Innovation Opportunities in Telecom - An India Perspective
- 1. Innovation Opportunities in Telecom - An India Perspective R. David Koilpillai Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras EPFL-IITM Symposium on Entrepreneurship, Technology & Management in Emerging Economies IC&SR, IIT Madras April 5, 2009
- 2. Wireless in the Media … Cellular India reaches 500M subs Growth of broadband wireless HSPA, EV-DO, WiMAX GSM subscribers crossed 4.0 Billion ... Convergence, Quad play … Voice, Voice, Data, Video, Mobility Telephony, Internet, TV, Cellular Spectrum auctions on April 9, 2010 Introduction of 3G Technology WLAN Wi-Fi Hotspots – rapid growth Broadband Wireless Access ITU Activity – IMT Advanced (4G)
- 3. Comparison of Networks Hierarchy of terrestrial networks India has all scenarios Leverage key factors Transmitted power Propagation effects Range of environments Dense urban Inter-BS distance < 500m Sparse rural Unlicensed devices Ref: Cordeiro et al., “IEEE 802.22: The First Worldwide Wireless Standard based on Cognitive Radio,” IEEE, 2005
- 4. Cellular Evolution Timeline 1G ( AMPS, NMT, TACS , …) 1981 Analogue voice transmission 2G ( GSM , IS-54, PDC, IS-95 ) 1991 - 95 Digital cellular Digital voice, low-speed circuit data ( 9.6 Kbps ), SMS 2.5G ( GPRS , cdmaOne ) 1999 - 00 Introduction of packet data Improved voice, medium speed CS and PS data (~ 100 Kbps ), enhanced SMS 3G ( WCDMA , EDGE , cdma2000 , …) 2002 - 03 IMT-2000 requirements, Improved voice, high speed PS data ( 384Kbps - 2 Mbps ) Improved spectral efficiency and capacity, Multimedia applications 3.5G ( HSPA , 1xEV-DO , 1xEV-DV ) 2003 - present High speed packet data (2-14 Mbps) 4G ( LTE , UMB , IEEE 802.16m , …) 2010 (?)
- 5. Evolution beyond 3G GSM GPRS WCDMA Rel. 7 Rel. 6 Rel. 5 (HSDPA) 1xEV-DV 1xEV-DO cdmaOne cdma2000 IEEE 802.16 d/e IEEE 802.16 m 3.5G/4G - Focus on high data rates, spectral efficiency Super 3G = 3.9G LTE LTE-Adv
- 6. India Market Summary Population ~1100 million 70% in villages, 637,000 villages 190 million households (urban + rural) Communications Lowest tariffs, fastest growth in the world 10M subscribers per month Low ARPU market Crossed 500M subscribers in 2010 Factors Very high user densities in metros Very low user densities in rural Dense fibre optic grid 90% villages within 15 Km of Fiber POP Limited reach of wired network Wireless – an attractive option India is very well-connected !!
