Introduction to 5G
- 1. Towards 5G project Ali Nikfal 2020-2021 Instagram: Ali.nikfal1985
- 2. CONTENTS History of Mobile Communication 5G (Use case, Requirements and Architecture) Migration and development options Economy perspective and Statistical reports
- 4. Mobile Technology Evolution Analog Voice only, Limited coverage and mobility. Example: AMPS 2G Digital Improved voice, security, coverage. SMS, data. Example GSM, CDMA 3G Mobile Data Higher data rates, smartphones, better voice. Example: HSPA / HSPA+ 4G Mobile Broadband High speed data, better smartphones. Example: LTE / LTE- A 5G eMBB, mMTC, URLLC Even higher speeds, ultra-reliable, low latency, high connection density 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1G
- 5. Focus area for different technology generations
- 6. Comparison of 2G, 3G, 4G &5G technologies Connection Speed, Latency & Density Comparison 2G 3G 4G 5G Example only. Not according to scale Speed Latency Connection Density
- 7. Concepts
- 12. 5G requirements vs Usage scenarios
- 13. 5G 1000x Mobile Data Volumes 10x-100x Connected Devices 5x Lower Latency 10x-100x End-user Data Rates 10x Battery Life for Low Power Devices Source: METIS 4G3G2G 5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society
- 16. HIGH SPEED TRAIN NGMN 5G Use Cases Example 5G use case families and related examples Ultra-reliable communications E-HEALTH SERVICES Broadcast-like services BROADCAST SERVICES Lifeline communications NATURAL DISASTER Extreme real-time communications TACTILE INTERNET Massive Internet of Things SENSOR NETWORKS Higher user mobility Broadband access in dense areas PERVASIVE VIDEO Broadband access everywhere 50+ MBPS EVERYWHERE 50
- 17. NGMN: 5G Families, Categories & Use Cases Use casesCategoriesFamilies • Moving Hot Spots • Sensor networks • Mobile video surveillance • Smart wearables (clothes) Massive low-cost/long-range/low-power MTC Broadband MTC Massive Internet of Things • 3D Connectivity: Aircrafts Airplanes connectivity • High speed train • Remote computing Mobile broadband in vehiclesHigh user mobility • Ultra-low cost networks Ultra low-cost broadband access for low ARPU areas • 50 Mbps everywhere 50+Mbps everywhereBroadband access everywhere Broadband access in a crowd • HD video/photo sharing in stadium/open-air gathering • Smart Office Broadband access in dense area Indoor ultra-high broadband access Broadband access in dense area • Pervasive video • Operator cloud services • Dense urban cloud services
- 18. NGMN: 5G Families, Categories & Use Cases Use casesCategoriesFamilies communication Broadcast like services • News and information • Broadcast like services: Local, Regional, National Broadcast like services • eHealth: Extreme Life Critical • Public safety • 3D Connectivity: Drones Ultra-high availability & reliability Ultra-high reliability & Ultra low latency Ultra-reliable • Automatic traffic control-driving • Collaborative robots • Remote object manipulation – Remote surgery • Natural disasterResilience and traffic surge Lifeline communication • Tactile internetBroadband access in dense area Extreme real time connection
- 19. Standardization status - 3GPP Timelines
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- 24. 5G: Multiple Layers for multiple needs Coverage Layer Sub-1GHz Capacity Layer 1GHz – 6GHz High Throughput Layers 6GHz – 100GHz
- 25. Types of Small Cells Rural
- 26. Examples of Small Cells
- 27. Mobile Towers or Macrocells
- 29. 5G Connected Car: In-vehicle infotainment
- 30. Topological considerations NR offers the next step in the evolution of cellular performance, but at the cost of much higher base station densities (and therefore much smaller cells). Using millimeter waves is now technologically feasible at reasonable complexity and cost. These mm wavelengths suffer poorer propagation characteristics compared with longer wavelengths: high penetration loss reduced diffraction increased scattering increased reflection, even from “small” objects such as lamp-posts higher absorption by atmosphere (rain, snow, fog, …), vegetation (leafy trees), and even human bodies
- 31. 5G Coverage Footprint – Combination of Low and High Bands Let’s make 3.7-4.2 GHz available 5G mm- 20 Gbps / 1000 MHz waves 5G 3500 mMIMO LTE-AWS 2 Gbps / 100 MHz LTE700 5G600 200 Mbps / 10 MHz IoT and critical communication with full coverage 10x capacity with LTE grid with massive MIMO 1000x local capacity • High bands for capacity • Low band for IoT and low latency critical communication
- 32. These problems can be countered by … massive multiple input multiple output antenna arrays 8x8, 16x16, … 256x256 … (?) … which become feasible at these wavelengths, even in the mobile unit, offering dynamic beamforming, allowing base stations to track moving mobiles, using low, but concentrated, RF power output … Topological considerations
- 33. Topological considerations … which become feasible at these wavelengths, even in the mobile unit, offering dynamic beamforming, allowing base stations to track moving mobiles, using low, but concentrated, RF power output …
- 34. Topological considerations … and hence permitting intelligent diversity using multipath reflections to improve (rather than detract from!) performance, re-routing the beam around obstacles;
- 35. Topological considerations “Dual Connectivity” (DC) whereby, near handover time, a mobile unit will be connected to two base stations, ensuring seamless handover.
- 36. Topological considerations Coordinated multi-point connectivity (CoMP) – improvement near cell edge to allow simultaneous connection to two or more base stations
- 37. Topological considerations Front-haul, back-haul, relay, side-haul
- 38. Topological considerations Front-haul, back-haul, relay, side-haul
- 39. Topological considerations Front-haul, back-haul, relay, side-haul
- 40. Topological considerations Fixed wireless access
- 45. ARCHITECTURE
- 49. EPC before CUPS (Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes)
- 50. EPC after CUPS
- 51. 2G / 3G Mobile Network Architecture
- 52. 4G Mobile Network Architecture
- 53. 5G Mobile Network Architecture
- 54. MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS
- 56. Option 1: SA LTE connected to EPC - Legacy
- 57. Option 2: SA NR connected to 5GC
- 58. Option 3: Non-Standalone(NSA) NR, LTE assisted, EPC connected
- 59. Option 7: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to 5GC
- 60. Evolution Architecture: Non-Standalone (NSA)
- 61. 5G Deployment Options and Migration Strategy
- 62. Economic perspective and Statistical reports
- 63. Data Traffic Growth 10 Times(2014-2020) Global Mobile Market Growth
- 66. Estimated impact attributable to mmWave spectrum on GDP and Tax revenue
- 67. Projected regional impact of mmWave spectrum by 2034
- 68. Key challenges
- 69. Projected global contribution of mmWave spectrum to GDP by use case
- 72. References: • 5G Resources – 3G4G • Rel-15 announcement on Standalone NR – 3GPP, June 2018 • Working towards full 5G in Rel-16 – 3GPP Webinar, July 2018 • Submission of initial 5G description for IMT-2020 – 3GPP, Jan 2018 • NGMN Overview on 5G RAN Functional Decomposition, Feb 2018 • 5G NR Resources, Qualcomm • Nokia: Translating 5G use cases into viable business cases, April 2017 • 5G Americas: LTE to 5G – Cellular and Broadband Innovation, August 2017 • GSMA: The 5G era: Age of boundless connectivity and intelligent automation, Feb 2017 • GTI 5G Network Architecture White Paper, Feb 2018 • Deloitte/DCMS: The impacts of mobile broadband and 5G, June 2018 • NTT Docomo: 5G RAN Standardization Trends, Jan 2018