Identity map: all known solutions to the identity problem

As long as my body alive ,
it’s me
( And if my body is brought back
to life, it’s still me )
All known Identity problem solutions (head-on attack)
How different definitions of Self result in different types of identity, death, solution of identity problem and immortality
Identity and
its question
Identity
of the observer
This type of identity answers
the question “what I will ex-
perience in the next moment
of time?” (numerical identi-
ty by Parfit)
If I have many future copies,
non-inf identity should pro-
vide answer about the proba-
bility to find my self as one of
them, or about order in which
I will experience them.
“Zombi-copies” are possible:
the copies which are exactly
like me, but not me.
Personality
identity
question what type of
information should I preserve
if I want to preserve the same
personality
(qualitative identity by
Parfit)
Criteria here is similarity of
behavior. Quantitative
measure is level of similarity.
All exact copies are me
Match of information is a necessary
and sufficient criterion of identity
(Like for a copies of a book)
The main problem is loose copies.
One important type of loose copies is next
observer moments, which differs from now
moment, but keep identity with it.
Problem: Bolzmann brains.
Technically this type of identi-
ty depends on our value sys-
tem, which tells us what is
important for us in creating
copies:
- skills?
- ability to recognize us and
love us?
- body beauty?
- our inability to feel differ-
ence?
- its ability to evolve?
Criteria of
identityLevels of definition of Self
Atman
The transcendental universal
Self, the Atman (single observer
observing all beings at the same
time)
Soul
- Pure simple soul, which has no func-
tion other than identity (simple view)
- Soul as qualia sensation of Self
- Transcendental individual Self (the
Christian soul ), which carries a set of
features and functions
- Physical soul, composed of matter of
unknown type
- The second body, the protagonist of
the avatar in the simulation
Self as a center
of actuality
in quantum universe
Self is individual
rainbow of qualia
Self is exact model of
my behavior.
Any one who has the same first 1000
(or N) properties as me which predict
99,9 of my behavior.
Here Self is predictive information
Non-informational
identity
All ideas that assume
that mirror copy could
be not me, because it
lacks something
by definition
unmeasurable
Here Self is not
information and Identity
has some kind of
non-informational
identity essence
CommentsMechanism of
identity
transfer
Identity is continuity of
casual process underlying
thinking
Identity is continuity of
experience
Anesthesia would destroy it
The copy which received most
different signs of identity is me.
Identity logo
Random sign of identity
which is determined by so-
cial agreement (the crown
for a king, name, social
security number)
Create a copy which would comply
to maximum amount of signs of
identity
Outer identity
It answers the question, whether the copies identical in
terms of certain external observer.
The Identity of Indiscernibles, link
The identity based on defining characteristics of identity
(Criterion of Leibniz, or duck). Paradoxically, it depends on
the observer.
Definition identity:
if a something fully comlies with definition A, it is A.
Social identity
signs
A person ‘s name , ap-
pearance, position, social
role
Informational
signs
The memory of the last
moment, knowledge of
personal history ,
Availability of key abilities
( Pushkin wrote poems )
Self-recognition and
mutual recognition
Anyone, who thinks that he is
me, and others also thinks he is
me,
Self is a sum
of all
attributes of
Self
Multi-level human
identity
It answers the
question of what
types of identity
are applicable in
this case, and how
the identity is de-
veloping.
Criterion: where
to go most of the
signs of identity
The body as a place
integration of identities
Union of all identities,
able to reconstruct lacking
identity
The copy which received the
biggest part of
identity essenses is me
The identity is re-
sult from sum of
signs of identity
- Cryonics,
- Cryonics of only “ experiencing center“
in the brain
- The use of the skeleton
- The same atoms (Fedorov), ashes from
cremation
If a copy has identity on many but not all
levels, it could “rebuild” lacking ones
Human
idea of “Self”
and identity
as complex
adaptation
(Meta - Self )
Self doesn’t have any
one substrates , it use
many, but not limited to
them
Social identity
the question of whether I stay
the same person from the
point of view of other people,
or even my own, if I consider
myself with detachment .
The criterion here is that no
one notices the difference if
I would be substituted, but
within required conditions.
A quantitative measure
- The degree of recognition
and the error rate in the rec-
ognition .
