SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Beginners: 5G Spectrum - Long Version

3G4G, profile picture
3G4G

The document discusses the frequency spectrum for 5G technology, defining it in two main ranges: Frequency Range 1 (FR1) from 450 MHz to 7.125 GHz and Frequency Range 2 (FR2) from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. It highlights the significance of selecting appropriate frequencies for different applications, noting the importance of millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies and their characteristics. Additionally, the document outlines the global spectrum agreement process and popular bands used in 5G communication.

Technology
Related topics:
Electromagnetic Spectrum
1 of 49
Downloaded 571 times
1
2
3
Most read
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Most read
12
13
14
15
Most read
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
5G Spectrum Long Version @3g4gUK
©3G4G THIS IS LONG VERSION – FOR SHORT VERSION CLICK ON THE LINK ON TOP RIGHT
©3G4G
©3G4G Electromagnetic Spectrum covers Electromagnetic Waves with frequencies ranging from below 1 hertz to above 1025 hertz
©3G4G The Radio Spectrum is part of spectrum from 3Hz to 3000GHz (3 THz)
©3G4G 5G is only looking at frequencies from 450 MHz to 52.6 GHz 3GPP has divided 5G frequencies in 2 parts: • Frequency Range 1 (FR1): 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz • Frequency Range 2 (FR2): 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz
©3G4G 5G is only looking at frequencies from 450 MHz to 52.6 GHz 3GPP has divided 5G frequencies in 2 parts: • Frequency Range 1 (FR1): 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz • Frequency Range 2 (FR2): 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Technically mmWave starts from 30 GHz but people refer to all frequencies in FR2 as mmWave
©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
Popular Frequency bands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz 2G, 3G, 4G Non millimeter wave 5G Millimeter wave 5G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz)
Wi-Fi Spectrum around the world ©3G4G
Summary: Popular Frequency bands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz Millimeter wave 5G 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz) 2G 2G/4G3G 4G Non-mmWave5Gnon-mmWave 5G 10 GHz0 GHz
Summary of Spectrum Band Names ©3G4G Note: Not according to scale 300MHz 1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 4GHz UHF 8GHz 12GHz 18GHz 27GHz 30GHz 40GHz SHF 75GHz 110GHz 300GHz EHF 30MHz VHF millimetre wave (mmWave / mmW)centimetre wave (cmWave) Microwaves LIEEE Bands S C X Ku K Ka V W ITU-R Bands E E 86GHz57GHz V 71-76, 81-86GHz 57-66GHz ITU Band Designation Important Bands to remember: • C band: 3.4 – 4.2, 4.5 – 4.8, 5.85 – 7.075 GHz • Ku band: 12 – 18 GHz • K band: 18 – 26.5 GHz • Ka band: 26.5 – 40 GHz • mmWave start from 30 GHz C 3.4-4.2, 4.5-4.8, 5.85-7.075GHz For more details, see: Rec. ITU-R V.431-7 DWaveguide Bands 110 - 170 GHz Q 33 - 50 GHz
Importance of Frequency selection ©3G4G 2.1GHz 900MHz Higher frequency means faster decay Lower frequency means more number of users in a given cell Higher frequency gets reflected from walls and have poor penetration Lower frequency gets attenuated from walls but still penetrates
5G: Multiple Layers for multiple needs ©3G4G Coverage Layer Sub-1GHz Capacity Layer 1GHz – 7.125GHz High Throughput Layers 24.25GHz – 52.6GHz
5G Needs Different Frequency Bands ©3G4G Coverage Layer Sub-1GHz Capacity Layer 1GHz – 7.125GHz High Throughput Layers 24.25GHz – 52.6GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G Non-mmWave 5G
5G Frequency Study / Agreement Process ©3G4G World Radio Conference (WRC) • Every 4 years • Last one was WRC-15 • Next one is WRC-19 WRC-15 • Spectrum agreed for IMT under 6 GHz • Agreed study of spectrum for IMT above 6GHz • Results discussed in WRC-19 (28 Oct – 22 Nov) ITU-R ITU-R Study Groups ITU-R SG5 (Terrestrial Services) WRC-19 Studies Discussion
5G Spectrum ©3G4G ITU WRC- 15 Report from NTT Docomo Technical Journal
Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6–4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz4GHz3GHz<1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study
Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6–4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz4GHz3GHz<1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study Non-mmWave 5G Coverage Layer
Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6–4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz4GHz3GHz<1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study Non-mmWave 5G Capacity Layer
Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6–4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz4GHz3GHz<1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study mmWave 5G High-Throughput Layer Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band
Summary: Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G Picture Source: Deutsche Telekom / T-Mobile USA 700 MHz – most popular band 3.5 GHz – most popular band 26/28 GHz – most popular band
5G Bands Defined by 3GPP ©3G4G New Bands in 5G, not in LTE
5G needs large amounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G
5G Deployment Options and Migration Strategy ©3G4G EPC 5GC (NGCN) SA NSA eNB EPC Option 1: SA LTE connected to EPC Option 2: SA NR connected to 5GC (Standalone) (Non-Standalone) [Dual Connectivity] ng-eNBgNB 5GC Option 5: SA LTE connected to 5GC Option 3: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to EPC Option 4: NSA NR assisted LTE connected to 5GC Option 7: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to 5GC Migration Strategy Option 1 ↗ Option 2 ↘ Option 3 Option 3 ↗ Option 7 ↘ Option 5 Option 3 ↗ Option 3 ↘ Option 2 Option 3 ↗ Option 4 ↘ Option 2 [EN-DC] [NE-DC] [NGEN-DC] 5GC 5GC gNB ng-eNB 5GC gNB ng-eNB EPC eNB en-gNB Non-Standalone 5G Networks, Release-15, all 5G networks today (SRIT)
