Beginners: Non Terrestrial Networks (NTN)
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The document discusses non-terrestrial networks (NTN), focusing on various types of satellite orbits—geostationary (GEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), and low Earth orbit (LEO)—and their impact on connectivity. It highlights the architecture of NTN including transparent and regenerative satellite-based networks, as well as potential applications such as continuous connectivity for transport systems and remote areas. References to 3GPP studies on NTN and the evolving requirements for 5G systems are also included.
![NTN Characterization [3GPP TR 38.821]
©3G4G
Platforms Altitude range Orbit
Typical beam
footprint size
Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite 300 – 1500 km
Circular around the earth
100 – 500 km
Medium-Earth Orbit (MEO)
satellite
7000 – 25000 km 100 – 500 km
Geostationary Earth Orbit
(GEO) satellite
35 786 km notional station keeping position fixed in
terms of elevation/azimuth with respect
to a given earth point
200 – 1000 km
UAS platform (including
HAPS)
8 – 50 km (20 km for HAPS) 5 - 200 km
High Elliptical Orbit (HEO)
satellite
400 – 50000 km Elliptical around the earth 200 – 1000 km
UAS - Unmanned Aircraft Systems
LTA - Lighter than Air UAS
HTA - Heavier than Air UAS](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/basics037nonterrestrialnetworks-190804185015/85/Beginners-Non-Terrestrial-Networks-NTN-14-320.jpg)
Beginners: Non Terrestrial Networks (NTN)
- 2. Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks ©3G4G Terrestrial Networks © 3G4G
- 3. Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks ©3G4G Aircraft • Typically 9 to 11.5 kmTerrestrial Networks © 3G4G
- 4. Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks ©3G4G Satellites • GEO – 35,786 km • MEO – 7,000 to 25,000 km • LEO – 300 to 1,500 km Aircraft • Typically 9 to 11.5 kmTerrestrial Networks © 3G4G
- 5. Summary of proposed LEO Constellations Designs ©3G4G Source: Semantic Scholar
- 6. Telesat vs SpaceX vs OneWeb ©3G4G Source: MIT
- 7. ©3G4G
- 8. How Satellite Connectivity Works ©3G4G Internet Satellite Gateway Or Earth Station Satellite Terrestrial Base Station Earth Station Communication Link Mobile phones Satellite phone
- 9. How Satellite Connectivity Works ©3G4G Internet Satellite Gateway Or Earth Station Satellite Terrestrial Base Station Earth Station Communication Link Mobile phones Satellite phone Mobile Network Operator Core Network / Data Center
- 10. Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks ©3G4G Satellites • GEO – 35,786 km • MEO – 7,000 to 25,000 km • LEO – 300 to 1,500 km UAS • UAS Range – 8 to 50 km • Typically 18 to 27 km • HAPS – 20 km Aircraft • Typically 9 to 11.5 kmTerrestrial Networks © 3G4G UAS = Unmanned Aircraft System HAPS = High-Altitude Platform Station
- 11. Different Types of HAPS and Altitudes ©3G4G © 3G4G Aeroplane 9 to 11.5 km Google Loon 20 km Unmanned drones 20 - 25 km Aerostatic HAPS 20 km HAPSMobile 20 km
- 12. ©3G4G Source: 3GPP 3GPP TS 22.261 (Rel-15) 3GPP TR 22.822 (Rel-16) 3GPP TS 22.261 (Rel-16)
- 14. NTN Characterization [3GPP TR 38.821] ©3G4G Platforms Altitude range Orbit Typical beam footprint size Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite 300 – 1500 km Circular around the earth 100 – 500 km Medium-Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite 7000 – 25000 km 100 – 500 km Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite 35 786 km notional station keeping position fixed in terms of elevation/azimuth with respect to a given earth point 200 – 1000 km UAS platform (including HAPS) 8 – 50 km (20 km for HAPS) 5 - 200 km High Elliptical Orbit (HEO) satellite 400 – 50000 km Elliptical around the earth 200 – 1000 km UAS - Unmanned Aircraft Systems LTA - Lighter than Air UAS HTA - Heavier than Air UAS
- 15. NTN Architectures ©3G4G 1. Transparent-satellite based NG-RAN architecture, 2. Regenerative-satellite based NG-RAN architecture with gNB on board, and 3. Regenerative-satellite based NG-RAN architecture with gNB- DU on board. 3GPP TR 38.821: Solutions for NR to support non-terrestrial networks (NTN)
- 16. Evolving from single-node in 4G to split function architecture in 5G ©3G4G Source: ITU-T GSTR-TN5G Transport network support of IMT-2020/5G UPUP L1'L1' RRU BBU EPC S1 CPRI CN CU DU RRU F1 NG eCPRI/CPRI/ NGFI L1",L2-RTL1",L2-RT L2-NRT,L3L2-NRT,L3 UPUP CPCP/UP corecore 4G 5G Xn X2 BBU – BaseBand Unit CU – Central Unit DU – Distributed Unit RRU – Remote Radio Unit
- 17. Mapping of CU and DU functions according to the split points ©3G4G CU – Central Unit DU – Distributed Unit RU – Remote Unit RRH – Remote Radio Head NGC – Next-generation Core
- 18. Transparent-satellite based NG-RAN architecture ©3G4G UE gNB NR Uu NG N6 5G CN Data Network NTN Gateway NG-RAN Remote Radio Unit
- 19. Regenerative-satellite based NG-RAN architecture with gNB on board ©3G4G UE gNB NR Uu NG N6 5G CN Data Network NTN Gateway NG-RAN NG over SRI
- 20. Regenerative-satellite based NG-RAN architecture with gNB-DU on board ©3G4G UE gNB-DU NR Uu NG N6 5G CN Data Network NTN Gateway NG-RAN F1 over SRI F1 gNB-CU
- 21. ©3G4G
- 22. Use-Cases and Applications ©3G4G • Continuity in connection over trains, boats, planes, etc. • Connectivity for ships out in the ocean • Service availability everywhere, especially for emergency communications • Connectivity for rural, remote, unserved and underserved areas • Connectivity for M2M/IoT devices • 3GPP TR 38.811, section 4.2 provides a lot more use cases for anyone interested
- 23. 3GPP References ©3G4G • 3GPP TS 22.261: Service requirements for the 5G system; Stage 1 • 3GPP TR 22.822: Study on using Satellite Access in 5G; Stage 1 • 3GPP TR 38.811: Study on New Radio (NR) to support non terrestrial networks • 3GPP TSG RAN meeting #83 RP-190710: Revised SID for Study on solutions for NR to support non-terrestrial networks (NTN) • 3GPP TR 38.821: Solutions for NR to support non-terrestrial networks (NTN) • 3GPP TS 38.401: NG-RAN; Architecture description
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