Overview of standardisation status and 3GPP technology evolution trend
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The document provides an overview of 5G standardization and the evolution of 3GPP technology. It discusses core technologies, market applications, timelines for 5G releases, and various use cases for IoT, automotive, and positioning. Key highlights include the ongoing discussions about 5G specifications and the critical role of NB-IoT and LTE-M in the 5G ecosystem.
![Overview of LTE Categories (From Cat-NB1 to Cat-19)
DL
Cat
Max DL
Mbps
Max DL BW
(MHz)
Max
DL MIMO
Max
DL QAM
NB1 0.027 0.2 - 4 (QPSK)
NB2 0.08* 0.2 - 4(QPSK)
M1 1** 1.4 - 16
M2 4** 5 - 16
0 1 20 - 64
1bis 1 20 - 64
1 10 20 - 64
2 50 20 2 64
3 100 20 2 64
4 150 20 2 64
5 300 20 4 64
6
300 2*20 2 or 4 64
7
8 3000 5*20 8 64
9
450 3*20 2 or 4 64
10
11
600 4*20 2 or 4 64 or 256
12
13 400 2*20 2 or 4 256
14 4000 5*20 8 256
15 800 5*20 2 or 4 64 or 256
16 1000 5*20 2 or 4 64 or 256
17 25000 32*20 8 256
18 1200 6*20 2 or 4, [8] 64 or 256
19 1600 8*20 2 or 4, [8] 64 or 256
3GPP Rel-8
3GPP Rel-10
3GPP Rel-11
3GPP Rel-12
3GPP Rel-13
3GPP Rel-14
Downlink
UL
Cat
Max UL
Mbps
Max UL BW
(MHz)
Max
UL MIMO
Max
UL QAM
NB1 0.0625 0.2 - 4 (QPSK)
NB2 0.105* 0.2 - 4 (QPSK)
M1 1** 1.4 - 16
M2 7** 5 - 16
0 1 20 - 16
1bis 1 20 - 16
1 5 20 - 16
2 25 20 - 16
3 50 20 - 16
4 50 20 - 16
5 75 20 - 64
6 50 20 - 16
7 100 2*20 1 or 2 16
8 1500 5*20 4 64
9 50 20 - 16
10 100 2*20 1 or 2 16
11 50 20 - 16
12 100 2*20 1 or 2 16
13 150 2*20 1 or 2 64
14 10000 32*20 4 64
15 225 3*20 1 or 2 64
16 300 4*20 1 or 2 64
Uplink
R13 NB-IoT: Cat-NB1
R13 LTE-M: Cat-M1
Per 3GPP TS 36.306
R14 NB-IoT: Cat-NB2
R14 LTE-M: Cat-M2
*: based on 1HARQ
**: based on FD-FDD
7
CW SIG Event Sep 2018
@SylviaLuUk](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5gtechevotrendscwradiosig18092018sylvialu-180922080617/85/Overview-of-standardisation-status-and-3GPP-technology-evolution-trend-7-320.jpg)
Overview of standardisation status and 3GPP technology evolution trend
- 1. 1 5G Standards Overview & 3GPP Tech Evolution Trends Sylvia Lu August 2018 • Sr. Engineer, Cellular Technology, u-blox AG • Advisory Board Member UK5G • Board Director CW @SylviaLuUK
- 2. 2 Agenda 1. 5G Standardisation Overview (who, when, what) 2. 3GPP Technology Evolution Trend • 3GPP Overall Timeline & Release Features • 3GPP Technology Roadmap 2.1 IoT in 5G • NB-IoT, LTE-M Evolution into 5G • NR-IIoT: New Radio Industrial IoT 2.2 5G for Automotive • LTE-V2X Background • Cellular V2X (C-V2X) 2.3 Positioning in 5G • 3GPP Technology Roadmap for cellular positioning • 5G NR Positioning Trend 3. Take-away CW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 3. 3 3 Core Technologies Positioning Cellular Communication Short Range Communication Integrated Circuits Modules Services and Solutions CellLocate® (modem based positioning) AssistNowTM (world wide GNSS assistance service) GNSS Correction Data (for high precision)* FOTA (Firmware over the air) Lifetime Security *through Sapcorda, a JV with industry partners 3 Core Markets Served Automotive Industrial Consumer CW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 4. 4 June 2018 in La Jolla approved Rel-15 Standalone NR radio specs @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 5. 