Refarming the existing frequency bands ©3G4G • T-Mobile USA launching 5G in 600 MHz • 600 MHz used for 4G at present 4G 5G Min 1.4 MHz Max 20 MHz Min 5 MHz Max 20 MHz
Refarming the existing frequency bands ©3G4G • Sprint USA launching 5G in 2.5 GHz • 2.5 GHz used for 4G at present 4G 5G Min 1.4 MHz Max 20 MHz Min 10 MHz Max 100 MHz
5G needs large amounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.4 5.0 24.25 27.5 29.5 37 40 26.5 n78 n79 n77 n258 n260 n261 28.35 n257 Bandwidth 900 MHz 500 MHz 600 MHz 3000 MHz (3 GHz) 3250 MHz (3.25 GHz) 3000 MHz (3 GHz) 850 MHz • 3GPP defines new NR (New Radio) bands in FR1 and FR2 in 3GPP Rel.15 NR • FR1: 450 MHz – 6 GHz • Upper range is changing to 7.125 GHz • FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz
5G needs large amounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G
5G Spectrum Plans / Allocation – South Korea ©3G4G Further Reading: Operator Watch Blog
South Korea: Both non-mmWave & mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
5G Spectrum Plans / Allocation – Japan ©3G4G Further Reading: Operator Watch Blog
Japan: Both non-mmWave & mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
5G Spectrum Plans / Allocation – Italy ©3G4G Source
Italy: Both non-mmWave & mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
UK mobile spectrum holdings (present) ©3G4G Source: Ofcom Total amount of spectrum with MNOs = 919.9 MHz
UK: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
USA: Mix of mmWave & non-mmWave ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
Switzerland: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
Finland: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
Australia: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
5G Spectrum Challenge ©3G4G f1 f2 f3 f4 LTE Carrier Aggregation 4G / LTE f1 f2 f3 f4 Dual Connectivity (DC) 5G NSA f5 • In theory f6 LTE Carrier Aggregation 5G NR Carrier Aggregation While LTE-A supported up to 5 Component Carriers (CC), each with a max of 20 MHz for Carrier Aggregation, LTE-A Pro supports 32 CCs 5G NR supports up to 16 CCs of max 400 MHz
5G Spectrum Challenge ©3G4G f1 f2 f3 f4 LTE Carrier Aggregation 4G / LTE f1 f2 f3 f4 Dual Connectivity (DC) 5G NSA f5 • In practice f6 LTE Carrier Aggregation 5G NR Carrier Aggregation While LTE-A supported up to 5 Component Carriers (CC), each with a max of 20 MHz for Carrier Aggregation, LTE-A Pro supports 32 CCs 5G NR supports up to 16 CCs of max 400 MHz
5G Spectrum Challenge – Interference ©3G4G • With so many different bands in use, there is a small possibility of interference between them • A recent whitepaper from Keysight points out that the 5G Uplink transmission in 3.5 GHz band might significantly interfere with 4G in the 1.8 GHz band in downlink direction. Maybe bad news, especially in Europe, where these are heavily used
Popular mmWave Frequency bands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz Millimeter wave 5G 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz) 2G 2G/4G3G 4G Non-mmWave5Gnon-mmWave 5G 10 GHz0 GHz mmWave Various Satellite Based Services (including Satellite Broadband)
Satellite Services using frequencies above 10 GHz ©3G4G • Satellite TV is deployed into Ku-band between 8 GHz and 12 GHz (predominantly between 11.7 and 12.7 GHz, which is what most of us watch at home), and in Ka- band at 18.3–18.8 GHz and 19.7–20.2 GHz. • The Ka-band allocation (18.3–18.8 GHz + 19.7–20.2 GHz) is used for superhigh- definition and ultra-high definition TV. • V-band and W-band are used heavily for Military, Commercial, and Automotive Radar • Satellite Operator Avanti uses Ka band extensively (up to 31 GHz) for providing connectivity to Defence aircrafts, Enterprises, Consumer Broadband and Cellular Backhaul • Many of the new LEO satellite constellations like OneWeb, O3b, etc. have proposed to use mmWave spectrum as all other spectrum bands are congested and large chunks of contiguous spectrum are not otherwise available Further Reading on this topic: ‘5G and Satellite Spectrum, Standards, and Scale’ by Geoff Varrall
mmWave use for Mobile Backhaul ©3G4G • Mobile backhaul makes extensive use of frequencies above 10 GHz • V-Band and E-Band are used extensively today, with D-Band and W- Band primed for future use. Further Reading: • ETSI White Paper No. 25: Microwave and Millimetre wave for 5G Transport • GSMA Mobile backhaul options: Spectrum analysis and recommendations
Summary ©3G4G • There are three types of 5G bands; Coverage Layer, Capacity Layer and High Throughput Layer that is needed for an ideal 5G rollout • In terms of frequency, there is non-mmWave 5G and mmWave 5G. • Most of the initial rollouts is mainly non-mmWave 5G • mmWave 5G will only be available in Urban and Dense-urban areas, not everywhere • 5G could be rolled out in existing frequency bands by re-farming the spectrum • While in theory 5G needs large amounts of bandwidth, there is no reason why 5G can’t be rolled out with small bandwidths • mmWave spectrum is already in use today and it will be complemented by 5G rollouts in that spectrum as well soon.
Thank You To learn more, visit: 3G4G Website – http://www.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Blog – http://blog.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Small Cells Blog – http://smallcells.3g4g.co.uk/ Operator Watch - http://operatorwatch.3g4g.co.uk/ Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/3g4gUK Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3g4gUK/ Follow us on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/3g4g Follow us on Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd Follow us on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G ©3G4G