- 7. Market Analysis by CEWiT Dense Urban (Case: Mumbai) 70% of 16M people In area of 600 sq Km ~3733 households per sq km Assuming 5 per household ~ 50% wireless internet subscribers ~ 1866 wireless internet/sq km cell radius = 0.75 km ~ 3300 subscribers/cell Assuming 5 competitive operators in each area => 660 subscribers/operator/cell Typical scenarios evaluated by Indian operators Participating Operators Tata Teleservices, BSNL, Airtel, Reliance, Hutch, IDEA Cellular, Aircel, VSNL, MTNL
- 8. Observations Strong presence of the Digital Divide Urban and rural India - Key differences in technological contexts Urban India Access available - on par with rest-of-the-world Global access to information, without borders Urban communities as the “growth market” – for broadband services Rural India Limited connectivity (minimal cellular coverage) On the wrong side of the “Digital divide” – poverty of information Lacking in areas of basic needs – health (human, vet, agri), education, Rural communities as the “growth market” – for basic services
- 9. CEWiT & BWCI Goal: Put India on the global map for next generation wireless CEWiT - Centre of Excellence in Wireless Technologies Government of India (DIT) initiative (2004) - A Public-Private Partnership Leverage Indian market for mobile and broadband wireless Participation in global wireless research and standardization 3GPP, 3GPP2 and IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Consortium of India (BWCI) National forum for all major stake holders of wireless broadband in India Operators, Equipment manufacturers, Semiconductors, Technology Services, R&D National Vision Drive 4G (beginning with 3G) to do for India what 2G did for telephony Strong emphasis on contributing to 4G standards and developing IPR www.cewit.org.in
- 10. India’s Cellphone Revolution 509 M subscribers in India (472M wireless + 37M wireline) 12 cellular service providers > 100 M phones are “high end” Has touched all walks of life Enabled connectivity and access to information Ease of use, a multipurpose device – PDA, phonebook, … Cellphones – personal, indispensable Voice and SMS are major uses “ Staying connected” when on the move Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Quarterly Report – Jan 2010
- 11. A Novel Application … Can't come to Kashi for a darshan at Kashi VishwanathTemple? Don't worry. Live darshan on your mobile phone Available on all cellular networks Testing in progress. Nearly complete Facility was introduced at Siddhivinayak temple of Mumbai Monthly payment of Rs 30-Rs 50 The sanctum sanctorum of KVT - accessible as soon as it is opened Need mobile with multimedia capability Enjoy this facility Harnessing the latest technology !!
- 12. India’s Internet Revolution Revenue: INR 2109.34 cr during 3Q09 (~ € 350.2 M) INR 1257 cr – broadband subs INR 132 cr dial-up subs Av. Minutes of usage per sub per month AM 240 mins, PM 100 mins 160 Internet Service Provides (ISP) 14.6 M subscribers (3Q09), 14.1 M subs (2Q09) Expected to grow Cellular subscribers with internet capable devices > 10 crores (100M) 1 crore = 100,00,000 = 10 million INR 1 crore = € 166,000 Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Quarterly Report – Jan 2010
- 13. India Market Statistics Potentially huge market for broadband wireless India - A price-sensitive market
- 14. India Cellular Market Several unique aspects (results based on 2009 statistics) Cellular ARPU (per month) Prepaid subscribers – INR 189 ~ € 3.1 Postpaid subscribers – INR 584 ~ € 9.7 Blended – INR 221 ~ € 3.7 Minutes of Usage (MoU) – 500 mins per month Per minute charges – INR 0.79 ~ € 0.013 SMS per subscriber – 25 Cellular operators revenue 3Q08 – € 2.34 Billion Revenue split Rental 19.2%, Call charges – 59.2%, Roaming charges 8.4%, SMS 4.2%, VAS 8.9% Internet subscribers – 12.24 M Cellular subscribers with internet capable devices – 88.27 M Average growth rate of cellular subscribers ~ 10 M per month Growth sustained over last 18 months
- 15. Market Analysis Dense Urban (Case: Mumbai) 70% of 16M people In area of 600 sq Km ~3733 households per sq km Assuming 5 per household ~ 50% wireless internet subscribers ~ 1866 wireless internet/sq km cell radius = 0.75 km ~ 3300 subscribers/cell Assuming 5 competitive operators in each area => 660 subscribers/operator/cell Typical scenarios evaluated by Indian operators Participating Operators Tata Teleservices, BSNL, Airtel, Reliance, Hutch, IDEA Cellular, Aircel, VSNL, MTNL
