Writing - Part of Speech
- 1. WRITING FOR GENERAL COMMUNICATION Part of Speech By Tuti Alwiyah, M.Pd
- 2. What is Part of Speech? Part of speech is the type of words which is used to compose a sentence into a coherent sentence and gives the appropriate meaning. There are some class of word, they are: 1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Verb 4. Adjective 5. Adverb 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction 8. Interjection 2
- 3. Noun is a word used to describe people, things, places, including something abstract ones. All types of words that refer to objects are categorized as nouns. Here are the categories of nouns: ◉ Countable noun (Something you can count, followed by are / +s/es/ies) Example : Cars, books, phones, girls, people, buildings, movies, etc ◉ Uncountable noun (Something you can’t count, followed by is and has units) Example : Sugar, food, money, water, oil, sand, cement, pepper, flour, etc ◉ Common noun (General things) Example : Country, vegetables, animals, vehicles, occupations, flowers, etc Noun! 3
- 4. ◉ Proper noun (Specific things) Example : Indonesia, carrot, cat, airplane, carpenter, carnation, etc ◉ Abstract noun (Express an idea, concept, feeling, state, trait, or character) Example : Imagination, idea, feeling, air, gas, sound, light, etc ◉ Concrete noun (Form of material or tangible) Example : Table, stone, house, ground, wood, jar, etc ◉ Collective noun (Group of things) Example : Furniture, instruments, class, gank, band, etc Noun! 4
- 5. Pronoun! Used to replace a noun and is useful to avoid the repetition of using a noun. 1 5
- 6. Kinds of Pronoun! 6 Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun I Me My Mine Myself You You Your Yours Yourself We Us Our Ours Ourselves They Them Their Theirs Themselves He Him His His Himself She Her Her Hers Herself It it Its (Not Used) Itself
- 7. The Verb is used to express an action in a sentence. There is a main verb and sometimes one or more helping verbs. Here are the categories of nouns: ◉ Regular verb (+d/ed/ied) : cooked, watched, walked, played, washed, baked, cried, denied, etc ◉ Irregular verb : Ate, drank, swam, slept, bought, said, went, did, etc ◉ Action verb : Jump, run, dance, grow, move, take, bring, work, eat, drink, etc ◉ Stative verb : Adore, deserve, forgive, miss, hate, wait, impress, sound, look, etc Verb! 7
- 8. Examples of Pronoun ◉ The new student will arrive today. They will need a seating assignment and a name tag. ◉ My family loves Cookies. We make them every Friday for movie night. ◉ Your house is always decorated so nicely. ◉ She forgot her jacket, so I gave her mine. ◉ The tickets are ours. ◉ This is Sarah's English book. Have you seen her French book? ◉ Are you talking to yourself? ◉ Ken looked at himself in the mirror. ◉ I hurt myself yesterday when we were playing cricket. 8
- 9. Adjective is a word used to describe a noun or pronoun. Example : Strong, weak, diligent, lazy, smart, georgeous, brilliant, humble, easy going, stubborn, ignorant, etc. ◉ My house is big. ◉ She has a beautiful hair. ◉ The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my! ◉ She wore a beautiful dress. ◉ Ben is an adorable baby. ◉ Linda’s hair is gorgeous. Adjective! 9
- 10. An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a noun. ◉ Adverb of time : now, recently, early, tonight, yesterday, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, etc ◉ Adverb of manner : Slowly, carefully, directly, quickly, seriously, rapidly, clearly, etc ◉ Adverb of frequency : Always, rarely, daily, often, never, usually, sometimes, etc ◉ Adverb of place : Behind, beside, next to, around, somewhere, nearby, here, outside, on, under, etc ◉ Adverb of Degree : Very, too, extremely, much, more, most, little, less, incredibly, totally, greatly, hardly, deeply, etc. Adverb! 10
- 11. ◉ She always arrives early. ◉ He drives carefully. ◉ They go everywhere together. ◉ She eats slowly. ◉ It is terribly hot ◉ She passed the exam easily. ◉ They walk quickly to catch the train. ◉ The dinner party went badly. ◉ John answered the question correctly. Example of Adverb! 11
- 12. Preposition! Prepositions indicate relationships between other words in a sentence. Many prepositions tell you where something is or when something happened. Most prepositions have several definitions, so the meaning changes quite a bit in different contexts. Ending a sentence with a preposition is not a grammatical error. Ex: In/ Inside, On, at, near, under, over, below, above, round/around, through, among, by, next to, beside, during, between, behind, in front of, into, out of, from… to, towards, etc Some prepositions form pairs of opposites, for example: Up and Down, Into and Out Of, Over and above, under and below, in front of and Behind 12
- 13. Examples of Preposition! 13 We will be meeting on Friday. The supermarket will be closed from 9 p.m. to 9 a.m. We have been asked to work from home until the end of May. The whole country was asked to stay home during the pandemic to ensure safety and well-being. I have kept the book I borrowed from you on the table. Henry hide behind the door. The dog jumped over the fence. Can you place the red roses in between the white daisies? He was waiting in front of the EB office. When will Salvia be returning from London? Neena lives across the street. Make sure you keep all the toys back in its place after you play. I lay on the floor for a really long time.
- 14. Conjunction! 14 A conjunction is a part of speech that is used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Conjunctions are considered to be invariable grammar particle, and they may or may not stand between items they conjoin. And As Because But For Just as Or Neither Nor Not only So Whether Yet I tried to hit the nail but hit my thumb instead. I have two goldfish and a cat. I bought a new bag for my upcoming trip. You can have peach ice cream or a brownie sundae. Neither the black dress nor the gray one looks right on me. My dad always worked hard so we could afford the things we wanted. I try very hard in school yet I am not receiving good grades.
- 15. ◉ Arrgh, I have many mistakes. ◉ Eew, what is it? ◉ Ooouch, I cut my finger! ◉ Wow! That is a great idea! ◉ Oh, what a beautiful house! ◉ Uh-oh, this looks bad. ◉ Well, it's time to say good night. ◉ Actually, um, it's not my dog. ◉ Shoot. I thought I'd fixed that. ◉ I can't believe I lost the key! Ugh! Interjection! 15 An interjection is a word or phrase that is grammatically independent from the words around it, and mainly expresses feeling rather than meaning. Interjections are common in speech and are much more common in electronic messages than in other types of writing. Oh!, Hah!, No!, Ough!, Owh!, Ouch!, Hush!, Ssst!, Oh God!, Damn it!, Well!, Bravo!, Binggo!, Thank God!, etc. Interjection!
- 16. THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!