6G Training Course Part 7: 6G Technologies - Introduction
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The document outlines the evolution of mobile network architectures from 2G to 5G and discusses the anticipated developments and technologies for 6G, including network slicing, service-based architectures, and user plane computation. It highlights the limitations of previous generations and the advancements expected in connectivity, such as extreme low latency and the integration of artificial intelligence. Additionally, the document provides references for further reading on the topic.
6G Training Course Part 7: 6G Technologies - Introduction
- 1. @3g4gUK 6G Mobile Wireless Communications Vision, Roadmap, Technologies & Use Cases 6G Technologies: Introduction ZAHID GHADIALY FEBRUARY 2021 #Free6Gtraining @6Gtraining
- 2. ©3G4G 6G Network 6G Connectivity 6G Devices
- 3. Core Network and Network Architecture Evolution SUMMARY • Recap of existing core networks • Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS) • Service Based Architecture (SBA) in 5G • 5G Network Architecture • RAN-Core Convergence ©3G4G
- 4. 2G / 3G Mobile Network Architecture ©3G4G Circuit Switched (CS) Core Air Interface Packet Switched (PS) Core Base Station Controller Base Station Transmitter / Receiver Data (IP) Network Voice (PSTN) Network Base Station User Equipment (UE) Base Station Controller Backhaul Radio Access Network (RAN) Core Network (CN) Core Network • Connects to voice and data networks • Provides Security and Authentication • Billing / Charging • Roaming Backhaul • Connects access network with core network • Example: Fiber, microwave, satellite, mesh, etc. Access Network • Connects devices over the air • Allows mobility and handovers
- 5. Evolution of Packet Mobile Core ©3G4G Legacy 2G/3G Core • Not scalable for handling large amount of signalling and data • Separation of signalling and data not possible
- 6. 4G Mobile Network Architecture ©3G4G Circuit Switched (CS) Core Air Interface Packet Switched (PS) Core Base Station Controller Base Station Transmitter / Receiver Data (IP) Network Voice (PSTN) Network Base Station User Equipment (UE) Base Station Controller Backhaul Evolution Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Data (IP) Network eNB UE Evolved Packet System (EPS) Long Term Evolution (LTE) of Radio Interface System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Radio Access Network (RAN) Core Network (CN)
- 7. EPC before CUPS (Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes) ©3G4G Data (IP) Network MME UE S-GW P-GW EPC S1- MME S1-U S1 1 SGi HSS S6a PCRF TDF SGi Gx S5/S8 eNB
- 8. EPC after CUPS ©3G4G Data (IP) Network MME UE S-GW-C P-GW-C EPC S1- MME S1- U S11 SGi HSS S6a PCRF TDF-U SGi Gx S5/S8-C P-GW-U S-GW-U TDF-C S5/S8-U Sxb Sxa Sxc eNB 3G4G Tutorial on CUPS
- 9. Evolution of Packet Mobile Core ©3G4G Legacy 2G/3G Core • Not scalable for handling large amount of signalling and data • Separation of signalling and data not possible 4G EPC • Scalable for handling large amount of signalling and data • Control and User Plane Separation introduced in R14
- 10. 5G Mobile Network Architecture ©3G4G Air Interface New & Evolution Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Data (IP) Network eNB UE Evolved Packet System (EPS) 5G Core (5GC) Data (IP) Network gNB UE 5G System (5GS) New Radio or Next- Generation RAN (NG-RAN) Radio Access Network (RAN) Core Network (CN) 5G System is defined as 3GPP system consisting of 5G Access Network (AN), 5G Core Network and UE. The 5G System provides data connectivity and services. 3GPP TS 23.501: System Architecture for the 5G System; Stage 2 3GPP TS 23.502: Procedures for the 5G System; Stage 2
- 11. Core Network Architecture Evolution in 5G ©3G4G • Functional entities • Single Core • Dedicated protocols • Service Based (SBA/SBI/NAPS) • Virtualization & Slicing • Softwarization/ Cloudification • Application Programming Interfaces • Harmonized protocols (HTTP …) • Exposure to 3rdParties • Backward & Forward Compatibility 5G Source: Georg Mayer
