Class 8 chapter 5 coal and petroleum science slide show
- 2. NATURAL RESOURCES Materials that are obtained from nature are called natural substances. Examples: Air, Water, Soil, Minerals etc. There are Two types of Natural Resources - 1. Inexhaustible Natural Resources 2. Exhaustible Natural Resources
- 3. - INEXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCES Resources which are present in unlimited quantity and cannot be completely used up by human activities are called Inexhaustible resources. Examples:Air, Sunlight etc.
- 4. - EXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCES - Resources that are limited and can be exhausted by human activities are called Exhaustible Resources. Examples: Forest, Wildlife, Minerals, Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas etc.
- 5. - FOSSIL FUELS - Materials that are formed from the dead remains of living organisms are known as Fossil Fuels. Examples: Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas etc.
- 6. -COAL -Coal is as hard as stone. -It is Black in Colour. -Coal is one of the fuel used to cook food. -Earlier it was used in railway engines to produce steam to run the engine. -It is also used in thermal power plant to produce electricity. -Coal is also used as a fuel in various industries.
- 7. -STORY OF COAL -The slow process of conversation of dead vegetation into coal is known as carbonisation. -Since, it was formed from the dead remains of vegetation, coal is also used as fossil fuels. -When heated in air, Coal burns and produces mainly carbon dioxide. -Coal is produced in industry to get some useful products such as Coke, Coal Tar and Coal Gas.
- 8. -COKE -Coke is a tough, porous and block substance. -It is almost pure form of carbon. -Coke is used in the manufacture of steel and in extraction of many metals.
- 9. -COAL TAR -Coal tar is a black thick liquid with an unpleasant smell. -It is a mixture of about 200 substances. -Products obtained from coal tar are used as starting materials for manufacturing various substances used in everyday life and in industry, like synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, plastics, paints, photographic materials, roofing materials, etc.
- 10. -COAL GAS -Coal gas is obtained during the processing of coal to get coke. - It is used as a fuel in many industries situated near the coal processing plants.
- 11. -PETROLEUM -Petrol and diesel are obtained from a natural resource called petroleum. -The word petroleum is derived from petra (rock) and oleum (oil) as it is mined from between the rocks under Earth. -Petrol is used as a fuel in light automobiles such as motor cycles/scooters and cars. -Petrol is used as a fuel in light automobiles such as motor cycles/ scooters and cars.
- 12. -Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea. - As these organisms died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers of sand and clay. -Over millions of years, absence of air, high temperature and high pressure transformed the dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas. -The layer containing petroleum oil and gas is above that of water as oil and gas are lighter than water and do not mix.
- 13. -REFINING OF PETROLEUM. -Petroleum is a dark oily liquid and It has an unpleasant odour. -It is a mixture of various constituents such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc. -The process of separating the various constituents/ fractions of petroleum is known as refining. It is carried out in a petroleum refinery.
- 14. -NATURAL GAS -Natural gas is a very important fossil fuel because it is easy to transport through pipes. -Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas (CNG). -CNG is used for power generation. -The great advantage of CNG is that it can be used directly for burning in homes and factories where it can be supplied through pipes. -Natural gas is also used as a starting material for the manufacture of a number of chemicals and fertilisers.