Me is what others thinks is
me (and including what I
think is me)
Me is the one this the
same indexical (address)
information (including
name, role, function)
Virus logic
Me is anybody who has
the same value system
Me is the one who is me
based on law
(legal identity)
Me is full set of those who
would be
regarded as me
The continuity of the position
in space
Me is the one who will be in the
spatial-temporal continuity of me
(in the next moment of time and
in the next point of space)
Me is anyone
with my values
Me is the one who carry on my
plans, has my values
and practical information
Who will remember
me?
Me is the set of my loose
copies which will remem-
ber anything I decide now
Future me is the object of
act of planning
Everyone whose action I plan
Self is defined by all so-
cial groups and social role
which I am in, and also by
my core values
(group identity,
e.g. national)
Memory about
new decision
Me is the one who carry on
my plans, has my values
and all needed informa-
tion
Profession: anyone who
have the same unique
combination of skills and
roles
Me is my expected future The observer who will
experience consequences
of my actions
(pain expectation)
My social environment
must recognize me in a
copy
Only one copy could be me. If I replaced with a
copy, this copy must be at the same physical lo-
cation as the original, or as close as possible to it
in space and time
One should have such a system of plans
that does not require to play against
itself , and is popular in the universe
(e.g; effective altruism and cooperative
decision systems)
Copy must causally follow
from me now and remem-
ber about my actions
Solve contradictions
of this demand
Identity and Self
are social
agreement
Self depends of WE and is defined by group of
people based on its practical goals. No indepen-
dent Self exist
Zero-identity
Identity of observer is only an illusion,
only social agreement exist
I exist only now We don’t need to do
anything
(but planning is
impossible)
Indirect
definition of
Self
We define something
with which Self is
strongly connected, but
which is not Self.
Self is biological brain
This is attempt to run away from an-
swer as we don’t know what in brain is
Self, but if we preserve brain, we pre-
serve Self (probably)
Self is human body
Legal identity is require the same scull
Self is all information
about neural tissue of
brain
connectome, synapses,
genes activity, receptor’s
density
Self is my conscious
(declarative) memory
plus my motor skills
= 1 GB of information
Self is self-image
All being with the same self image
The same structure of
connectome and synaptic
weights
Me is the model of me with
the same behavior, which
differs only on random
things.
Preserving the brain
or its copy in the another
branch of the multiverse
Creation of the model of
brain with small level of
changes
Quantum consciousness:
Self is quantum field
- Quantum consciousness with
gravitational collapse (Penrose )
- One neurone theory of consciousness
(And consciousness is the wave func-
tion)
- Distributed quantum field of
microtubules is quantum computer
Preservation of quantum
coherence in the quantum
computer of consciousness
Univocal causal relationship;
Copies which are continually ca-
sually connected with original are
me.
(But one original could still have
many future parallel copies, be-
cause casual lines could smoothly
divergent)
A) Smooth loading into the computer when neurons
are gradually replaced by transistors.
B) Preservation of only small part of the brain which
experience qualia. Keep it alive on petrie dish (or use
cryopreservation)
C) Preserving the continuity apart from the brain:
1) the preservation of the small area of the brain alive
2) preservation of cyclic casual process, like fire
torched by brain activity (continuous process of cau-
sality in other media, for example, to light a fire on the
brain power) and then return it into recreated brain.
3) Inserting neurochip only into center of perception
which will gradually replace it.
4) Create neurocomputer based on living neurons
to store identity. It may be not mine and even non
human neurons.
5) Use quantum computer or other quantum system to
preserve and transfer quantum consciousness
D) Transfer of causal connections via preservation of
information. Any signal is not only information but
causal line.
All observers with the same soul
are the same.
Reincarnation is possible.
(Someone could be me without
remembering anything about me.
“Anti-zombi-copies”)
Only one Self exist, others do not
exist. But this Self goes through
all possible observers during eter-
nal time.
ALL-identity
If a soul exist, we have to prove
it and after it search the ways to
control it.
The God defines souls and grantee
their identity
Nothing is needed
to be done
We need the same
brain for identity
Conservation of the brain , cryonics
Isolation of the central part of the brain
responsible for the experience
subjective experience and save it up
We need not only the brain but
also the entire body
Conservation body , cryonics ,
body upgrade
Legal identity
It defines the rights and
a responsibility of a per-
son.
