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5g architecture, Industrial Training

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SumanPramanik7

The document discusses the evolution of network architectures from 2G to 5G. It describes the key network elements and interfaces in 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G networks. The 5G network architecture uses both a reference point architecture for the user plane and a service-based architecture for the control plane. The main network functions in the 5G control plane are the AMF, SMF, UDM, AUSF, NSSF, NEF, NRF and UDR. The UPF is the main network element in the user plane.

Engineering
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5G System Architecture By TK Mondal SDE, RTTC, Kalyani
5G System Architecture
Network Architecture Evolution from 2G to 5G
Network Elements User Equipment (UE) Access Network (AN) CoreNetwork (CN) LTE-4G New Radio- NR-5G
The‘2G’GSMNetworkArchitecture BSC BTS MSC Voice (PSTN) Network MS BSS MSC = Mobile Switching Centre BSS = Base Station Subsystem BSC = Base Station Controller BTS = Base Transceiver Station MS = Mobile Station Access Network Core Network Air Interface 2G
The‘2.5G’GPRSEnhancement BSC BTS MSC Voice (PSTN) Network Data (IP) Network GGSN SGSN Access Network Core Network Air Interface MS BSS 2G 2.5G GPRS = General Packet Radio Service SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node
The‘3G’UMTSNetworkArchitecture BSC BTS MSC Voice (PSTN) Network Data (IP) Network RNC Node B GGSN SGSN Access Network Core Network Air Interface MS UE BSS RNS 2G 2.5G 3G UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service RNC = Radio Network Controller RNS = Radio Network Subsystem UE = User Equipment
The4GLTENetworkArchitecture BSC BT S MSC Voice (PSTN) Network Data (IP) Network RNC Node B eNodeB MME GGSN SGSN Access Network EPC = Evolved Packet Core MME = Mobility Management Entity S-GW = Serving Gateway P-GW = PDN Gateway PDN = Packet Data Network eNodeB = evolved NodeB Core Network Air Interface MS UE UE BSS RNS S-GW P-GW 2G 2.5G 3G 4G EPC
The‘4G’LTENetworkArchitecture Data (IP) Network eNodeB MME Access Network Core Network Air Interface UE S-GW P-GW EPC = Evolved Packet Core MME = Mobility Management Entity S-GW = Serving Gateway P-GW = PDN Gateway PDN = Packet Data Network eNodeB= evolved NodeB EPC 4G
EPC beforeCUPS Data (IP) Network eNode B MM E U E S- GW P- GW EPC S1- MME S1- U S1 1 SG i HSS S6a PCRF TDF SG i G x S5/S8 Traffic Detection Function
EPC beforeCUPS Data (IP) Network eNode B MM E U E S- GW P- GW EPC S1- MME S1- U S11 SG i HSS S6a PCRF TD F SG i G x S5/S 8
EPC afterCUPS Data (IP) Network eNode B MM E U E S-GW-C P-GW-C EPC S1- MME S1- U S11 SG i HSS S6a PCRF TDF-U SG i G x S5/S8-C P-GW-U S-GW-U TDF-C S5/S8-U Sx b Sxa Sxc Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes (CUPS) in 3GPP Release-14, CUPS forms the basis of EPC architecture evolution for Service-Based Architecture for 5G network.
Overall 5GArchitecture 5G system (5GS)
Unlike Previous Generation Core Network of 5G is design to work seamlessly with more than one access technology.