More Related Content

PDF
Beginners: 5G Spectrum - Short Version
3G4G
 
PDF
5G Technology Tutorial
APNIC
 
PDF
Opinion: The Politics of SA vs NSA 5G & 4G Speeds
3G4G
 
PPTX
Module 1 Additive Manufacturing
taruian
 
PPTX
Deep Dive 5G NR-RAN Release 2018 Q4.pptx
Daniel Estrada
 
PDF
An Introduction to 5G and ‘Real’ 5G
3G4G
 
PDF
Intermediate: 5G Network Architecture Options (Updated)
3G4G
 
PPTX
Ai in healthcare
muskannn
 
Beginners: 5G Spectrum - Short Version
3G4G
 
5G Technology Tutorial
APNIC
 
Opinion: The Politics of SA vs NSA 5G & 4G Speeds
3G4G
 
Module 1 Additive Manufacturing
taruian
 
Deep Dive 5G NR-RAN Release 2018 Q4.pptx
Daniel Estrada
 
An Introduction to 5G and ‘Real’ 5G
3G4G
 
Intermediate: 5G Network Architecture Options (Updated)
3G4G
 
Ai in healthcare
muskannn
 

What's hot (20)

PDF
5G RAN fundamentals
Ravi Sharma
 
PDF
Beginners: An Quick Introduction to 3GPP
3G4G
 
PDF
Expanding the 5G NR (New Radio) ecosystem
Qualcomm Research
 
PDF
Intermediate: Bandwidth Parts (BWP)
3G4G
 
PPTX
5G_NR_Overview_Architecture_and_Operating_Modes
Aalekh Jain
 
PDF
Setting off the 5G Advanced evolution with 3GPP Release 18
Qualcomm Research
 
PDF
5G Network Architecture Options
3G4G
 
PDF
Cloud RAN and Evolution to 5G
Small Cell Forum
 
PPTX
Introduction to 5G NR
Abhijeet Kumar
 
PDF
Beginners: 5G Terminology (Updated - Feb 2019)
3G4G
 
PDF
Designing 5G NR (New Radio)
Qualcomm Research
 
PDF
5G Network Architecture and Design
3G4G
 
PDF
Radio Network Design & Roll Out
RathnaKumar47
 
PDF
Ericsson 5 g platform
Ericsson
 
PDF
Part 10: 5G Use cases - 5G for Absolute Beginners
3G4G
 
PDF
3GPP Release 17: Completing the first phase of 5G evolution
Qualcomm Research
 
