Real time heart monitoring system

REAL TIME HEART MONITORING SYSTEM
DE/TD Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
of
DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE
by
Shashank Kapoor
Under the supervision of
Dr. R S Sharma
Professor
2017-2018
Faculty of Engineering
Dayalbagh Educational Institute
Dayalbagh, Agra 282005

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REAL TIME HEART MONITORING SYSTEM
DE/TD Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
of
DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE
by
Shashank Kapoor
Under the supervision of
Dr. R S Sharma
Reader
2017-2018
Faculty of Engineering
Dayalbagh, Agra 282005

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Design Engineering /Theme Development Project
work reported in the dissertation entitled ―REAT TIME HEART
MONITORING SYSTEM” submitted by Shashank Kapoor in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology to the Dayalbagh Educational Institute, is a record of the
bonafide work carried out under my supervision. Further, that the matter in
this report has not been submitted to any other University/Institute for the
award of any degree or diploma.
Dayalbagh (Dr. RAHUL SWARUP SHARMA)
10.3.2018 Reader,Faculty of Engineering

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This is to place on record our appreciation and deep gratitude to the people
without whose support this project would never see the light today. We wish
to express our propound sense of gratitude to prof. S.K. Gaur, Dean, Faculty
of Engineering, D.E.I. for his guidance, encouragement, and for all facilities
to complete this project. We express our thanks to Prof. V. soami Das, In-
charge of DE/TD, Department of Mechanical Engineering, D.E.I. For
extending his help. We have immense pleasure in expressing our thanks and
deep gratitude to our guide Dr. Rahul Swarup Sharma, Department of
mechanical Engineering, D.E.I. for his guidance throughout this project.
This project has been supported by Faculty of Engineering, Dayalbagh
Educational Institute under TEQIP -III grant for promoting student startup,
innovation and research activity. At last we express our sincere gratitude to
all the faculty members, lab instructors and our friends who contributed their
valuable advice and helped to complete this project successfully.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Subject Page
Table of contents……………………………………………………... .5
Table of Figures…………………………………………………….... 6
Abstract………………………………………………………………...7
Introduction……………………………………………………….........9
DE/TD Methodology....…………………………………………….....11
DE/TD Process Flow……………….……………………………....…18
Summarize Systematic Procedure…………………………………….19
Experimental Study…………………………………………………....20
Circuit Diagram………………………………………………………. 21
System Architecture……………………….……………………..…… 28
Hardware Infrastructure…………………………………...…… 28
Software Infrastructure………………………….…………….. .33
Operating Procedure……….…………………………………………..37
Bill of Materials……………………………………………………… . 40
Conclusion..………………………………...…………………………. 41
References………..………………………………………………….…42

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TABLE OF FIGURES
Fig. No Description Page
1. Standard phase of heart rhythm 8
2. DE/TD Process Flow-chart 18
3. General Electrocardiogram machine 20
4. Limb leads and augmented Limb leads 22
5. Different phases of Heart waves 24
6. Graphical presentation of Heart waves 26
7. Circuit diagram of project 27
8. Real Time Heart Monitoring System 28
9. Heart sensor module 29
10. Arduino mega 2560 29
11. Bread Board 30
12. Bluetooth Sensor 31
13. Jumper Wire 31
14. Nextion Display 32
15. Surgical Electrode pad 33
16. Showing Electrode placing position 37
17. Connection between Ad8232 and Electrode 38
18. Connection between Arduino and Computer 38
19. Showing Heart waves on Computer Screen 39

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ABSTRACT
Electrocardiography is the process of recording the electrical activity of
the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin. These
electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from
the heartmuscle's electrophysiologic patternof depolarizing and repolarizing
during each heartbeat. It is a very commonly performed cardiology test.
Our project is to based on ECG for detecting the Heart waves. The
professional machine consist of 12 – electrodes, ten electrodes are placed on
the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of
the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles
("leads") and is recorded over a period of time (usually ten seconds). In this
way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical
depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The
graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical
procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram. Since our project consist of
3- electrode, two electrode are placed on arms and other on the thigh of the
leg for detecting electrical potential from three different angles providing
the 99.5% the accurate reading.
During each heartbeat, a healthy heart has an orderly progression of
depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads
out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into
the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers, spreading down and to the left
throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to
the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a
large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function
of its electrical conduction system.[5]
Among other things, an ECG can be