The 5G System (SGS) includes the 5G Core Network (CN), the 5G Access Network (AN) and the User Equipment (UE). The 5G Core Network provides connectivity to the internet and to application servers. The 5G Access Network can be a 3GPP Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG RAN), or a non-3GPP Access Network. 5G System
Network element 1. Network element 2 Network element 3 Set 'A' Procedures specified for this interface Set ‘B' Procedures specified for this interface Concept of Reference Point system architecture Point to point Interface Point to point Interface
3GPP has specified both 'Reference Point' and 'Service based' architectures for the 5G System (SGS). The 'Reference Point' architecture is based upon a set of Network Elements (NE) which use point-to-point interfaces to inter-connect those Network Elements. Signalling procedures are specified for each point-to- point interface. The 'Reference Point' architecture can lead to repetition within the specifications if the same signalling procedure is used across multiple interfaces
Concept of Service based system architecture Network function 1 Network function 2 Network function 3 Common Bus Service 'A' Service ‘B' Service ‘C' Service ‘D' Service ‘E' Service ‘F'
The 'Service based' architecture replaces the set of Network Elements with a set of Network Functions (NF). Each Network Function can provide services to other Network Functions, i.e. each Network Function is a service provider. This type of architecture is service based architecture. The point-to-point interfaces are replaced by a common bus which inter- connects all Network Functions. Services are specified for the Network Function providing them, rather than for each pair of providing and consuming Network Functions Concept of Service based system architecture
3GPP 5G network Reference Point architecture Authentication Server Function Unified Data Management Access and Mobility Mgmt Function Session Management Function Policy Control Function User Plane Function Data Network Application Function
5G interfaces (reference points) •NG1: Reference point between the UE and the Access and Mobility Management function. •NG2: Reference point between the (R)AN and the Access and Mobility Management function. •NG3: Reference point between the (R)AN and the User plane function (UPF). •NG4: Reference point between the Session Management function (SMF) and the User plane function (UPF). •NG5: Reference point between the Policy Function (PCF) and an Application Function (AF). •NG6: Reference point between the UP function (UPF) and a Data Network (DN). •NG7: Reference point between the Session Management function (SMF) and the Policy Control function (PCF). •NG7r: Reference point between the vPCF and the hPCF. •NG8: Reference point between Unified Data Management and AMF. •NG9: Reference point between two Core User plane functions (UPFs). •NG10: Reference point between UDM and SMF. •NG11: Reference point between Access and Mobility Management function (AMF) and Session Management function (SMF). •NG12: Reference point between Access and Mobility Management function (AMF) and Authentication Server function (AUSF). •NG13: Reference point between UDM and Authentication Server function (AUSF). •NG14: Reference point between 2 Access and Mobility Management function (AMF). •NG15: Reference point between the PCF and the AMF in case of non-roaming scenario, V-PCF and AMF in case of roaming scenario. •NG16: Reference point between two SMFs, (in roaming case between V-SMF and the H-SMF).
SERVICE BASED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE The 5G System Service Based architecture specifies a set of Network Functions (NF) and a common bus which inter-connects those Network Functions. The Service Based architecture is applicable to the control plane section of the 5G Core Network. The Reference Point architecture remains for the user plane section of the 5G Core Network.
Control plane function group 5GS Service BasedArchitecture (SBA) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function
Control plane function group 5GS Service BasedArchitecture (SBA) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF N3
User Plane Function(UPF) The User Plane Function (UPF) is responsible for routing and forward user plane packets between the Base Station and the external Data Network The UPF is responsible for tracking the volume of data transferred by each PDU Session and reporting this information to the SMF. The SMF provides these reports to the charging system for billing purposes The UPF acts as an anchor point for mobility procedures which do not involve a change of UPF. In general, the majority of handovers will not require the UPF to be changed. In these cases, the data path is simply switched from the source Base Station to the target Base Station
User plane function UPF Control plane function group 5GS Service BasedArchitecture (SBA) Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE N3 N6
Control plane function group 5G UE SMF N4 User plane function UPF Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) N3 N6 Session Management Function(SMF)
Session Management Function(SMF) The Session Management Function (SMF) is a control plane function within the 5G Core Network. The primary responsibilities of the SMF include- •PDU Session (EPS Bearer in 4G)Management •IP Address Allocation to UE •GTP-U Tunnel Management •Downlink Notification Management refers to the initiation of the paging procedure There can be multiple SMFs associated with the UE. One for each slice.
Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Access & Mobility management Function(AMF)
Access & Mobility management Function(AMF) The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) is a corntrol plane function within the 5G Core Network. The primary responsibilities of the AMF include: Registration Management- Registration Management allows a UE to register and deregister with the 5G System, A UE must complete the registration procedure to receive authorization to use SG services. Reachability Management- Reachability Management is used to ensure that a UE is always reachable. Connection Management- Connection Management is used to establish and release the conitrol plane signalling connection between the UE and the AMF, i.e.across the N1interface Mobility Management- UE Mobility Management procedures are used to support handover procedures.
Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Network Slice Selection Function(NSSF)
Network Slice Selection Function(NSSF) The Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) is a control plane function within the 5G Core Network. The NSSF is connected to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) using the N22 Reference Point. The AMF can request the NSSF to complete Network Slice selection during the UE Registration procedure. A single Network Slice is identified by its Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (S-NSSAI). A set of one or more Network Slices is identified by its Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (NSSAI). The AMF can provide the NSSF with the following information: Subscribed S- NSSAI, with an indication of any default S- NSSAI.
Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Network Exposure Function(NEF)
Network Exposure Function(NEF) The NEF is able to provide information regarding the capability of Network Functions within the 5G System to external Network Functions, i.e. it is able to expose certain network capabilities. For example, the NEF is able to expose the network monitoring capability. This allows extemal Network Functions to subscribe to the reporting of specific events. Network Functions within the SG System are able to report specific events to the NEF. The NEF can then provide reports of those events to other Network Functions. Example events include: •loss of connectivity for a specific UE - reported by theAMF •location information for a specific UE - reported by theAMF •A change in the relationship between Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and Permanent Equipment Identifier (PEI),i.e. an end-user moves a USIM from one device to another - reported by the UDM •Roaming status for a specific UE - reported by the UDM
Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Nnrf Network Repository Function (NRF)
Network Repository Function(NRF) The Network Function Repository Function (NRF) plays a central role within the Service Based architecture. Network Functions register the services they offer with the NRF. They then use the NRF as a database to discover the services offered by other Network Functions. Network Functions are expected to complete the Service Registration procedure when they first become active in the network. Network Functions provide a list of their services in addition to their Network Function type and contact details, i.e. an IP address or Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).
Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF UD M UD R N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Nnrf Nudm Unified Data Repository(UDR)
Unified Data Repository(UDR) The Unified Data Repository (UDR) is used to store data belonging to the Unified Data Management (UDM) Network Function, Policy Control Function (PCF) and Network Exposure Function (NEF), i.e. the UDR is able to store: •Subscription data which can be retrieved by a UDM •Policy data which can be retrieved by a PCF •Structured data which can be retrieved and exposed by an NEF
Unified Data Management(UDM) The Unified Data Management (UDM) is a control plane function within the 5G Core Network. It is similar to the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) within the 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The UDM manages subscriber data and may also store subscriber data. The subscriber data can be stored locally within a UDM. or it can be stored within a Unified Data Repository (UDR). The latter solution allows multiple UDM to access the subscriber data from a central storage location The Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) is managed by the UDM. 3GPP devices use their International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) as the SUPI. Non-3GPP devices can use their Network Access Identifier (NAI) as the SUPI.
Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF AUSF UD M UD R N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Nnrf Nudm Nausf Authentication Server Function(AUSF)
Authentication Server Function(AUSF) • Its primary function is to support both subscriber and network authentication, • i.e. the network verifies that the UE is a genuine authorized subscriber, while the UE verifies that the network is genuine. • The Authentication procedure is completed between the UE and the AUSF. However, the AUSF cannot communicate directly with the UE. The AMF isused to relay information between the UE and AUSF.
Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF AUSF PCF UD M UD R N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Nnrf Nudm Nausf Npcf Policy Control Function(PCF)
Policy Control Function(PCF) The Policy Control Function (PCF) is a control plane function within the 5G Core Network. It is responsible for providing policies associated with mobility management and policies associated with session management. Mobility management policies can impact UE mobility in both RRC Idle and RRC Connected modes. Session Management polices impact the Quality of Service (QoS) offered by a PDU Session. Session Management polices also offer a mechanism to manage subscriber spending limits.
Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF AUSFFE PCFFE UD M AF UD R FE UD C N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Nnrf Nudm Nausf Npcf Naf Application Function (AF)
Application Function (AF) The Application Function (AF) is a control plane function within the 5G Core Network. The Application Function acts as an application server providing support for specific services. For example, there could be an Application Function for a video streaming service. Application Functions with direct access to the 5G Core Network are connected to the PCF using the N5 Reference Point. If an Application Function does not have direct access to the 5G Core Network then it can use the Network Exposure Function (NEF) to provide connectivity. 3rd party Application Functions may be untrusted and be required to use the NEF. Application Functions are able to influence User Plane Function (UPF) selection and also traffic routing towards specific Data Networks. Application Functions send requests to the PCF. The PCF can translate those requests into policies for specific PDU Sessions. The policies arc subsequently provided to the Session Management Function (SMF).
5G/NR - RAN Architecture
5G/NR - RAN Architecture
5G/NR - RAN Architecture Why the Split ? Split helps to virtualize the network functionalities Virtualization usually mean flexibility and cost reduction. With this kind of split, we can think of a RAN implementation as illustrated below. At least as of now, it would be difficult to virtualize the lower layer of gNB(PHY/MAC/RLC), but you would be able to put higher layer protocol stack (PDCP and above) into a open hardware and software- based protocol stack.