The criterion for it is
law.
Identity defines by doc-
uments, biometrics and
unchangeable body parts
(scull)
A quantitative measure -
the statute of limitations.
(Time during which me
becomes not me from the
point of law)
Cultural notions of identity
in a given society are the
basis for legal identity.
In some societies human
could change identity (sha-
manic initiation) or reincar-
nation.
The same atoms
Situational identity
Answers the question ,
to whom we refer in the given
situation
Level of
ideality in
definition
of self
If all qualia are the same,
then observer is the
same.
Super-consciousness, capable to
compare qualia in different creatures,
and transfer it
Clarification of the nature of qualia
Identity carrier is
the same in all
observers
Identity will be delivered in all
beings, but with dramatically dif-
ferent timing (or probability). I
have the biggest chances to be
my loose copy, with name “next
moment”
The same space-time
continuity
perudantism?
link
Meaningless
questions
The question of
identity and self is
meaningless
Копии физически невозможны,
а мысленные эксперименты
с ними надуманы
“Now moment” fuses with
other moments of
experience
Subjective experience
the duration of the “now moment”
The unevenness of the beginning and
end of the “now moment”
These questions are
meaningless on our lev-
el of knowledge about
the brain and conscious-
ness AI
These questions arise from
the confusion of differ-
ent levels of reality:
ontological ,
perceived and scientific
Reappearing identity
My non-information identity will
appear again if informational copy
of me will be created
Identity could jump
through any borders, if a
copy actually exist
If the same personality will
be recreated, it would
attract the same identity
There is no any need to
worry about identity or
personality, as it is all illu-
sion
Buddhism: and we should
fight with that illusion as it
is source of unhappiness
Continuity can smoothly
diverge into parallel copies
Complexity
Self arises from the complexity of the
biological brain, surrounding informa-
tion and the social environment, and
the individual parts inside indistinguish-
able.
The identity of the person as
a logical consequence of his
unique life story.
Identity (and its nature) changes
during time with aging.
It is different in child, teenager
and adult.
Declarative identity
Intelligent being is able to
control its identity by de-
claring what is it Identification
Identity is what
you think about
identity
Unconsciousness
mechanism
of identification with social
group
Memory about previous
state of consciousness
Self-determination
“Self” controls
identity , creating
its own criteria of
identity and declare
its nature
(The will to identity)
Social identification by
group membership
Identity is defined by
environment
Me and next-me are interconnected in-
side one act of experience which connect
«Длинный» акт переживания
связывает прошлую и будущую
копию
Two possible solutions of
non-informational identity
arise:
1. Either we should not do any-
thing (Self doesn’t exist, or its
everywhere, or it goes through all
possible minds, or it is able to re-
appear in needed conditions.)
2. Or Self is defined unambigu-
ously by some physical process,
which we need to preserve and
transfer.
Death of Identity
If identity is unchangeable entity, how it
could die (having in mind that the death is a
change)?
Is identity able to change and evolve?
If yes, could it become other identity?
Could we present such changes in identity as
information?
Reality
theory
God exists
and he created the
world, and provides
solutions to identity
problem
Only Self is real
Qualia are primordial
reality
neutral monism
Dualism and
epiphenomenalism
Physicalism and other
reductionists
world models:
Materialism
Mathematical universe
“(1) Physicalism is true at
a possible world w iff any
world which is a physical
duplicate of w is a dupli-
cate of w simpliciter”, link
Phisicalism is defined here
by “no zombi-copies”, so in
our case it results in
circularity
We need another defini-
tion. Something like the
world is defined complete-
ly by simple interactions
of simple elements, which
are not mental (elemental
particles)
Self is God
“Feeling of Self”
Some people claim that
they have unique feeling
of self - but we can’t check
it. (Qualia identity)
Identity and Subconsciousness
Equal observers could have
different subconsciousness
Human identity
The identity of the man arose evolutionarily, to help
early distinguish between paternity, responsibility and
planning.
It differs from ants and computer viruses identity
The identity of a person is determined by his personal-
ity, and does not include any general or random , but
only special.
People are very different, which makes it possible to
speak about identity
Идентичность как непрерывность
развития в соответствии
со внутренней логикой
Например, число пи бесконечно,
но сохраняет индивидуальность
Human identity
Individuality is more important
than identity.