PDF
Overview 3GPP NR Physical Layer
Eiko Seidel
 
PPTX
5g-Air-Interface-pptx.pptx
Murali Munagapati
 
PDF
Scaling 5G to new frontiers with NR-Light (RedCap)
Qualcomm Research
 
PDF
5 g core overview
Hemraj Kumar
 
5G RAN fundamentals
Ravi Sharma
 
Beginners: An Quick Introduction to 3GPP
3G4G
 
Expanding the 5G NR (New Radio) ecosystem
Qualcomm Research
 
Intermediate: Bandwidth Parts (BWP)
3G4G
 
5G_NR_Overview_Architecture_and_Operating_Modes
Aalekh Jain
 
Setting off the 5G Advanced evolution with 3GPP Release 18
Qualcomm Research
 
5G Network Architecture Options
3G4G
 
Cloud RAN and Evolution to 5G
Small Cell Forum
 
Introduction to 5G NR
Abhijeet Kumar
 
Beginners: 5G Terminology (Updated - Feb 2019)
3G4G
 
Designing 5G NR (New Radio)
Qualcomm Research
 
5G Network Architecture and Design
3G4G
 
Radio Network Design & Roll Out
RathnaKumar47
 
Ericsson 5 g platform
Ericsson
 
Part 10: 5G Use cases - 5G for Absolute Beginners
3G4G
 
3GPP Release 17: Completing the first phase of 5G evolution
Qualcomm Research
 
Overview 3GPP NR Physical Layer
Eiko Seidel
 
5g-Air-Interface-pptx.pptx
Murali Munagapati
 
Scaling 5G to new frontiers with NR-Light (RedCap)
Qualcomm Research
 
5 g core overview
Hemraj Kumar
 
Ad

Similar to Beginners: 5G Spectrum - Long Version (20)

PDF
Misc: Non millimeter Wave (mmWave) 5G
3G4G
 
PDF
Beginners: Radio Frequency, Band and Spectrum (V3)
3G4G
 
PDF
Different Types of Backhaul
3G4G
 
PDF
Part 8: 5G Spectrum - 5G for Absolute Beginners
3G4G
 
PDF
5G Interview Questions: 50 Questions on Spectrum
3G4G
 
PDF
01 5 g-nr_introduction_190205
Muntazir Mehdi
 
PDF
5G Demystified; the what, when and where
3G4G
 
PPTX
BSN 5G Pathway Presentation January 2019
Maureen Donovan
 
PDF
Overview of standardisation status and 3GPP technology evolution trend
Sylvia Lu
 
PDF
Overview of standardisation status and 3GPP technology evolution trend
3G4G
 
PDF
Opinion: Would 5G NSA undergo Sunset?
3G4G
 
PPTX
5G Readiness
ssuser220dc6
 
PDF
Channel Bandwidth in New Radio 5G in Era
immam8
 
PDF
5G technical_overview_training_sec_1
Sajal Kumar Das
 
PDF
Datenblatt neo
diegohsilva
 
PPTX
5G_NS2004 4G-5G Convergence Solution-38P.pptx
AdilAGLEF1
 
PDF
Opinion: What is “Real 5G”? (and “Real 4G”?)
3G4G
 
PPTX
Overview & Wireless Network Principles.pptx
adnanmunir36
 
PDF
5G Spectrum in EUROPE
Sitha Sok
 
PPTX
Spectrum Management in Bangladesh .pptx
MdSharifUddinShajib
 
Misc: Non millimeter Wave (mmWave) 5G
3G4G
 
Beginners: Radio Frequency, Band and Spectrum (V3)
3G4G
 
Different Types of Backhaul
3G4G
 
Part 8: 5G Spectrum - 5G for Absolute Beginners
3G4G
 
5G Interview Questions: 50 Questions on Spectrum
3G4G
 
01 5 g-nr_introduction_190205
Muntazir Mehdi
 
5G Demystified; the what, when and where
3G4G
 
BSN 5G Pathway Presentation January 2019
Maureen Donovan
 
Overview of standardisation status and 3GPP technology evolution trend
Sylvia Lu
 
Overview of standardisation status and 3GPP technology evolution trend
3G4G
 
Opinion: Would 5G NSA undergo Sunset?
3G4G
 
5G Readiness
ssuser220dc6
 
Channel Bandwidth in New Radio 5G in Era
immam8
 
5G technical_overview_training_sec_1
Sajal Kumar Das
 
Datenblatt neo
diegohsilva
 
5G_NS2004 4G-5G Convergence Solution-38P.pptx
AdilAGLEF1
 
Opinion: What is “Real 5G”? (and “Real 4G”?)
3G4G
 
Overview & Wireless Network Principles.pptx
adnanmunir36
 
5G Spectrum in EUROPE
Sitha Sok
 
Spectrum Management in Bangladesh .pptx
MdSharifUddinShajib
 
Ad

More from 3G4G (20)

PDF
The Rise and Fall of 3GPP – Time for a Sabbatical?
3G4G
 
PDF
Misc: All-Photonics Network (APN) for Innovative Optical and Wireless Network...
3G4G
 
PDF
Beginners: Introduction to OSS & BSS in Mobile Networks
3G4G
 
PDF
Misc: The Internet Story - How Data Travels, Transit Works, and the Role of C...
3G4G
 
PDF
Non-Terrestrial Networks and 3GPP Standards from 5G to 6G
3G4G
 
PDF
TechKnowledge Technology Stories - Part 4: Devices and Gadgets - Our Companio...
3G4G
 