5g architecture, Industrial Training
5G/NR - RAN Architecture
Thank You For your time

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5g architecture, Industrial Training

  • 1. 5G System Architecture By TK Mondal SDE, RTTC, Kalyani
  • 4. Network Elements User Equipment (UE) Access Network (AN) CoreNetwork (CN) LTE-4G New Radio- NR-5G
  • 5. The‘2G’GSMNetworkArchitecture BSC BTS MSC Voice (PSTN) Network MS BSS MSC = Mobile Switching Centre BSS = Base Station Subsystem BSC = Base Station Controller BTS = Base Transceiver Station MS = Mobile Station Access Network Core Network Air Interface 2G
  • 6. The‘2.5G’GPRSEnhancement BSC BTS MSC Voice (PSTN) Network Data (IP) Network GGSN SGSN Access Network Core Network Air Interface MS BSS 2G 2.5G GPRS = General Packet Radio Service SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node
  • 7. The‘3G’UMTSNetworkArchitecture BSC BTS MSC Voice (PSTN) Network Data (IP) Network RNC Node B GGSN SGSN Access Network Core Network Air Interface MS UE BSS RNS 2G 2.5G 3G UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service RNC = Radio Network Controller RNS = Radio Network Subsystem UE = User Equipment
  • 8. The4GLTENetworkArchitecture BSC BT S MSC Voice (PSTN) Network Data (IP) Network RNC Node B eNodeB MME GGSN SGSN Access Network EPC = Evolved Packet Core MME = Mobility Management Entity S-GW = Serving Gateway P-GW = PDN Gateway PDN = Packet Data Network eNodeB = evolved NodeB Core Network Air Interface MS UE UE BSS RNS S-GW P-GW 2G 2.5G 3G 4G EPC
  • 9. The‘4G’LTENetworkArchitecture Data (IP) Network eNodeB MME Access Network Core Network Air Interface UE S-GW P-GW EPC = Evolved Packet Core MME = Mobility Management Entity S-GW = Serving Gateway P-GW = PDN Gateway PDN = Packet Data Network eNodeB= evolved NodeB EPC 4G
  • 12. EPC afterCUPS Data (IP) Network eNode B MM E U E S-GW-C P-GW-C EPC S1- MME S1- U S11 SG i HSS S6a PCRF TDF-U SG i G x S5/S8-C P-GW-U S-GW-U TDF-C S5/S8-U Sx b Sxa Sxc Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes (CUPS) in 3GPP Release-14, CUPS forms the basis of EPC architecture evolution for Service-Based Architecture for 5G network.
  • 14. Unlike Previous Generation Core Network of 5G is design to work seamlessly with more than one access technology.
  • 15. The 5G System (SGS) includes the 5G Core Network (CN), the 5G Access Network (AN) and the User Equipment (UE). The 5G Core Network provides connectivity to the internet and to application servers. The 5G Access Network can be a 3GPP Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG RAN), or a non-3GPP Access Network. 5G System
  • 16. Network element 1. Network element 2 Network element 3 Set 'A' Procedures specified for this interface Set ‘B' Procedures specified for this interface Concept of Reference Point system architecture Point to point Interface Point to point Interface
  • 17. 3GPP has specified both 'Reference Point' and 'Service based' architectures for the 5G System (SGS). The 'Reference Point' architecture is based upon a set of Network Elements (NE) which use point-to-point interfaces to inter-connect those Network Elements. Signalling procedures are specified for each point-to- point interface. The 'Reference Point' architecture can lead to repetition within the specifications if the same signalling procedure is used across multiple interfaces
  • 18. Concept of Service based system architecture Network function 1 Network function 2 Network function 3 Common Bus Service 'A' Service ‘B' Service ‘C' Service ‘D' Service ‘E' Service ‘F'
  • 19. The 'Service based' architecture replaces the set of Network Elements with a set of Network Functions (NF). Each Network Function can provide services to other Network Functions, i.e. each Network Function is a service provider. This type of architecture is service based architecture. The point-to-point interfaces are replaced by a common bus which inter- connects all Network Functions. Services are specified for the Network Function providing them, rather than for each pair of providing and consuming Network Functions Concept of Service based system architecture
  • 20. 3GPP 5G network Reference Point architecture Authentication Server Function Unified Data Management Access and Mobility Mgmt Function Session Management Function Policy Control Function User Plane Function Data Network Application Function