In the world where where is no
individual differences, identity is
meaningless
Planning self
Self is something about
which i could make plans
and predi ctions
Me is future me, which I
control and makes plans
for.
The problem is of
purely linguistic
nature.
“I” is a pronoun , the
value which depends on
context.
Planning
Identity
This identity
ends when
my plans
end
Self-recognition
Matching yourself to your
self-image ( and here in-
teresting case ofidentity
disorder)
Conformity to my
own identity theory.
Use logic to understand
and redefne identity
Informational
identity
Self is information in the
brain or about the brain.
Information could be
presented in form of
0 and 1 and could be
copied without loss
Identity depends only of fidelity
of information transfer, no hidden
variables.
about the brain on func-
tional biological level =
position of all cells,
genes and proteins
about the brain - that is
position of all atoms
in it
The coincidence of the
positions of all atoms,
charges and chemical
bonds
The model takes into
account precisely all the
functional units of the
brain ( the genes , synaps-
es , proteins )
Name and CV
Me is everybody who
thinks that he is me.
Self is subset of all
thinking beings
which is determined by
some trait and is dy-
namically changing
Self is set of main
unique features
DNA, principles, style
Unique information
about a person, which dif-
fers from common and
also from
random information
A large unique set of
pseudorandom features
(memories
of childhood)
idea of Maeterlinck,
link
Unique complex
creative skills
(poem writing skill of great poet)
Valuable information
and skills
Profession, knowledge of the past
Digital signature of
personality presented as
style in anything he do
Artist style
Self in quantum
multiverse
Self is exact replicas of
me (arising
during separation of
quantum branches
multiverse, or in infinite
universe)
Class identity
It answers ques-
tions “where I
am?” and “Who I
am?”
Idenity in multiverse
answer a question:
which copy of me I will
be in the next moment
of time, given known
distribution of probabili-
ties of branches?
Exact definition
of Self
Type of the definition of Self
Death is loss of signs of
identity
Copy is not the original if
the group could see two
copies simultaneously
The copy which is in wrong spatial
position – is not me
All copies with the same
value system
All copies which carry own
my plan
All future copies which will
carry own a decision which
I will give now
All being with the same
values and situation
Me is the one who took
my social function
Williams paradox about specter my appear here.
“Parfit’s reworking of Williams’ argument in terms of the
‘psychological spectrum’, which is a continuum of very many
cases which stretch, on the one hand, from replacement of
one or two of my memories with those of Napoleon, to a
case on the other end of the spectrum, on which all of my
memories are replaced with those of Napoleon.”
link
Any copy is not me
Me is me if functional
structure of neural net is
the same
Me is model of me with the same exter-
nal and internal behaviour, but not its
functional realization (loose copy is also
me if a difference is the same as after
one night sleep - to which we adapted)
The only those copies are me, which
emerged clearly and continuously from me as
a result of
cause-and-effect relationships .
(Loose copies status is unclear )
Only my copies with “my soul” are me.
If my soul is in loose copy - its me.
Even if my soul is in someone
other, he is me.
Copies are impossible as no external re-
ality exist; my next moment is the only
real me, no matter, what is the differ-
ence.
Those copies are me, who will
have the same brain
(But the problem hemispheres
which could have separate con-
sciousness)
We need not only the brain but
also the entire body
All copies that have the same qualia are me;
a copy with the other rainbow of qualia is not
me (loose copies of me include only part of
my qualia).
All my copies are me,
including loose ones.
Any my copy is me
Loose copies are also me (but in smaller
extent)
Self is the next state of me which
remember previous state of me.
Observer-moments stack in lines by remem-
bering previous observer-moments.
Only those copies are me, which are connected
with me via “long now” act of experience.