PDF
Miscellaneous: Traffic Steering (TS) Concept
3G4G
 
PDF
Professor Rahim Tafazolli: 5G/6GIC Overview and Activities
3G4G
 
PDF
Beginners: What Does ‘Telecommunications’ or ‘Telecoms’ Mean?
3G4G
 
PDF
TechKnowledge Technology Stories - Part 3: Satellites - Our Friends In The Sk...
3G4G
 
PDF
Misc: What are No Mobile Coverage Zones called?
3G4G
 
PDF
TechKnowledge Technology Stories - Part 2: Connecting Everything Everywhere…
3G4G
 
PDF
TechKnowledge Technology Stories - Part 1: Smaller, Faster, Cheaper and More…
3G4G
 
PDF
Misc: Mobile Technology and Healthcare
3G4G
 
PDF
Should we stop the shutdown of 2G/3G to save lives??
3G4G
 
PDF
Opinion – 5G Reality Check: Speeds
3G4G
 
PDF
Technology Introduction Series: Edge Computing tutorial.pdf
3G4G
 
PDF
6G: Potential Use Cases and Enabling Technologies
3G4G
 
PDF
3GPP SON Series: SON Management in HetNets and Enhanced ICIC (eICIC)
3G4G
 
PDF
3GPP SON Series: Energy Savings (ES)
3G4G
 
The Rise and Fall of 3GPP – Time for a Sabbatical?
3G4G
 
Misc: All-Photonics Network (APN) for Innovative Optical and Wireless Network...
3G4G
 
Beginners: Introduction to OSS & BSS in Mobile Networks
3G4G
 
Misc: The Internet Story - How Data Travels, Transit Works, and the Role of C...
3G4G
 
Non-Terrestrial Networks and 3GPP Standards from 5G to 6G
3G4G
 
TechKnowledge Technology Stories - Part 4: Devices and Gadgets - Our Companio...
3G4G
 
Miscellaneous: Traffic Steering (TS) Concept
3G4G
 
Professor Rahim Tafazolli: 5G/6GIC Overview and Activities
3G4G
 
Beginners: What Does ‘Telecommunications’ or ‘Telecoms’ Mean?
3G4G
 
TechKnowledge Technology Stories - Part 3: Satellites - Our Friends In The Sk...
3G4G
 
Misc: What are No Mobile Coverage Zones called?
3G4G
 
TechKnowledge Technology Stories - Part 2: Connecting Everything Everywhere…
3G4G
 
TechKnowledge Technology Stories - Part 1: Smaller, Faster, Cheaper and More…
3G4G
 
Misc: Mobile Technology and Healthcare
3G4G
 
Should we stop the shutdown of 2G/3G to save lives??
3G4G
 
Opinion – 5G Reality Check: Speeds
3G4G
 
Technology Introduction Series: Edge Computing tutorial.pdf
3G4G
 
6G: Potential Use Cases and Enabling Technologies
3G4G
 
3GPP SON Series: SON Management in HetNets and Enhanced ICIC (eICIC)
3G4G
 
3GPP SON Series: Energy Savings (ES)
3G4G
 

Recently uploaded (20)

PDF
Approach and Philosophy of On baking technology
30anthuong17
 
PDF
cuic standard and advanced reporting.pdf
SimoneTitaniumTomase
 
PDF
solutions_manual_-_materials___processing_in_manufacturing__demargo_.pdf
AbdullahSani29
 
PDF
Modernizing your data center with Dell and AMD
Principled Technologies
 
PDF
Advanced methodologies resolving dimensionality complications for autism neur...
IAESIJAI
 
PDF
Mobile App Security Testing_ A Comprehensive Guide.pdf
flufftailshop
 
PDF
Dropbox Q2 2025 Financial Results & Investor Presentation
Dropbox
 
PDF
NewMind AI Monthly Chronicles - July 2025
NewMind AI
 
PPT
Teaching material agriculture food technology
LiaRayya
 
PDF
CIFDAQ's Market Insight: SEC Turns Pro Crypto
CIFDAQ
 
PPTX
Understanding_Digital_Forensics_Presentation.pptx
ImranKhan423233
 
PDF
Diabetes mellitus diagnosis method based random forest with bat algorithm
IAESIJAI
 
PPTX
Big Data Technologies - Introduction.pptx
kuthubussaman1
 
PDF
Bridging biosciences and deep learning for revolutionary discoveries: a compr...
IAESIJAI
 
PDF
How UI/UX Design Impacts User Retention in Mobile Apps.pdf
SynapseIndia
 
PDF
Empathic Computing: Creating Shared Understanding
Mark Billinghurst
 
PDF
Spectral efficient network and resource selection model in 5G networks
IAESIJAI
 
PPTX
Effective Security Operations Center (SOC) A Modern, Strategic, and Threat-In...
ReZa AdineH
 