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used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of
the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or
conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of
implanted pacemakers.[6]
Fig 1: ECG of a heart in normal sinus rhythm

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INTRODUCTION
In current scenario, there is an immense need to use medical devices
effectively to address the huge gap between demand and supply of
healthcare services in India. The medical devices sector in India is at a
nascent stage with most of the indigenous manufacturing restricted to
medical consumables. In true sense, imports still constitute over 75% of the
current medical devices market. India is looking forward to improving self-
sufficiency in medical devices as a part of the ―Make in India‖ initiative.
The rapidly expanding sector presents immense opportunities to local
manufacturers and startups as well global players. There is a big shift in
health burden from communicable to non-communicable diseases, which in
turn is driving key medical devices segment. There is a huge demand for
both cutting-edge precision technologies as well as affordable low
technology. The Indian medical device innovation ecosystem is fast
evolving with academic research, venture capital firms, government funding,
and promising startups which are developing products specifically for the
Indian market. Innovation is a transforming force across the industry to
propel growth, improving value, creating sustainable business opportunities,
and expanding ―Make in India‖ drive.
Medical healthcare industry is known to be a slow adaptor of new
technology application due to its fragmented and highly complex system.
But in today‘s era of the smart and connected world, medical healthcare
world is all set to get transformed for delivering connected care solutions. As
per the research healthcare in IoT will be spending approximately $1 trillion
per year by 2025. There will be 25 to 50 billion connected devices by 2025,
and healthcare will have a huge share in it. Thanks to Internet of Things

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(IoT) by monitoring health 24 hours a day, seven days a week, new
technology should dramatically improve patient outcomes and convenience
and shrink costs.

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DESIGN ENGINEERING /THEME DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGY
1. Realization of Need
 The design process starts with a need stated by sponsors.
 Society, Community, group or Individual feels the need for a
device, machine or structure.
 Certain objectives are to be achieved (Performance ,Cost
,Time)
 A need may be recognized or realized.
2. Problem Formulation
 Designer‘s problem statement.
 Problem should be stated in the most general way.
 Problem statement should not suggest any solution ,e.g.
 There exists need to cross the river
 There exists a need to clean dirty clothes
 There a need for cool drinking water
3. Need Analysis
(A). Analyze in detail what is to do be done –
 What is to be accomplished ?
 What are the existing devices or method of doing this?
 How will the proposed device be better ?(It will save
time /labor, it will be cheaper, it will be more
efficient…)

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 Will there be a demand for the devices?
 Who will be the users ? Their likes ,dislikes and needs?
 Will the device meet the need of potential users?
(B). What will be the wants of the users?
-Ease of operation
-Safety
-Relaibility
-Ease of use (ergonomic requirements)
-Portability
-Comfort in use
(C). Activity Analysis:
 Identify inputs and outputs of the system
 Desirable and undesirable inputs and outputs
 Restrictions on inputs ,outputs and system
(environmental)
 Must and must not‘s
 Interaction between subsystems and components
 Interaction between system and environment
(desirable/undesirable), e.g. Computer room
(D). Target Objectives and Design Specifications:
 Identify desirable objectives (WANTS) (performance,
cost, time…)
 Identify restrictions on input and output
 Use trade off of objectives
(E) Develop the general philosophy of design
Generation of Large number of solution (Design Concepts)

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 Analyzein detail what is to be accomplished
 Various steps for achieving it
 What are the different functions
 How to do them
 What physical devices will effectively accomplish the
functions
 How was it done before
 How was the manual operation done
 Can it be mechanized
 What will be the difficulties
 How can we overcome these difficulties
 How can we overcome these difficulties
 Think of as many ways as possible of accomplishing the
functions
4. Use Design Methods to create ideas
 Brain storming
 Check lists
 Morphological analysis
Rules for brain storming
 Idea hunting by groups
 Group is formed of 5-10 people from connected fields
 Leader puts the problem before the group
 Ideas may be given by all members , ‗wider the better‘