- 12. Control plane function group 5GS Service Based Architecture (SBA) ©3G4G Data Network (DN) gNodeB (NG-RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF AUSFFE PCFFE UDM AF UDR FE UDC N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnssf Nnef Nnrf Nudm Nausf Npcf Naf AF Application Function AMF Access and Mobility management Function AUSF Authentication Server Function DN Data Network FE Front End NEF Network Exposure Function NRF NF Repository Function NSSF Network Slice Selection Function PCF Policy Control Function (R)AN (Radio) Access Network SEPP Security Edge Protection Proxy SMF Session Management Function UDM Unified Data Management UDR Unified Data Repository UDSF Unstructured Data Storage Function UE User Equipment UPF User Plane Function
- 13. 5GS using Network Slicing ©3G4G Source: 3GPP
- 14. Evolution of Packet Mobile Core ©3G4G Legacy 2G/3G Core • Not scalable for handling large amount of signalling and data • Separation of signalling and data not possible 4G EPC • Scalable for handling large amount of signalling and data • Control and User Plane Separation introduced in R14 5G Core (5GC) • Service Based Architecture, future proofed, scalable, designed for NFV/SDN and Cloud Based Era. • User plane can easily be located at the edge or in the cloud data centre There may be no need for a new 6G Core Network
- 15. 5G Network Architecture ©3G4G DU DU DU DU Control Plane User Plane 5G Core Services Services Services Services Services Services Services CP UP CP UP 5G Edge Core UP Services CU / BBU Backhaul Midhaul Fronthaul Access Network
- 16. RAN–Core convergence ©3G4G DU DU DU DU Control Plane User Plane NG Core Services Services Services Services Services Services Services CP UP CU-CP CU-UP NGC-UP Services CU / BBU Backhaul Midhaul Fronthaul Access Network ‘Coreless RAN’
- 17. Support of non-3GPP access ©3G4G Non-3GPP Access Untrusted Trusted Wireline Next Generation Core (NGC) 3GPP Access (NG-RAN) Complete Tutorial here
- 18. Further Reading ©3G4G RAN-CORE CONVERGENCE • 5G Americas: Mobile Communications Beyond 2020 – The Evolution of 5G Towards Next G, Dec 2020 (link) • Nokia Bell Labs: Communications in the 6G Era Whitepaper, Sep 2020 (link) WIRELESS WIRELINE CONVERGENCE (WWC) • The 3G4G Blog: Three New Standards to Accelerate 5G Wireless Wireline Convergence (WWC), Nov 2020 (link) • Connectivity Technology Blog: 5G Wireline Access Architecture, Sep 2020 (link) • The 3G4G Blog: Exploring Network Convergence of Mobile, Broadband and Wi-Fi, Dec 2019 (link) • The 3G4G Blog: Introduction to 5G ATSSS - Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting, Nov 2019 (link) • The 3G4G Blog: 5G and Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC), Sep 2019 (link)
- 20. NTT Docomo’s view of 6G Technologies ©3G4G Source: NTT Docomo 6G Whitepaper
- 21. NTT Docomo 5G Evolution & 6G Summit ©3G4G Source: NTT Docomo Technical Journal, Jan 2021
- 22. Nokia: 6 Key Areas for 6G ©3G4G Details in Nokia’s 6G whitepaper
- 23. 6G Flagship’s view on Possible 6G Technologies ©3G4G Source: 6G Flagship Whitepaper #1
- 24. 6GIC 6G Technologies ©3G4G Source whitepaper
- 25. Hexa-X 6G Technological Areas ©3G4G Source: Hexa-X
- 26. List of Probable 6G Technologies ©3G4G Spectrum THz mmWave Spectrum Sharing Antenna Technologies OAM RIS Metamaterials Evolution of Duplex Half Duplex FDD In-band Full Duplex (IBFD) Evolution of Network Topology HAPS, Satellites, NTN Wireless Wireline Convergence Comprehensive AI/ML AI/ML Air Interface AI/ML at Edge AI/ML in RAN Split Computing High Precision Network Communications & Sensing Extreme Connectivity/Networking Extreme URLLC Industrial IoT Sub-Networks Localization & Sensing Security & Trust Fully Service Based, Cloud Native Networking and RAN-Core Convergence Expanded integration of variable wireless technologies Open Platforms
- 27. List of Probable 6G Technologies ©3G4G Spectrum THz mmWave Spectrum Sharing Antenna Technologies OAM RIS Metamaterials Evolution of Duplex Half Duplex FDD In-band Full Duplex (IBFD) Evolution of Network Topology HAPS, Satellites, NTN Wireless Wireline Convergence Comprehensive AI/ML AI/ML Air Interface AI/ML at Edge AI/ML in RAN Split Computing High Precision Network Communications & Sensing Extreme Connectivity/Networking Extreme URLLC Industrial IoT Sub-Networks Localization & Sensing Security & Trust Fully Service Based, Cloud Native Networking and RAN-Core Convergence Expanded integration of variable wireless technologies Open Platforms Presentations on these topics coming soon
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