PDF
Optimiser vos workloads AI/ML sur Amazon EC2 et AWS Graviton
Julien SIMON
 
PDF
Shreyas Phanse Resume: Experienced Backend Engineer | Java • Spring Boot • Ka...
SHREYAS PHANSE
 
Approach and Philosophy of On baking technology
30anthuong17
 
cuic standard and advanced reporting.pdf
SimoneTitaniumTomase
 
solutions_manual_-_materials___processing_in_manufacturing__demargo_.pdf
AbdullahSani29
 
Modernizing your data center with Dell and AMD
Principled Technologies
 
Advanced methodologies resolving dimensionality complications for autism neur...
IAESIJAI
 
Mobile App Security Testing_ A Comprehensive Guide.pdf
flufftailshop
 
Dropbox Q2 2025 Financial Results & Investor Presentation
Dropbox
 
NewMind AI Monthly Chronicles - July 2025
NewMind AI
 
Teaching material agriculture food technology
LiaRayya
 
CIFDAQ's Market Insight: SEC Turns Pro Crypto
CIFDAQ
 
Understanding_Digital_Forensics_Presentation.pptx
ImranKhan423233
 
Diabetes mellitus diagnosis method based random forest with bat algorithm
IAESIJAI
 
Big Data Technologies - Introduction.pptx
kuthubussaman1
 
Bridging biosciences and deep learning for revolutionary discoveries: a compr...
IAESIJAI
 
How UI/UX Design Impacts User Retention in Mobile Apps.pdf
SynapseIndia
 
Empathic Computing: Creating Shared Understanding
Mark Billinghurst
 
Spectral efficient network and resource selection model in 5G networks
IAESIJAI
 
Effective Security Operations Center (SOC) A Modern, Strategic, and Threat-In...
ReZa AdineH
 
Optimiser vos workloads AI/ML sur Amazon EC2 et AWS Graviton
Julien SIMON
 
Shreyas Phanse Resume: Experienced Backend Engineer | Java • Spring Boot • Ka...
SHREYAS PHANSE
 