Technically, backward causation or quantum
entaglement is needed for actual existence of
“long now” observer moments
All my exact copies
(loose copies are not me)
All functional copies
of me is me
(loose copies are not me)
Solution of
the Copies
problem
Arguments
pros and
cons
Me is everybody who
Me is everybody who
The same memories
All copies with the same memories are
me
The same image of Self
All beings with the same
self-image
The set of unique main
traits
All subset of beings with
the same basic
personality traits
The same unique
information
unique information
The ability to repeat the
skill (based on independet
criteria)
skill
The same set of pseudo-
random features (child-
hood memories,
fingerprint)
pseudo random memories
Preservation of valuable
information
Any carrier of this import-
ant information if it is true
Stylistic unity Any being with the same
style
Information
redundancy
These models require too much precision
that is difficult to ensure, and obviously
wants to keep too much unnecessary infor-
mation about the carrier of consciousness,
but not consciousness itself
Information
insufficiency
These demands result in insufficient information
and loose copy
Self is sum of all infor-
mational processes in the
brain - consciousness,
plus subconsciousness
plus all subpersonalities
The same information
flows as in actual brains
All my copies which have
the same consciousness
and unconsciousness
processes
Death and
the ways to
immortality
Overlapping sequence
of events memory
(Lock, Parfit)
The same last memories,
or memories of the previ-
ous moment
All copies, which have the same memo-
ry if the last observer-moment are me
Overlapping chain of
expenence-memories
Future memory continuum
(chain of subjects each of
the is remembering the
previous)
Parfit
Death does not exist and
the problem of immortality
is solved
(but we still have to pre-
serve information)
Death doesn’t exist but some kind
of phase transition or transforma-
tion happens in the moment of
death.
The goal of physical immortality is
to control soul transfer.
(2045 movement tried to do it to
transfer soul into an avatar)
Death does not exist and the
problem of immortality is solved
(but we still have to preserve in-
formation)
Nature of death is not clear
Death is the final destruction of
the coherence of a quantum com-
puter of consciousness.
Immortality is its
eternal preservation of such co-
herence (but the universe as
whole is always coherent)
Death is the end of causal relation
chain of thought process
Immortality is preservation of
continuity of such chain.
(By the way, general causal con-
nection of events will continue
until the end of the universe and
death can’t stop it.)
Neither death,
nor immortality of Self
exist
The problem of immortality
becomes the problem of exact
reconstruction of information
Death is destruction of the posi-
tion of all atoms in the brain
Immortality is preserving of this
position
Death is destruction of the pro-
teins in the brain and their func-
tions
Immortality is the preservation of
all proteins and their positions
Death is death of neurons and
their connections
Immortality is the preserving of
the connectome and synapses
Death is the end of most high level
processes in the brain
Immortality is preservation of this
processes
Death is the end of all properties of the
personality
Immortality is preservation of the exact
model of personality
Death is the end of individual memory
Immortality is preservation or reconstruc-
tion of the memory
Death is discontinuity in the memory
stream
Immortality is preservation
of such continuity
Death is destruction of the image of self
Immortality is creation of the being with
the same image of self
Death is destruction of the basic
personality traits
Immortality is recreation of these traits
Death is destruction of the unique
information and immortality
is its preservation
Order of magnitude
of needed
information
10**30 bytes
10**16
10**20
10**12
10**11
10**9
10**6
10**5
10**5
10**5
10**6 байт
10**8 ???
10**5
10**8
10**4
My future
My is set of my loose
future copies which
I manage
There are no any
proves of this
theory and it is
very speculative
Evidence of the existence of the
soul and life after death are not
scientifically valid , and the nature
of any ghosts messages needs
further investigation.
There is no evidence of this
theory, and the theory itself
highly speculative
Experimental investigations into
the nature of qualia are necessary
Experimental investigations into
the nature of brain and conscious-
ness are necessary
In our world causality is
quantum-mechanic process.
We need to learn more about
nature of causality and its relation
to conscious experience
Here we could strike into so called quantum im-
mortality-like problems in the instances of abrupt
awakening, anesthesia, coma and falling asleep as
in other worlds there will be continual line of expe-
rience without this abrupt interruption.
link
Move to informational theories
of identity
Information-causal
theory of identity:
information
+
causality
+
reference class
(And in his extension in-
cludes rainbow of qualia and
self-awareness )
Best solutions
Sum of all non-informational
identity elements
Qualia
+Actuality (Now)
+Continuity, based on causality
+ quantum consciousness
Information identity
criteria for exact
model
• Behavior similarity +
• Indistinguishable inner thought process
• But not including underlying mechanism
• So neurons could be replaced by computer
Information identity
elements
• Memory
• Inner representations (thoughts patterns)
• Recognition by others and self-recognition
• Indexical identity
• Name (Emblem of identity)
• Unique useful information (personal style, DNA)
• Goal equivalence
• Large semi-random information pool (child memories)
• Complex unique skills
• Valuable features
• Personal style
• Memory of the last moment (short term memory)
Local identity
I exist only one instance
Logically equal to
zero-identity
Identity as nature of time
Next experience of observer and next
moment in time are closely connected.
