Part of speech
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This document provides an overview of the 8 major parts of speech in English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, and interjection. For each part of speech, definitions and examples are given. Additionally, different types or kinds of each part of speech are defined, such as common vs proper nouns, transitive vs intransitive verbs, adverbs of manner vs time, etc.
Part of speech
- 1. Parts of Speech Delta Module One
- 2. Overview In the English language, words can be considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of speech. This presentation will offer definitions and examples for the 8 major parts of speech in English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition , and interjection.
- 3. Noun This part of a speech refers to words that are used to name persons, things, animals, places, ideas, or events. Nouns are the simplest among the 8 parts of speech, which is why they are the first ones taught to students in primary school.Examples: • Tom Hanks is very versatile. • Dogs can be extremely cute. • It is my birthday.
- 4. Kinds of nouns • Proper– proper nouns always start with a capital letter and refers to specific names of persons, places, or things. Examples: Volkswagen Beetle, Shakey’s Pizza, Game of Thrones • Common– common nouns are the opposite of proper nouns. These are just generic names of persons, things, or places. Examples: car, pizza parlor, TV series • Concrete– this kind refers to nouns which you can perceive through your five senses. Examples: folder, sand, board • Abstract- unlike concrete nouns, abstract nouns are those which you can’t perceive through your five senses. Examples: happiness, grudge, bravery • Count– it refers to anything that is countable, and has a singular and plural form. Examples: kitten, video, ball • Mass– this is the opposite of count nouns. Mass nouns are also called non-countable nouns, and they need to have “counters” to quantify them. Examples of Counters: kilo, cup, meter Examples of Mass Nouns: rice, flour, garter • Collective– refers to a group of persons, animals, or things. Example: faculty (group of teachers), class (group of students), pride (group of lions)
- 5. Pronoun A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun. Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, and ours. • Janice is a very stubborn child. She just stared at me and when I told her to stop. • The largest slice is mine. • We are number one.
- 6. Kinds of pronouns • Personal pronouns (e.g., he, they) • Demonstrative pronouns (e.g., this, these) • Interrogative pronouns (e.g., which, who) • Indefinite pronouns (e.g., none, several) • Possessive pronouns (e.g., his, your) • Reciprocal pronouns (e.g., each other, one another) • Relative pronouns (e.g., which, where) • Reflexive pronouns (e.g., itself, himself) • Intensive pronouns (e.g., itself, himself)
- 7. Adjective This part of a speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can specify the quality, the size, and the number of nouns or pronouns. • The carvings are intricate. • I have two hamsters. • Wow! That doughnut is huge!
- 8. Kinds of adjective • Descriptive (e.g. blue, big, beautiful) • Possessive (e.g. my, your, his) • Distributive (e.g. any, some, each) • Numbers (e.g. one, five) • Attributive (i.e. adjectives that precede the linking verb, e.g. the good boy). • Predicative (i.e. adjectives that follow the linking verb, e.g. he is nice). • Postpositive (i.e. adjectives that follow a noun e.g. attorney general, accounts payable).
- 9. Verb This is the most important part of a speech, for without a verb, a sentence would not exist. Simply put, this is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being of the subject in a sentence. • As usual, the Stormtroopers missed their shot. • They are always prepared in emergencies.
- 10. Kinds of verb Action Verbs 1. Transitive verbs are those action verbs that can have a noun attached directly to them, as in write book, hit ball, or answer questions. 2. Intransitive verbs are those action verbs that cannot attach directly to a noun; they need the help of a preposition, as in walk to the store, comply with the regulations, proceed with the inquiry.
- 11. Kinds of verb No-Action Verbs 3. The verb to be can serve either as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. 4. Linking verbs are non-be verbs that link a grammatical subject to an adjective (Watermelon tastes good), to a noun (She seems an honest woman), or to a phrase (He looks out of sorts).
- 12. Adverb Just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference is that adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.
- 13. Kinds of adverb • Adverb of Manner– this refers to how something happens or how an action is done. Example: Annie danced gracefully. • Adverb of Time- this states “when” something happens or “when” it is done. Example: She came yesterday. • Adverb of Place– this tells something about “where” something happens or ”where” something is done. Example: Of course, I looked everywhere! • Adverb of Degree– this states the intensity or the degree to which a specific thing happens or is done. Example: The child is very talented.
- 14. Preposition A word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “the man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,” “what did you do it for ?”.
- 15. Conjunction The conjunction is a part of speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses together. Examples of Conjunctions: and, yet, but, for, nor, or, and so Sample Sentences: • This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing. • Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn’t follow the professor’s instructions. • Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn’t have the guts to audition.
- 16. Interjection This part of speech refers to words which express emotions. Since interjections are commonly used to convey strong emotions, they are usually followed by an exclamation point. Sample Sentences: • Ouch! That must have hurt. • Hurray, we won! • Hey! I said enough!