-01.cnf --basedir=/usr --user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/dat01 --socket=/mysql/log01/mysql.sock 6. Start one MySQL server and set the user password: Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 12
  • 13. mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/my-01.cnf --basedir=/usr --user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/dat01 --socket=/mysql/log01/mysql.sock mysqladmin -S=/mysql/log01/mysql.sock -uroot password Password1 7. Create one MySQL user with full permissions for the DVD Store workload by starting a mysql shell with the command, mysql -uroot -pPassword1, and then entering the following commands: grant all privileges on *.* to web@lamp001 identified by 'web'; grant all privileges on *.* to web@localhost identified by 'web'; grant all privileges on *.* to web@'%' identified by 'web'; grant all privileges on *.* to 'apache'@'localhost'; delete from mysql.user where User=''; 8. Stop the MySQL server mysqladmin -uroot -pPassword1 -S/mysql/log01/mysql.sock shutdown Installing and configuring DVD Store 2.1 on the Linux server Download the DVD Store 2.1 software from the Dell repository, http://linux.dell.com/dvdstore, to the CentOS server. You need both ds21.tar.gz and ds21_mysql.tar.gz archives. 1. Extract the DVD Store software to the /ds2 file system: cd /ds2 tar zxf ds21.tar.gz tar zxf ds21_mysql.tar.gz 2. Modify the database creation SQL scripts to load the data from the local file system, rather than through the network: cd /ds2/mysqlds2/build cp mysqlds2_create_db.sql mysqlds2_create_db.sql-orig sed -i 's/TYPE=/ENGINE=/g ' sql mysqlds2_create_db.sql cd /ds2/mysqlds2/load for i in */*.sql; do cp ${i} ${i}-orig sed -i 's/ LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE/ LOAD DATA INFILE/' ${i} done 3. Create the master data files for the tests; that is a 10GB DVD Store database for MySQL on Linux: cd /ds2 perl Install_DVDStore.pl 4. Start the first MySQL instance and load the DVD Store data: mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/my-01.cnf --basedir=/usr --user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/dat01 --socket=/mysql/log01/mysql.sock sleep 10 cd /mysql/mysqlds2 sh mysqlds2_create_all.sh Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 13
  • 14. 5. Stop MySQL and copy its data and log file to the gold or master file location to speed resetting DVD Store to its original state: sh /mysql/MySQLstop mkdir /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/dat/ mkdir /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/log cp -rp /mysql/log01/* /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/log & cp -rp /mysql/dat01/* /ds2/MySQL-GOLD/dat 6. Finally, copy the DVD Store Web and PHP files to the three web-root directories: cd /ds2/mysqlds2/web/php5 cp dsnewcustomer.php.sp dsnewcustomer.php cp index.html ds*.php ds*.inc /www/html01/ds2 cp index.html ds*.php ds*.inc /www/html02/ds2 cp index.html ds*.php ds*.inc /www/html03/ds2 cp index.html ds*.php ds*.inc /www/html04/ds2 Configuring the DVD Store client servers Each DVD Store client simulates 24 simultaneous users of one DVD Store Web site. In order to generate an appropriate workload, we assigned two clients to each DVD Store Web site, or 48 simultaneous users. Accordingly, we prepared eight client servers, each running 32-bit Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise with Service Pack 2. We copied the DVD Store Web client for MySQL, ds2webdriver.exe, to the directory c:ds2bin on each client. We created a DVD Store parameter file, params.txt, on each client with the following contents (the target IP address changed to that client’s target Web site): target=<target ip address> n_threads=24 ramp_rate=1 run_time=30 db_size=10GB warmup_time=10 think_time=0 pct_newcustomers=20 n_searches=3 search_batch_size=5 n_line_items=5 virt_dir=ds2 page_type=php windows_perf_host= linux_perf_host= detailed_view=n Testing procedure To perform one test, we used a batch file, which we executed from the client machine. We stored the batch file in the C:ClientShare folder. The testing procedure consisted of the following steps: 1. Execute the batch file. 2. Stop the MySQL services. 3. Delete all prior database files. Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 14
  • 15. 4. Copy all original database files from the backup utility partition. 5. Reboot the server under test. 6. Reboot the client machine. 7. Wait for a ping response from the physical server machine. 8. Wait 10 additional minutes for any background tasks to complete. 9. Mount all necessary partitions. 10. Start the MySQL services. 11. Start the workload ramp up period. 12. Stop the workload. 13. Start the workload. 14. Stop the workload. 15. Copy all output files. Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 15
  • 16. ABOUT PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES We provide industry-leading technology assessment and fact-based marketing services. We bring to every assignment extensive experience with and expertise in all aspects of technology testing and analysis, from researching new technologies, to developing new methodologies, to testing with existing and new tools. Principled Technologies, Inc. 1007 Slater Road, Suite 300 When the assessment is complete, we know how to present the results to a Durham, NC, 27703 www.principledtechnologies.com broad range of target audiences. We provide our clients with the materials they need, from market-focused data to use in their own collateral to custom sales aids, such as test reports, performance assessments, and white papers. Every document reflects the results of our trusted independent analysis. We provide customized services that focus on our clients’ individual requirements. Whether the technology involves hardware, software, Web sites, or services, we offer the experience, expertise, and tools to help our clients assess how it will fare against its competition, its performance, its market readiness, and its quality and reliability. Our founders, Mark L. Van Name and Bill Catchings, have worked together in technology assessment for over 20 years. As journalists, they published over a thousand articles on a wide array of technology subjects. They created and led the Ziff-Davis Benchmark Operation, which developed such industry-standard benchmarks as Ziff Davis Media’s Winstone and WebBench. They founded and led eTesting Labs, and after the acquisition of that company by Lionbridge Technologies were the head and CTO of VeriTest. Principled Technologies is a registered trademark of Principled Technologies, Inc. All other product names are the trademarks of their respective owners. Disclaimer of Warranties; Limitation of Liability: PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. HAS MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO ENSURE THE ACCURACY AND VALIDITY OF ITS TESTING, HOWEVER, PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, RELATING TO THE TEST RESULTS AND ANALYSIS, THEIR ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS OR QUALITY, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ALL PERSONS OR ENTITIES RELYING ON THE RESULTS OF ANY TESTING DO SO AT THEIR OWN RISK, AND AGREE THAT PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC., ITS EMPLOYEES AND ITS SUBCONTRACTORS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FROM ANY CLAIM OF LOSS OR DAMAGE ON ACCOUNT OF ANY ALLEGED ERROR OR DEFECT IN ANY TESTING PROCEDURE OR RESULT. IN NO EVENT SHALL PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH ITS TESTING, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.’S LIABILITY, INCLUDING FOR DIRECT DAMAGES, EXCEED THE AMOUNTS PAID IN CONNECTION WITH PRINCIPLED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.’S TESTING. CUSTOMER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES ARE AS SET FORTH HEREIN. Dell PowerEdge C6220: Performance for large infrastructures A Principled Technologies test report 16