Maybe it happens through causality.
Copies are impossible if condition of nonclon-
ability of quantum state is met.
(but then it can not be involved in thinking, as
it should be destroyed when interacting)
Quantum state of QC of consciousness may
evolve based on some law, and identity will be
this law. (See also mathematical identity)
If small changes in quantum states are allowed, one
needs to “ignite” a copy from the original, i.e. to trans-
fer quantum state to the new quantum computer - to
make them coherent.
It is not clear, if it is possible to do many times or only
ones.
Any strong enough interruption
of consciousness stream is death.
Ordinary dreaming is not as most
people have dreams and some
experiences even in deep state of
dreaming.
But anesthesia, loss of conscious-
ness because of truma and coma
could be death.
Not enough
information
Too much
information
Identity as infinite
complexity
Exact copies are impossible because
human brain consist of infinitely many
particles (not true) and because of un-
certainty principle
Non-binary
definitions
of identity
The idea that me or
not-me identity
solutions are too simple
and result in all logical
problems
Evolving identity - my identity is changing ev-
ery moment, and could be presented as line
passing through all possible states
Gradual identity -
similarity as continuous measure of identity
Complex identity -
Identity as complex number where real part
is similarity and imaginary part is probabilistic
identity
Probabilistic identity - identity is a probability
that I find my self in the (given) next observ-
er moment
Negative definitions
of identity
We can’t see identity,
but we we are able to
distinguish non-identity
Space rule: Any time only one me is me in
all space (Or 0, if I died) (Could be not true if
time travel exists)
Time rule: I exist all time between birth and
death. (Could be not true if I ressurected)
External observer rejection: My behavior
or appearance is not what is expected from
me.
Internal observer rejection: My self image
and memory are inconsistent with my claimed
identity.
Philozombie - a copy which does not have
consciousness experiences is not me.
Universal consciousness as final arbiter.
Imagine, that all brains and copies in some
kind of universe are connected to one mega
brain, which is able to feel all their feeling
simultaneously. It could be future AI or
Neuronet.
It will be able to feel or declare identity of dif-
ferent observers, or provide identity to all ob-
servers.
Knowledge criteria: if a copy doesn’t know
important thing or decision which I know, it is
not me.
Planning and value criteria: if a copy
doesn’t know and follow my plans, it is not
my future-copy. If it don’t have my core val-
ues, it is not me.
Information
identity
solution for goals of
digital immortality
We should preserve enough information to
recreate
- unique
- valuable
- and predictive
traits of the personality
Group membership:
I define my identity by
association with social
groups
Social functions could be
immortal as long as the
group exist
As a result me is a set of
my socially recognizable
tokens (physical appear-
ance and face is most
important of them, then
voice, name, body compo-
sition)
If I loose most my tokens,
social group would deny
my identity, and I will be
dead for it, or will be look
like impostor.
Death is discontinuity of spatial-temporal posi-
tion of the body (like during explosion)
Immortality means that one living being contin-
ue to live in the same spatial place (e.g. if we
regrow other brain in the same scull
By law, me is my body, and more
precisely my skeleton. There is
also idea of legal death which
mean death of the brain and heart
as well as long absences
Contemporary law doesn’t allow existence of copies.
Cope would be regarded as twin brother or impostor.
Original has its original documents or special legal
tokens which are fingerprints and DNA
New law should be created to regulate existence of
copies
Legal death is defined as death of the
brain and heart.
Immortality should be legally defined.
Conservative
approach to identity
As we don’t know real
nature of identity, we
should try to preserve
as much identity
as possible
Identity is the identity
of the brain
Fedorov thought that we need the same atoms
for the resurrection of the fathers and early
Christians preserved bodies of the dead on the
same reason. But now we know that most atoms
are replaced seamlessly during the life and from
QM point of view they are the same.