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 Leader should prevent members from passing comments
(impossible, impractical ……)
 Write down all ideas
 Combine ideas for improvement
 Quality is wanted
 Sum up ideas and list/ tabulate them
5. Screen for feasibility
i. Check all ideas for feasibility ,one by one
a. Physical Reliability
 Will it work under the circumstances, when made?
 Can it be developed into a successful design?
 What is the probability (of success) under the constraints
of time and money?
 What are the sub problems –can these be solves
satisfactorily
b. Technical feasibility
 Are any natural being violated ?
 Will the accepted performance levels be adequate
 Can it be made with the talent ,skill facilities, knowhow,
and machinery available ?
 Is the raw material available continuously and easily ?
 Are the MUSTS satisfied ?
 Can it be Serviced, Replaced, repaired easily?
 Is it foolproof?

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 Is there adaptability to change ?
c. Social Acceptability
 Is it easy to use?
 Will it be acceptable to the body and minds of the people
(ergonomics considerations)
 Does it produce noise ,pollution ,harmful effects, bad
smell, etc.?
 Will society accept it?
 Is it safe for the users?
d. Economic Viability
 What will be the cost?
 Will it have economic advantage for the users?
 Will there be demand for it at the cost stated?
 Will it earn profits?
e. Financial Feasibility
 What resources are needed for its design, development,
and manufacture on commercial basis?
 Can it be made under the constraints of available finance?
ii. Eliminate ideas and concepts which are impossible and having
 Low physical reliability
 Poor technical Feasibility
 Socially unacceptable

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 Too high cost
 High and unobtainable finance
iii. Find utility of the remaining concepts
iv. Find the best solution based on high physical Reliability
and high utility
6. Preliminary Design
 System Conceptualization – think of the physical systems
required to accomplish different functions as per the
finally selected design concept.
 System Synthesis –interconnection between subsystems.
 Compatibility Analysis –Each subsystem should be
compatible with other subsystems.
 Sensitive Analysis –response of system to various
parameters (e.g. change of one parameters (e.g. change of
one parameter may affect the entire System.
 Formal Optimization – for best design ,for best
performance .
 Simplification –minimum number of parts complex design
Detailed Design
 Sketch mechanism for different functions
 Dtermine shape ,size of parts based on the basis of function
, strength, production requirements
 Assembly requirements

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 Design for
 Economical production of parts
 Ease of assemble
 Ease of operation
 Ease of use
 Ease of cleaning .maintenance ,repair and replacement
 Ease of packing ,shipping
 Ease of availability of parts and components
 Pleasing appearance
 Prepare drawings
 Assembly drawings to show all parts and their
interconnection
 Construction details
 Detailed drawings
Fabrications and testing
 Prepare operation sequence for fabricated parts.
 Assemble the prototype and test
 Observe the extent to which the need has been satisfied.

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Fig 2:
DE/TD Process
Flow-chart
Sponsor‘s communication OR
Realization of need
Preliminary Need Statement
Need analysis
Generation of Design Ideas
(Proposing Design Concepts)
Evaluation
Design Development
Evaluation
Detailed Design
Implementation and testing
Objective
Activity Analysis
Design Specification
Physical Relibility
Financial Feasibility
Economical Visibility
Design for production
Design for use
Marketing
Formal Optimization
Component Drawing
Optimization
Standardization

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SUMMARIZED SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE
a. Designing
1. Searching and mapping problems
2. Doing Background Research and brain storming Solutions
3. Zeroing onto a single problem and its proposed Solutions
4. Undertaking a local survey to find out the need ,relevance
,feasibility, sale-ability and expectations from the proposed
solutions
5. Finalizing the solution and creating a basic design for the prototype
.
b. Fabrication
1. Conceiving the required logic and implementing it into software
programming.
2. Exploring and deciding on hardware components
3. Developing the prototype.
4. Testing and rebuilding.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
The overall goal of performing electrocardiography is to obtain information
about the structure and function of the heart. Medical uses for this
information are varied and generally relate to having a need for knowledge
of the structure and/or function.
The fundamental component to electrocardiograph machine is
the Instrumentation amplifier, which is responsible for taking the voltage
difference between leads (see below) and amplifying the signal. ECG
voltages measured across the body are on the order of hundreds of
microvolts up to 1 millivolt (the small square on a standard ECG is 100
microvolts). This low voltage necessitates a low noise circuit and
instrumentation amplifiers are key.
Earlier the machines are bulky and not portable whereas now days as well
my project are small, wearable as well as portable.
Fig 3. Electrocardiography Machine