  • 21. 5G interfaces (reference points) •NG1: Reference point between the UE and the Access and Mobility Management function. •NG2: Reference point between the (R)AN and the Access and Mobility Management function. •NG3: Reference point between the (R)AN and the User plane function (UPF). •NG4: Reference point between the Session Management function (SMF) and the User plane function (UPF). •NG5: Reference point between the Policy Function (PCF) and an Application Function (AF). •NG6: Reference point between the UP function (UPF) and a Data Network (DN). •NG7: Reference point between the Session Management function (SMF) and the Policy Control function (PCF). •NG7r: Reference point between the vPCF and the hPCF. •NG8: Reference point between Unified Data Management and AMF. •NG9: Reference point between two Core User plane functions (UPFs). •NG10: Reference point between UDM and SMF. •NG11: Reference point between Access and Mobility Management function (AMF) and Session Management function (SMF). •NG12: Reference point between Access and Mobility Management function (AMF) and Authentication Server function (AUSF). •NG13: Reference point between UDM and Authentication Server function (AUSF). •NG14: Reference point between 2 Access and Mobility Management function (AMF). •NG15: Reference point between the PCF and the AMF in case of non-roaming scenario, V-PCF and AMF in case of roaming scenario. •NG16: Reference point between two SMFs, (in roaming case between V-SMF and the H-SMF).
  • 22. SERVICE BASED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE The 5G System Service Based architecture specifies a set of Network Functions (NF) and a common bus which inter-connects those Network Functions. The Service Based architecture is applicable to the control plane section of the 5G Core Network. The Reference Point architecture remains for the user plane section of the 5G Core Network.
  • 23. Control plane function group 5GS Service BasedArchitecture (SBA) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function
  • 24. Control plane function group 5GS Service BasedArchitecture (SBA) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF N3
  • 25. User Plane Function(UPF) The User Plane Function (UPF) is responsible for routing and forward user plane packets between the Base Station and the external Data Network The UPF is responsible for tracking the volume of data transferred by each PDU Session and reporting this information to the SMF. The SMF provides these reports to the charging system for billing purposes The UPF acts as an anchor point for mobility procedures which do not involve a change of UPF. In general, the majority of handovers will not require the UPF to be changed. In these cases, the data path is simply switched from the source Base Station to the target Base Station
  • 26. User plane function UPF Control plane function group 5GS Service BasedArchitecture (SBA) Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE N3 N6
  • 28. Session Management Function(SMF) The Session Management Function (SMF) is a control plane function within the 5G Core Network. The primary responsibilities of the SMF include- •PDU Session (EPS Bearer in 4G)Management •IP Address Allocation to UE •GTP-U Tunnel Management •Downlink Notification Management refers to the initiation of the paging procedure There can be multiple SMFs associated with the UE. One for each slice.
  • 29. Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Access & Mobility management Function(AMF)
  • 30. Access & Mobility management Function(AMF) The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) is a corntrol plane function within the 5G Core Network. The primary responsibilities of the AMF include: Registration Management- Registration Management allows a UE to register and deregister with the 5G System, A UE must complete the registration procedure to receive authorization to use SG services. Reachability Management- Reachability Management is used to ensure that a UE is always reachable. Connection Management- Connection Management is used to establish and release the conitrol plane signalling connection between the UE and the AMF, i.e.across the N1interface Mobility Management- UE Mobility Management procedures are used to support handover procedures.
  • 31. Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Network Slice Selection Function(NSSF)
  • 32. Network Slice Selection Function(NSSF) The Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) is a control plane function within the 5G Core Network. The NSSF is connected to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) using the N22 Reference Point. The AMF can request the NSSF to complete Network Slice selection during the UE Registration procedure. A single Network Slice is identified by its Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (S-NSSAI). A set of one or more Network Slices is identified by its Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (NSSAI). The AMF can provide the NSSF with the following information: Subscribed S- NSSAI, with an indication of any default S- NSSAI.