The same cells
Carrier Identity
Here we replace question of
identity with question of iden-
tity of the carrier of mind - at-
oms: cells or brain.
We abandon here idea of in-
dependence of the informa-
tion from the media.
We hope to get solid grounds
for the identity problem solu-
tions. But any carrier could
split.
Recognition
identity
I am able to recognize
my peers (family and
friends), and they are
able to recognize me
Biological identity
Biological identity depends mostly on DNA and phe-
notype. It predicts appearance, future evolution and
illnesses and most importantly children.
But twins could have almost the same biological
identity, but different human identity
Intuitive understanding
of the idea if identity
Most people have an idea
what is identity
Evolving identity
Union of all identities,
evolving in time as a per-
son going older - from DNA
to personality to choice
levels
Human identity
is like living be-
ing:
consists of many
parts, evolves
and able cure it-
self
Posthuman will
have
power over his
own identity.
He will be able
to redefine it ac-
cording to his
needs. He will not
be a victim of any
identity solution.
• Overlapping ob-
server-moment
• Memory of the
previous
moment
• The same qualia
Manipulation of the number of its
Future copies to control probabili-
ty
- Experiment with quantum suicide ma-
chine and accomplishment of desires
- “Quantum magic”
- UN ++ Bostrom
Identity and
indexical
uncertainty
My copies are
reference class , from
which the sample is
made
If I can not tell if I was
being A1 or A2 , then I
have to consider them as
a copy , and myself - as a
random representative of
this class
All copies with the
same indexical infor-
mation are the same.
If I don’t know if I am
original or a copy, I have
50 per cent chance b the
copy.
Skepticism
and
positivism
What is identity?
“Sameness of essen-
tial or generic character
in different instances”
(Webster)
General identity, mind
identity and human
identity
Created by Alexey Turchin for
digital-immortality-now.com
contact: alexeiturchin@gnail.com
Identity as
result of
ability to
distinguish
different
people
My ability to distinguish me from others, based on
indexical information: name, position, values, body,
memory. It require society with very different individ-
uals.
Dissociative and depersonalization diseases. But most
people are untrained to feel if it really “me”, as it has
zero adaptive potential.
Ability of my peers to
distinguish me from others or
to feel changes in me. Family, co-
workers, law enforcement. Impos-
tor syndrome - failure to do it.
Base rate of errors in recognition -
false negatives
Ability future technology
(including AI) to do so based on
complex tests: DNA, brain scans
Identity as
connected-
ness of
observer
moments
Identity as my position in
world
If my picture of the world is true
and full, I know my exact position
in it, and it provides me with basis
for identity
Identity as
complex
adaptation
of human-
mamalian
brain
Different people could
have the same observ-
er moments
Evolution results in built in
ability to predict own future,
which implies idea of identity
As it is old brain structure it
provide result of its work as
feeling, not conception (looks
like qualia of identity)
It may provide wrong results:
dissociative disorder, new tech.
21) Splitting
identity. It is an
idea that future
identity could
split into sever-
al (or infinitely
many) streams. If
we live in quan-
tum multiverse
we split every
second without
any (perceived)
problems.
20) Identity in multi-
level simulation. As we
are probably live in a
simulation, there is a
chance that is is mul-
tiplayer game in which
one gamer have sever-
al avatars and constant-
ly able have experiences
of all of them. It is like
one eye through several
people.
18)
Mathematical identity
If Self is a mathematical
series, which consists of
first digit and a law how
to get new digits.
N= N+3
Identity may be present-
ed as number sequence,
where each number de-
scribes a full state of
mind. Useful toy model
19)
Infinite identity
The main idea here
is that any mind has
non-zero probability to
become any other mind
after a series of transfor-
mations.
So only one identity exist in all
space of all possible minds, but
the expected time to me to be-
come given person is dramati-
cally different in case of future
me (1 day) and random person
(10 power 100 years). This the-
ory also needs special version of
quantum immortality which re-
sets “memories” of a dying being
to zero, which result in something
like reincarnation. Or infinite re-
peating universe in style of Ni-
etzsche’s eternalrecurrence.
Identity as
individual-
ity, that is
uniqueness

Identity map: all known solutions to the identity problem

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Identity map: all known solutions to the identity problem