Beginners: 5G Spectrum - Long Version

  • 2. ©3G4G THIS IS LONG VERSION – FOR SHORT VERSION CLICK ON THE LINK ON TOP RIGHT
  • 4. ©3G4G Electromagnetic Spectrum covers Electromagnetic Waves with frequencies ranging from below 1 hertz to above 1025 hertz
  • 5. ©3G4G The Radio Spectrum is part of spectrum from 3Hz to 3000GHz (3 THz)
  • 6. ©3G4G 5G is only looking at frequencies from 450 MHz to 52.6 GHz 3GPP has divided 5G frequencies in 2 parts: • Frequency Range 1 (FR1): 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz • Frequency Range 2 (FR2): 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz
  • 7. ©3G4G 5G is only looking at frequencies from 450 MHz to 52.6 GHz 3GPP has divided 5G frequencies in 2 parts: • Frequency Range 1 (FR1): 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz • Frequency Range 2 (FR2): 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Technically mmWave starts from 30 GHz but people refer to all frequencies in FR2 as mmWave
  • 8. ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 9. Popular Frequency bands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz 2G, 3G, 4G Non millimeter wave 5G Millimeter wave 5G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz)
  • 10. Wi-Fi Spectrum around the world ©3G4G
  • 11. Summary: Popular Frequency bands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz Millimeter wave 5G 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz) 2G 2G/4G3G 4G Non-mmWave5Gnon-mmWave 5G 10 GHz0 GHz
  • 12. Summary of Spectrum Band Names ©3G4G Note: Not according to scale 300MHz 1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 4GHz UHF 8GHz 12GHz 18GHz 27GHz 30GHz 40GHz SHF 75GHz 110GHz 300GHz EHF 30MHz VHF millimetre wave (mmWave / mmW)centimetre wave (cmWave) Microwaves LIEEE Bands S C X Ku K Ka V W ITU-R Bands E E 86GHz57GHz V 71-76, 81-86GHz 57-66GHz ITU Band Designation Important Bands to remember: • C band: 3.4 – 4.2, 4.5 – 4.8, 5.85 – 7.075 GHz • Ku band: 12 – 18 GHz • K band: 18 – 26.5 GHz • Ka band: 26.5 – 40 GHz • mmWave start from 30 GHz C 3.4-4.2, 4.5-4.8, 5.85-7.075GHz For more details, see: Rec. ITU-R V.431-7 DWaveguide Bands 110 - 170 GHz Q 33 - 50 GHz
  • 13. Importance of Frequency selection ©3G4G 2.1GHz 900MHz Higher frequency means faster decay Lower frequency means more number of users in a given cell Higher frequency gets reflected from walls and have poor penetration Lower frequency gets attenuated from walls but still penetrates
  • 14. 5G: Multiple Layers for multiple needs ©3G4G Coverage Layer Sub-1GHz Capacity Layer 1GHz – 7.125GHz High Throughput Layers 24.25GHz – 52.6GHz
  • 15. 5G Needs Different Frequency Bands ©3G4G Coverage Layer Sub-1GHz Capacity Layer 1GHz – 7.125GHz High Throughput Layers 24.25GHz – 52.6GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G Non-mmWave 5G
  • 16. 5G Frequency Study / Agreement Process ©3G4G World Radio Conference (WRC) • Every 4 years • Last one was WRC-15 • Next one is WRC-19 WRC-15 • Spectrum agreed for IMT under 6 GHz • Agreed study of spectrum for IMT above 6GHz • Results discussed in WRC-19 (28 Oct – 22 Nov) ITU-R ITU-R Study Groups ITU-R SG5 (Terrestrial Services) WRC-19 Studies Discussion
  • 17. 5G Spectrum ©3G4G ITU WRC- 15 Report from NTT Docomo Technical Journal
  • 18. Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6–4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz4GHz3GHz<1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study
  • 19. Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6–4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz4GHz3GHz<1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study Non-mmWave 5G Coverage Layer
  • 20. Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6–4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz4GHz3GHz<1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study Non-mmWave 5G Capacity Layer
  • 21. Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G 600MHz (2x35MHz) 24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz 3.6–3.8GHz 3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz 4.4–4.9GHz 26.5-28.5GHz 3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz 3.6–4.2GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 47.2-48.2GHz 5.9–6.4GHz 5.9–7.1GHz 600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz 37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz 24.25-27.5GHz 26.5-27.5GHz 3.55- 3.7- 3.7GHz 4.2GHz 3.55-3.7 GHz 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 700MHz (2x30 MHz) 5GHz4GHz3GHz<1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz 3.45- 2.5GHz (LTE B41) 3.55GHz Source: Qualcomm Red highlights frequencies not approved for ITU study mmWave 5G High-Throughput Layer Licensed Unlicensed/shared Existing band New 5G band
  • 22. Summary: Most Popular 5G Frequency Bands ©3G4G Picture Source: Deutsche Telekom / T-Mobile USA 700 MHz – most popular band 3.5 GHz – most popular band 26/28 GHz – most popular band
  • 23. 5G Bands Defined by 3GPP ©3G4G New Bands in 5G, not in LTE
  • 24. 5G needs large amounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G
  • 25. 5G Deployment Options and Migration Strategy ©3G4G EPC 5GC (NGCN) SA NSA eNB EPC Option 1: SA LTE connected to EPC Option 2: SA NR connected to 5GC (Standalone) (Non-Standalone) [Dual Connectivity] ng-eNBgNB 5GC Option 5: SA LTE connected to 5GC Option 3: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to EPC Option 4: NSA NR assisted LTE connected to 5GC Option 7: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to 5GC Migration Strategy Option 1 ↗ Option 2 ↘ Option 3 Option 3 ↗ Option 7 ↘ Option 5 Option 3 ↗ Option 3 ↘ Option 2 Option 3 ↗ Option 4 ↘ Option 2 [EN-DC] [NE-DC] [NGEN-DC] 5GC 5GC gNB ng-eNB 5GC gNB ng-eNB EPC eNB en-gNB Non-Standalone 5G Networks, Release-15, all 5G networks today (SRIT)
  • 26. Refarming the existing frequency bands ©3G4G • T-Mobile USA launching 5G in 600 MHz • 600 MHz used for 4G at present 4G 5G Min 1.4 MHz Max 20 MHz Min 5 MHz Max 20 MHz