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A "lead" is not the same as an "electrode". Whereas an electrode is a
conductive pad in contact with the body that makes an electrical circuit with
the electrocardiograph, a lead is a connector to an electrode. Since leads can
share the same electrode, a standard 3-lead EKG happens to need only 1
electrode as listed:-
 RA -On the right arm, avoiding thick muscle.
 LA-In the same location where RA was placed, but on the left arm.
 RL-On the right leg, lower end of medial aspect of calf muscle.
(Avoid bony prominences)
 LL-On the left leg ,sometimes taken RL equal to LL in 3 –electrode
system.
The common lead, Wilson's central terminal VW, is produced by averaging
the measurements from the electrodes RA, LA, and LL to give an average
potential across the body:
Vw= (RA+LA+LL)
In a 12-lead ECG, all leads except the limb leads are unipolar (aVR, aVL,
aVF, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6). The measurement of a voltage requires two
contacts and so, electrically, the unipolar leads are measured from the
common lead (negative) and the unipolar lead (positive). This averaging for
the common lead and the abstract unipolar lead concept makes for a more
challenging understanding and is complicated by sloppy usage of "lead" and
"electrode".

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Limb Lead :-
Leads I, II and III are called the limb leads. The electrodes that form these
signals are located on the limbs—one on each arm and one on the left
leg. The limb leads form the points of what is known as Einthoven's triangle.

Lead I is the voltage between the (positive) left arm (LA) electrode
and right arm (RA) electrode:
I= LA-RA
 Lead II is the voltage between the (positive) left leg (LL) electrode
and the right arm (RA) electrode:
II=LL-RA
 Lead III is the voltage between the (positive) left leg (LL) electrode
and the left arm (LA) electrode:
III=LL-LA
Fig 4: The limb leads and augmented limb leads

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Augmented limb leads:-
Leads aVR, aVL, and aVF are the augmented limb leads. They are derived
from the same three electrodes as leads I, II, and III, but they use
Goldberger's central terminal as their negative pole. Goldberger's central
terminal is a combination of inputs from two limb electrodes, with a
different combination for each augmented lead. It is referred to immediately
below as "the negative pole".
 Lead augmented vector right (aVR)' has the positive electrode on the
right arm. The negative pole is a combination of the left arm electrode
and the left leg electrode:
aVR=RA- (LA+LL) = (RA-Vw)
 Lead augmented vector left (aVL) has the positive electrode on the
left arm. The negative pole is a combination of the right arm electrode
and the left leg electrode:
 Lead augmented vector foot (aVF) has the positive electrode on the
left leg. The negative pole is a combination of the right arm electrode
and the left arm electrode:

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 Together with leads I, II, and III, augmented limb leads aVR, aVL,
and aVF form the basis of the hexaxial reference system, which is
used to calculate the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane.
Theory:-
Interpretation of the ECG is ultimately that of pattern recognition. In order to
understand the patterns found, it is helpful to understand the theory of what
ECGs represent. The theory is rooted in electromagnetics and boils down to
the four following points:
 depolarization of the heart toward the positive electrode produces a
positive deflection
 depolarization of the heart away from the positive electrode produces a
negative deflection
 repolarization of the heart toward the positive electrode produces a
negative deflection
 repolarization of the heart away from the positive electrode produces a
positive deflection
Fig 5.

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Thus, the overall direction of depolarization and repolarization produces a
vector that produces positive or negative deflection on the ECG depending
on which lead it points to. For example, depolarizing from right to left would
produce a positive deflection in lead I because the two vectors point in the
same direction. In contrast, that same depolarization would produce minimal
deflection in V1 and V2 because the vectors are perpendicular and this
phenomenon is called isoelectric.
Normal rhythm produces four entities — a P wave, a QRS complex, a T
wave, and a U wave — that each have a fairly unique pattern.
 The P wave represents atrial depolarization.
 The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization.
 The T wave represents ventricular repolarization.
 The U wave represents papillary muscle repolarization.
However, the U wave is not typically seen and its absence is generally
ignored. Changes in the structure of the heart and its surroundings (including
blood composition) change the patterns of these four entities.
Electrocardiogram grid:-
ECGs are normally printed on a grid. The horizontal axis represents time and
the vertical axis represents voltage. The standard values on this grid are
shown in the adjacent image:
 A small box is 1 mm x 1 mm big and represents 0.1 mV x 0.04 seconds.
 A large box is 5 mm x 5mm big and represents 0.5 mV x 0.2 seconds
wide.
The "large" box is represented by a heavier line weight than the small boxes.