- 16. India Spectrum Scenario Spectrum auctions (3G+BWA) to be held in April 2010 4x20 MHz TDD (in 2.3 GHz and 2.5 GHz) 2 x (10+10) MHz FDD In 3G core band, there are two-four (5+5) MHz FDD slots Nationwide (5+5) MHz reserved for BSNL/MTNL Some differences based on geographic location Auction method Start from “reserve price” Rs 3500 crores for 3G Spectrum ( € 581M) - Total 9 bidders Rs 1750 crores for BWA Spectrum ( € 290M) – Total 11 biders Bidders will be asked to increase in 10% steps Bidding continues until number of bidders left = no. of available frequency slots A deviation from the earlier model (for 2G spectrum) Low license fee + revenue sharing model Very successful model
- 17. Innovation Cycle Domain expertise Understanding the overall system Recognise “technology gaps” and “service gaps” Examples Call waiting versus Call Completion to Busy Subscriber Finding a person’s current telephone number Point of sale – authorization “ Buy versus Make” decision Innovative ideas Proof of concept Prototype Validation Interoperability Scale-up / Productization Marketing + Sales + Advertising + … Customer support + Technical Support Lifecyle support / planning “ Rembrants in your Attic” – many potentially valuable ideas lying dormant
- 18. Creating a Patenting Culture … Identify a patent lawyer with engineering background Understand anatomy of a patent “ Prior art”, “specification”, “Claims” Patent language (legal) difficult to understand for engineers What is patentable? Novel Non-obvious Document new idea answering four questions What is problem being solved? How was it solved before? Description of new solution Advantages over existing solutions Who are interested parties A reward for filing patent Periodically repeat patent training
- 19. Cognitive Radio
- 20. Cognitive Radio TeNeT Group IIT-M Jul 27, 2010 Increasing demand for spectrum Existing scenario Under-utilization of spectrum Innovative approach to improve spectrum utilization Cognitive Radio
- 21. Cognitive Radio = Sense + Learn + Adapt + Use
- 22. Rural Connectivity (CorDECT) CorDECT Base Station CorDECT CO xDSL/E1 Village A CorDECT Network PSTN SS7/ R2MF V5.2 Access Center Village B Internet Fixed Wireless Link Up to 240 Kbps per village 15 Km range (up to 25 km with repeater) corDECT is deployed in > 15 countries Cor - DECT CPE Cor - DECT CPE
- 23. GSM - CR Combination GSMLite GSM Basestation with Cognitive Capabilities
- 24. Infrastructure Sharing Next level of sharing Multiple business models Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO)
- 25. Inter-BS distance in metros < 500 m All BS connected by optical fibre backhaul networl Potential for cooperation between basestations Interference management using BS co-operation Higher average throughput and higher cell-edge throughput possible Co-operative Communications A B A C Co-operative Comm/Scheduling GigE back-haul (IP)
- 26. Femtocells Femtocells are low-power wireless access points Operating in licensed spectrum Connect to a mobile operator’s network using Residential DSL or cable broadband connections More and more consumers want to use mobile phones at home Adequate mobile residential coverage significant challenge for operators Femtocells an attractive solution to this problem Indian market – “Wireless Femto” Scenario
- 27. India’s Emerging IT Revolution Prof. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IIT Madras 637,000 villages, 700 million people Per capita GDP about $200 Can ICT make a difference? Rural Priority is Education, Health and Livelihood Technologist view
- 28. Rural / Distributed Applications TeNeT Group IIT-M Jul 27, 2010 Ashok Jhunjhunwala, Timothy Gonsalves, Devendra Jalihal Aim is to design, develop and pilot services and applications to address the needs of socially excluded populations the elderly, in the UK and rural and under-served populations in India. The consortium provides a unique opportunity to develop solutions Scalable and relevant to many similar countries around the world. Projects initiated along with RTBI ( Rural Technology & Business Incubator ): Agriculture Disease Mitigation Advisory Service (ADMAS) Video Monitoring System (VMS) for Distributed Production Health Advisory Platform (HAP) Rural Collaborative Platform (RCP) Village Resource Mapping Platform (VRMP) Access mobility Network Mgmt Security Applications
- 29. Agricultural Expert is no longer far away … Saving to farmer - $3500 Cost of Information - half dollar A. Jhunjhunwala – Towards Doubling India’s Rural GDP After Before In a Village in Madurai, the Lady’s Finger (Okra) crop was turning white The problem was sent to the experts at the Department of Rural Extension, Madurai Agricultural College and Research Centre who diagnosed it as “Yellow Mosaic disease”