  • 27. Refarming the existing frequency bands ©3G4G • Sprint USA launching 5G in 2.5 GHz • 2.5 GHz used for 4G at present 4G 5G Min 1.4 MHz Max 20 MHz Min 10 MHz Max 100 MHz
  • 28. 5G needs large amounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.4 5.0 24.25 27.5 29.5 37 40 26.5 n78 n79 n77 n258 n260 n261 28.35 n257 Bandwidth 900 MHz 500 MHz 600 MHz 3000 MHz (3 GHz) 3250 MHz (3.25 GHz) 3000 MHz (3 GHz) 850 MHz • 3GPP defines new NR (New Radio) bands in FR1 and FR2 in 3GPP Rel.15 NR • FR1: 450 MHz – 6 GHz • Upper range is changing to 7.125 GHz • FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz
  • 29. 5G needs large amounts of bandwidth? ©3G4G
  • 30. 5G Spectrum Plans / Allocation – South Korea ©3G4G Further Reading: Operator Watch Blog
  • 31. South Korea: Both non-mmWave & mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 32. 5G Spectrum Plans / Allocation – Japan ©3G4G Further Reading: Operator Watch Blog
  • 33. Japan: Both non-mmWave & mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 34. 5G Spectrum Plans / Allocation – Italy ©3G4G Source
  • 35. Italy: Both non-mmWave & mmWave 5G ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 36. UK mobile spectrum holdings (present) ©3G4G Source: Ofcom Total amount of spectrum with MNOs = 919.9 MHz
  • 37. UK: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 38. USA: Mix of mmWave & non-mmWave ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 39. Switzerland: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 40. Finland: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 41. Australia: Only non-mmWave 5G right now ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz FR1: 450 MHz – 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz Non-mmWave 5G mmWave 5G
  • 42. 5G Spectrum Challenge ©3G4G f1 f2 f3 f4 LTE Carrier Aggregation 4G / LTE f1 f2 f3 f4 Dual Connectivity (DC) 5G NSA f5 • In theory f6 LTE Carrier Aggregation 5G NR Carrier Aggregation While LTE-A supported up to 5 Component Carriers (CC), each with a max of 20 MHz for Carrier Aggregation, LTE-A Pro supports 32 CCs 5G NR supports up to 16 CCs of max 400 MHz
  • 43. 5G Spectrum Challenge ©3G4G f1 f2 f3 f4 LTE Carrier Aggregation 4G / LTE f1 f2 f3 f4 Dual Connectivity (DC) 5G NSA f5 • In practice f6 LTE Carrier Aggregation 5G NR Carrier Aggregation While LTE-A supported up to 5 Component Carriers (CC), each with a max of 20 MHz for Carrier Aggregation, LTE-A Pro supports 32 CCs 5G NR supports up to 16 CCs of max 400 MHz
  • 44. 5G Spectrum Challenge – Interference ©3G4G • With so many different bands in use, there is a small possibility of interference between them • A recent whitepaper from Keysight points out that the 5G Uplink transmission in 3.5 GHz band might significantly interfere with 4G in the 1.8 GHz band in downlink direction. Maybe bad news, especially in Europe, where these are heavily used
  • 45. Popular mmWave Frequency bands for different Technologies ©3G4G 0 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz 100 GHz Millimeter wave 5G 2.4GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 5GHz Wi-Fi WiGig – 60GHz Wi-Fi Up to 6GHz 802.11ax 5G FR1 (450 MHz – 7.125 GHz) 5G FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz) 802.11be EHT (1 GHz – 7.125 GHz) 802.11ad / 802.11ay (57.24 GHz – 70.20 GHz) 2G 2G/4G3G 4G Non-mmWave5Gnon-mmWave 5G 10 GHz0 GHz mmWave Various Satellite Based Services (including Satellite Broadband)
  • 46. Satellite Services using frequencies above 10 GHz ©3G4G • Satellite TV is deployed into Ku-band between 8 GHz and 12 GHz (predominantly between 11.7 and 12.7 GHz, which is what most of us watch at home), and in Ka- band at 18.3–18.8 GHz and 19.7–20.2 GHz. • The Ka-band allocation (18.3–18.8 GHz + 19.7–20.2 GHz) is used for superhigh- definition and ultra-high definition TV. • V-band and W-band are used heavily for Military, Commercial, and Automotive Radar • Satellite Operator Avanti uses Ka band extensively (up to 31 GHz) for providing connectivity to Defence aircrafts, Enterprises, Consumer Broadband and Cellular Backhaul • Many of the new LEO satellite constellations like OneWeb, O3b, etc. have proposed to use mmWave spectrum as all other spectrum bands are congested and large chunks of contiguous spectrum are not otherwise available Further Reading on this topic: ‘5G and Satellite Spectrum, Standards, and Scale’ by Geoff Varrall
  • 47. mmWave use for Mobile Backhaul ©3G4G • Mobile backhaul makes extensive use of frequencies above 10 GHz • V-Band and E-Band are used extensively today, with D-Band and W- Band primed for future use. Further Reading: • ETSI White Paper No. 25: Microwave and Millimetre wave for 5G Transport • GSMA Mobile backhaul options: Spectrum analysis and recommendations
  • 48. Summary ©3G4G • There are three types of 5G bands; Coverage Layer, Capacity Layer and High Throughput Layer that is needed for an ideal 5G rollout • In terms of frequency, there is non-mmWave 5G and mmWave 5G. • Most of the initial rollouts is mainly non-mmWave 5G • mmWave 5G will only be available in Urban and Dense-urban areas, not everywhere • 5G could be rolled out in existing frequency bands by re-farming the spectrum • While in theory 5G needs large amounts of bandwidth, there is no reason why 5G can’t be rolled out with small bandwidths • mmWave spectrum is already in use today and it will be complemented by 5G rollouts in that spectrum as well soon.
  • 49. Thank You To learn more, visit: 3G4G Website – http://www.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Blog – http://blog.3g4g.co.uk/ 3G4G Small Cells Blog – http://smallcells.3g4g.co.uk/ Operator Watch - http://operatorwatch.3g4g.co.uk/ Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/3g4gUK Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3g4gUK/ Follow us on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/3g4g Follow us on Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd Follow us on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G ©3G4G