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Fig 6.
Not all aspects of an ECG rely on precise recordings or having a known
scaling of amplitude or time. For example, determining if the tracing is a
sinus rhythm only requires feature recognition and matching, and not
measurement of amplitudes or times (i.e., the scale of the grids are
irrelevant). An example to the contrary, the voltage requirements of left
ventricular hypertrophy require knowing the grid scale.

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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Our System is a physical interconnection of components, or parts that
gathers various amounts of information together, computation and
processing to get the desired results. These systems consist of the Hardware
as well as the software parts, which contribute it into form the stable system.
Fig 8.
Hardware components :-
 Ad8232 Sensor
 Arduino Mega 2560 (ADK)
 Bread Board
 Bluetooth Sensor
 Jumper wire
 Nextion display 2.4‖
 Surgical Electrode.

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AD8232-Heart Sensor
Fig 9.
The AD8232 is an integrated signal conditioning block for ECG and other
biopotential measurement applications. It is designed to extract, amplify, and
filter small biopotential signals in the presence of noisy conditions, such as
those created by motion or remote electrode placement. This design allows
for an ultralow power analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or an embedded
microcontroller to acquire the output signal easily.
Arduino Mega
Fig 10.

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Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple
i/o board and a development environment. The Arduino Mega is a
microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital
input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog
inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery
to get started.
Bread Board
Fig 11.
A breadboard is a solderless device for temporary prototype with electronics
and test circuit designs. Most electronic components in electronic circuits
can be interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the holes and
then making connections through wires where appropriate. The breadboard
has strips of metal underneath the board and connect the holes on the top of
the board. The metal strips are laid out as shown below. Note that the top
and bottom rows of holes are connected horizontally and split in the middle
while the remaining holes are connected vertically.

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Bluetooth sensor HC-05
Fig 12.
Bluetooth is a wireless communication protocol used to communicate over
short distances. It is used for low power, low cost wireless data
transmission applications over 2.4 – 2.485 GHz (unlicensed) frequency
band.
Jumper Wire
Fig 13.
Jumper wire is an electrical wire or group of them in a cable with a
connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them – simply "tinned"),

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which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or
other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or
components, without soldering.
Nextion Display
Fig 14.
Nextion display is basically the TFT touch display use for representing data.
It contain thin-film transistor (TFT) is a special kind of field-effect
transistor made by depositing thin films of an active semiconductor layer as
well as the dielectric layer and metallic contacts over a supporting (but non-
conducting) substrate. A common substrate is glass, because the primary
application of TFTs is in liquid-crystal displays. This differs from the
conventional transistor, where the semiconductor material typically is the
substrate, such as a silicon wafer.

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Surgical Electrode
Fig 15.
These pads contains the gel containing potassium chloride sodium
chloride or may be silver chloride. These are the active sites for
fetching data from the patient body due to the fluctuation of
potential sites in nerve signals.
Software Components :-
The basic programming is done in c-language embedded in Arduino mega
controller on Arduino IDE and for display purposes we have used
processing software and programmed it to display of the data as well on the
computer screen.
Arduino Codes
*********************************************************
const int numReadings = 10;
int readings[numReadings]; // the readings from the analog input
int readIndex = 0; // the index of the current reading
int total = 0; // the running total
int average = 0; // the average

