OPERANT CONDITIONING
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Operant conditioning is a learning method that associates behavior with rewards and punishments, as demonstrated by B.F. Skinner's experiments using the operant conditioning chamber, or Skinner box. It comprises components such as positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment, each influencing behavior in different ways. Examples illustrate how behaviors can be encouraged or discouraged through these methods in everyday situations.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
- 1. NAME-A. ASVANTH NAVIS TOPIC - OPERANT CONDITIONING ST.XAVIER’S COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, PALAYAMKOTTAI-02
- 3. WHAT IS OPERANT CONDITIONING ? Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an individual makes an association between a particular behavior and a consequence . TCP PRESENTO-2020
- 4. EXAMPLE OF OPERANT CONDITIONING If you give your student after he finishes his homework, he is likely to do the homework the next time. TCP PRESENTO-2020
- 6. BURRHUS FREDERIC (B.F.) SKINNER (MARCH 20,1904 – AUGUST 18, 1990) He was an American psychologist, behaviourist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. He was the professor of psychology at Harvard university from 1958 until his retirement in 1974. TCP PRESENTO-2020
- 8. SKINNER’S EXPERIMENT: He created a device known as an operant conditioning chamber, most often referred to today as a Skinner box. The chamber was essentially a box that could hold a small animal such as a rat or pigeon. The box also contained a bar or key that the animal could press in order to receive a reward. In order to track responses, Skinner also developed a device known as a cumulative recorder. The device recorded responses as an upward movement of a line so that response rates could be read by looking at the slope of the line. TCP PRESENTO-2020
- 11. COMPONENTS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT POSITIVE PUNISHMENT NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT TCP PRESENTO-2020
- 12. POSITIVE REINFORCERS Positive reinforcers are favorable events or outcomes that are presented after the behavior. In situations that reflect positive reinforcement, a response or behavior is strengthened by the addition of something, such as praise or a direct reward TCP PRESENTO-2020
- 13. NEGATIVE REINFORCES Negative reinforcers involve the removal of an unfavorable events or outcomes after the display of a behavior. In these situations, a response is strengthened by the removal of something considered unpleasant.. TCP PRESENTO-2020
- 14. POSITIVE PUNISHMENT Positive punishment, sometimes referred to as punishment by application, presents an unfavorable event or outcome in order to weaken the response it follows. Spanking for misbehavior is an example of punishment by application. TCP PRESENTO-2020
- 15. NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT Negative punishment, also known as punishment by removal, occurs when a favorable event or outcome is removed after a behavior occurs. Taking away a child's video game following misbehavior is an example of negative punishment. TCP PRESENTO-2020
- 16. examples of operant conditioning in action: If your child acts out during a shopping trip, you might give him a treat to get him to be quiet. Because you have positively reinforced the misbehavior, he will probably be more likely to act out again in the future in order to receive another treat. After performing in a community theater play, you receive applause from the audience. This acts as a positive reinforcer inspiring you to try out for more performance roles. TCP PRESENTO-2020