  • 33. Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Network Exposure Function(NEF)
  • 34. Network Exposure Function(NEF) The NEF is able to provide information regarding the capability of Network Functions within the 5G System to external Network Functions, i.e. it is able to expose certain network capabilities. For example, the NEF is able to expose the network monitoring capability. This allows extemal Network Functions to subscribe to the reporting of specific events. Network Functions within the SG System are able to report specific events to the NEF. The NEF can then provide reports of those events to other Network Functions. Example events include: •loss of connectivity for a specific UE - reported by theAMF •location information for a specific UE - reported by theAMF •A change in the relationship between Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and Permanent Equipment Identifier (PEI),i.e. an end-user moves a USIM from one device to another - reported by the UDM •Roaming status for a specific UE - reported by the UDM
  • 35. Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Nnrf Network Repository Function (NRF)
  • 36. Network Repository Function(NRF) The Network Function Repository Function (NRF) plays a central role within the Service Based architecture. Network Functions register the services they offer with the NRF. They then use the NRF as a database to discover the services offered by other Network Functions. Network Functions are expected to complete the Service Registration procedure when they first become active in the network. Network Functions provide a list of their services in addition to their Network Function type and contact details, i.e. an IP address or Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).
  • 37. Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF UD M UD R N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Nnrf Nudm Unified Data Repository(UDR)
  • 38. Unified Data Repository(UDR) The Unified Data Repository (UDR) is used to store data belonging to the Unified Data Management (UDM) Network Function, Policy Control Function (PCF) and Network Exposure Function (NEF), i.e. the UDR is able to store: •Subscription data which can be retrieved by a UDM •Policy data which can be retrieved by a PCF •Structured data which can be retrieved and exposed by an NEF
  • 39. Unified Data Management(UDM) The Unified Data Management (UDM) is a control plane function within the 5G Core Network. It is similar to the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) within the 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The UDM manages subscriber data and may also store subscriber data. The subscriber data can be stored locally within a UDM. or it can be stored within a Unified Data Repository (UDR). The latter solution allows multiple UDM to access the subscriber data from a central storage location The Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) is managed by the UDM. 3GPP devices use their International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) as the SUPI. Non-3GPP devices can use their Network Access Identifier (NAI) as the SUPI.
  • 40. Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF AUSF UD M UD R N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Nnrf Nudm Nausf Authentication Server Function(AUSF)
  • 41. Authentication Server Function(AUSF) • Its primary function is to support both subscriber and network authentication, • i.e. the network verifies that the UE is a genuine authorized subscriber, while the UE verifies that the network is genuine. • The Authentication procedure is completed between the UE and the AUSF. However, the AUSF cannot communicate directly with the UE. The AMF isused to relay information between the UE and AUSF.
  • 42. Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF AUSF PCF UD M UD R N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Nnrf Nudm Nausf Npcf Policy Control Function(PCF)
  • 43. Policy Control Function(PCF) The Policy Control Function (PCF) is a control plane function within the 5G Core Network. It is responsible for providing policies associated with mobility management and policies associated with session management. Mobility management policies can impact UE mobility in both RRC Idle and RRC Connected modes. Session Management polices impact the Quality of Service (QoS) offered by a PDU Session. Session Management polices also offer a mechanism to manage subscriber spending limits.
  • 44. Control plane function group Data Network (DN) gNode B (NG- RAN) 5G UE User plane function UPF AMF SMF NSSF NEF NRF AUSFFE PCFFE UD M AF UD R FE UD C N1 N2 N3 N6 N4 Nnss f Nnef Nnrf Nudm Nausf Npcf Naf Application Function (AF)
  • 45. Application Function (AF) The Application Function (AF) is a control plane function within the 5G Core Network. The Application Function acts as an application server providing support for specific services. For example, there could be an Application Function for a video streaming service. Application Functions with direct access to the 5G Core Network are connected to the PCF using the N5 Reference Point. If an Application Function does not have direct access to the 5G Core Network then it can use the Network Exposure Function (NEF) to provide connectivity. 3rd party Application Functions may be untrusted and be required to use the NEF. Application Functions are able to influence User Plane Function (UPF) selection and also traffic routing towards specific Data Networks. Application Functions send requests to the PCF. The PCF can translate those requests into policies for specific PDU Sessions. The policies arc subsequently provided to the Session Management Function (SMF).
  • 46. 5G/NR - RAN Architecture
  • 48. 5G/NR - RAN Architecture Why the Split ? Split helps to virtualize the network functionalities Virtualization usually mean flexibility and cost reduction. With this kind of split, we can think of a RAN implementation as illustrated below. At least as of now, it would be difficult to virtualize the lower layer of gNB(PHY/MAC/RLC), but you would be able to put higher layer protocol stack (PDCP and above) into a open hardware and software- based protocol stack.
  • 50. 5G/NR - RAN Architecture