- 30. The Vet is On The Net … Goat - wound near its mouth Could not eat for a week Advice from doctor over net Cured its problem in 2 days Village of Ulgapitchanpatti Hens are dying Symptoms for these hens are …... At this stage they die Until now, 300 hens have died Please give us a solution immediately From A. Sakkarai" Govt Veterinary Officials visit and vaccinate all hens Outbreak of epidemic prevented
- 31. Health … A 60 year old near Melur L ost vision for 2 years Tie-up with Aravind eye hospital, vision was restored in one eye Remote Diagnostic tools being developed Temperature, stethoscope Blood Pressure, Sugar, ECG Monitor
- 32. Education & Multipurpose … Learning typing Computer education Photography movies on CD Email voice & video mail E-Governance Video conferencing providing Tele-medicine Vet Care E-learning E-Agriculture Rural Children create greeting on PC …
- 33. Rural Internet Service Provider $1000 (including taxes) per Kiosk Provides telephone, Internet, multimedia PC, web-camera, printer, UPS Indian language software, Video conferencing, training and maintenance Set up by a village entrepreneur Along the lines of STD PCOs Needs only $2.5 per day to break even Innovative Business Models
- 34. From London, Boston, NY To Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore Then Jaipur, Mangalore, and Pune New Business Models – Rural BPO As Chennai becomes the manufacturing hub for Nokia and BMW… Can Pinjavakkam become production hub for Chennai? Agriculture Animal Husbandry Agricultural Processing Industry IT-Based Services Trade & Commerce Key Enabler Communications
- 35. Summary A very exciting time in the field of Telecom in India An explosive growth phase - evolution of cellular systems Cellular is a driver for many new applications New applications (m-commerce, …) Emerging areas ... Wireless broadband Window of opportunity for innovation in telecom Paradigm shifts in technology – Cognitive Radio Technology Evolution and Innovation go hand-in-hand
- 36. My best wishes for success of EPFL-IITM Symposium Thank You !
- 37. David Koilpillai Profile Education B.Tech, IIT Madras, MS, PhD Caltech, USA Work Experience IIT Madras (2002 – present) Professor, TeNeT Group, EE Department CEWiT – Chief Scientist (Jan 2007 – July 2007 Co-Chair, IIT Hyderabad Task Force (June 2008 – present) Ericsson Inc, USA (1990-2002) Director, Advanced Technologies, Research and Patents (R&D team of 75 engineers, annual budget US $20 Million) Professional Areas of expertise: Cellular, wireless systems, DSP 32 Issued US patents Publications: 11 Journal, 45 Conference Research Interests: DSP applications in Wireless Ericsson Inventor of Year Award 1999 Fellow, Indian National Academy of Engineering
Editor's Notes
- #21: IITM faculty investigators GR = Gaurav Raina KS = Krishna Sivalingam MS = Mani Subramaniam SB = Srikrishna
- #23: This picture illustrates a typical rural deployment The Access center is located at the district headquarters This houses the CorDECT CO which interonnects this network to the PSTN and Internet Mostly the Basestation is colocated with the Access Center, However, depending on the deployment density, the basestations can be remotely located using E1 or xDSL interfaces. The CorDECT CPE works as a fixed wireless terminal providing both voice and data connectivity to remote villages The typical range is 15km, however it can be enhanced using cost effective repeater technology from Midas
- #29: Theme 1 titled Rural/Distributed Services and Applications is headed by Dr. Ashok Jhunjhunwala from the India side and Dr. Nishan Canagarajah of University of Bristol from the UK side. From RTBI, the leader is Dr. Aarti Kawlra. The project aims to design, develop and pilot services and applications to address the needs of socially excluded populations, particularly the elderly, in the UK and rural and under-served populations in India. The project aims to address several aspects pertaining to next generation networks and service delivery. Although, these challenges could be addressed by these countries independently, the consortium provides a unique opportunity to develop solutions which are scalable and relevant to many similar countries around the world. Of the many sub themes the Agriculture Disease Mitigation Advisory Service (ADMAS); Video Monitoring System (VMS) for Distributed Production; Health Advisory Platform (HAP); Rural Collaborative Platform (RCP) and Village Resource Mapping Platform (VRMP) have been initiated along with RTBI.