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int inputPin = A0;
void setup() {
// initialize the serial communication:
Serial.begin(9600); // Serial.begin(38400); //In some case of Bluetooth
pinMode(10, INPUT); // Setup for leads off detection LO +
pinMode(11, INPUT); // Setup for leads off detection LO -
for (int thisReading = 0; thisReading < numReadings; thisReading++) {
readings[thisReading] = 0;
}
}
void loop() {
if((digitalRead(10) == 1)||(digitalRead(11) == 1)){
Serial.println('!');
}
else{
// send the value of analog input 0:
total = total - readings[readIndex];
// read from the sensor:
readings[readIndex]=analogRead(inputPin);
total = total + readings[readIndex];
// advance to the next position in the array:
readIndex = readIndex + 1;
// if we're at the end of the array...
if (readIndex >= numReadings) {
// ...wrap around to the beginning:
readIndex = 0;
}
average = total / numReadings;
Serial.println(average);
}
//Wait for a bit to keep serial data from saturating
delay(1);
}

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Processing Codes
*********************************************************
import processing.serial.*;
Serial myPort; // The serial port
int xPos = 1; // horizontal position of the graph
float height_old = 0;
float height_new = 0;
float inByte = 0;
void setup () {
// set the window size:
size(1000, 400);
// List all the available serial ports
println(Serial.list());
// Open whatever port is the one you're using.
myPort = new Serial(this, Serial.list()[0], 9600);
// don't generate a serialEvent() unless you get a newline character:
myPort.bufferUntil('n');
// set inital background:
background(0xff);
}
void draw () {
// everything happens in the serialEvent()
}
void serialEvent (Serial myPort) {
// get the ASCII string:
String inString = myPort.readStringUntil('n');
if (inString != null) {
// trim off any whitespace:
inString = trim(inString);
// If leads off detection is true notify with blue line
if (inString.equals("!")) {
stroke(0, 0, 0xff); //Set stroke to blue ( R, G, B)
inByte = 512; // middle of the ADC range (Flat Line)
}
// If the data is good let it through

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else {
stroke(0xff, 0, 0); //Set stroke to red ( R, G, B)
inByte = float(inString);
}
//Map and draw the line for new data point
inByte = map(inByte, 0, 1023, 0, height);
height_new = height - inByte;
line(xPos - 1, height_old, xPos, height_new);
height_old = height_new;
// at the edge of the screen, go back to the beginning:
if (xPos >= width) {
xPos = 0;
background(0xff);
}
else {
// increment the horizontal position:
xPos++;
}
}
}
*************************************************************

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OPERATING PROCEDURE
The standard electrocardiograph machine has highly complex and there
operating procedure too therefore they need the skill person to operate them
successfully .
Our project is simple to use, reliable and accurate therefore any
unskilled person uses it without any hurdle by following these given step:-
Step I:- Placed the electrode in the right arm ,left arm and on to the left
thigh of patient body.
Fig 16.
StepII:- Connect the electrode through connecting wire to the Sensor
module Ad8232.(Shown with finger )

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Fig 17.
StepIII:- Connect the Arduino to the Computer through the USB Serial
interface cable. (Shown with red arrow)
Fig 18.

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Step IV:- Checked that you have Arduino pre-installed . Open the Arduino
IDE. Go to the tool bar select the board and COM port. Again click the tool
bar open serial plotter and your data is live in front of you!!
Fig 19.

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BILL OF MATERIAL
S.No. Material Quantity
1. Ad8232 Heart Module 1
2. Arduino Mega 2560 1
3. Bread Board 1
4. Male to Male jumper wires 20
5. 2.4‖ Nextion display 1
6. Acrylic Sheet 2X2 ft
7. Bluetooth module HC-05 1
8. Heart Electrode 3
9. Battery 9 volt 1
10. ATmega 328/P 1
11. PCB board 1
12. Resistors and capacitors ----
13. 16 Mhz crystal oscillator 1
14. Esp8266 1
15. Atmega 328/P Socket 1

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CONCLUSION
Real time Heart Monitoring System is probably one of the most important
advances in cardiograph monitoring. Since of its small size higher accuracy
and easy to use made it more reliable among the Heart specialist. Over the
last 15 years, numerous studies have focused on the technical aspects of
Heart monitoring and found that these instruments have a reasonable degree
of accuracy. This degree of accuracy, coupled with the ease of operation of
most instruments, has led to the widespread use of Heart monitoring of
patients in the ICU. Perhaps the major challenge facing Heart devices is
whether this technology can be incorporated effectively into diagnostic and
management algorithms that can improve the efficiency of clinical
management in the intensive care unit.

42
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3
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