5G Standardisation Overview 5 Who defines it and how?ITU-R IMT-2020 ‘5G’ encompasses a range of features • Ultra low latency • High reliability • Advanced antenna tech • mmWave • Massive IoT • Spectrum flexibility SDOs (Standard development organizations) 3GPP Etc. IEEE ETSI Usage Scenarios uRLLC Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication mMTC Massive Machine- Type Communication eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband 5G NR (new radio) ‘5G LTE’NSA (non-standalone) SA (stand-alone) CW SIG Event Sep 2018 @SylviaLuUk
- 6. 5G Timeline 6 4G LTE-Advanced Pro 5G Phase 1 Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 2015 2016 2017 2018 2020 LTE Evo. Rel-17 2019 Vision Requirements WRC’15 NSA + SA mMTC + URLLC Q1 Q1 Q2 Q4 LTE Evolution in the 5G Era 5G NR 5G Phase 2 5G = 5G NR + LTE Evolution 5G Proposals WRC WRC’19 Eva IMT-2020 Global Specifications Now CW SIG Event Sep 2018 @SylviaLuUk
- 7. Overview of LTE Categories (From Cat-NB1 to Cat-19) DL Cat Max DL Mbps Max DL BW (MHz) Max DL MIMO Max DL QAM NB1 0.027 0.2 - 4 (QPSK) NB2 0.08* 0.2 - 4(QPSK) M1 1** 1.4 - 16 M2 4** 5 - 16 0 1 20 - 64 1bis 1 20 - 64 1 10 20 - 64 2 50 20 2 64 3 100 20 2 64 4 150 20 2 64 5 300 20 4 64 6 300 2*20 2 or 4 64 7 8 3000 5*20 8 64 9 450 3*20 2 or 4 64 10 11 600 4*20 2 or 4 64 or 256 12 13 400 2*20 2 or 4 256 14 4000 5*20 8 256 15 800 5*20 2 or 4 64 or 256 16 1000 5*20 2 or 4 64 or 256 17 25000 32*20 8 256 18 1200 6*20 2 or 4, [8] 64 or 256 19 1600 8*20 2 or 4, [8] 64 or 256 3GPP Rel-8 3GPP Rel-10 3GPP Rel-11 3GPP Rel-12 3GPP Rel-13 3GPP Rel-14 Downlink UL Cat Max UL Mbps Max UL BW (MHz) Max UL MIMO Max UL QAM NB1 0.0625 0.2 - 4 (QPSK) NB2 0.105* 0.2 - 4 (QPSK) M1 1** 1.4 - 16 M2 7** 5 - 16 0 1 20 - 16 1bis 1 20 - 16 1 5 20 - 16 2 25 20 - 16 3 50 20 - 16 4 50 20 - 16 5 75 20 - 64 6 50 20 - 16 7 100 2*20 1 or 2 16 8 1500 5*20 4 64 9 50 20 - 16 10 100 2*20 1 or 2 16 11 50 20 - 16 12 100 2*20 1 or 2 16 13 150 2*20 1 or 2 64 14 10000 32*20 4 64 15 225 3*20 1 or 2 64 16 300 4*20 1 or 2 64 Uplink R13 NB-IoT: Cat-NB1 R13 LTE-M: Cat-M1 Per 3GPP TS 36.306 R14 NB-IoT: Cat-NB2 R14 LTE-M: Cat-M2 *: based on 1HARQ **: based on FD-FDD 7 CW SIG Event Sep 2018 @SylviaLuUk
- 8. NR UE Categories (on-going) • Discussions are on-going in 3GPP • 5G UE will not signal UE categories anymore explicitly to the network • Definition will be in the spec but just for marketing concept • Likely KPI to define UE categories: peak data rate, reflecting the best achievable data rate among the operation modes supported by the UE • 5G NR spectrum allocations are unclear in certain regions (impact data rate) 8 UE Categories in 5G NR? @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 9. 9 New 3GPP 5G NR Operating Bands Different requirements, RF specifications for different frequency ranges (FR) NR operating band Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive / UE transmit FUL_low – FUL_high Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit / UE receive FDL_low – FDL_high Duplex Mode n1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD n2 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz FDD n3 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz 1805 MHz – 1880 MHz FDD n5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894 MHz FDD n7 2500 MHz – 2570 MHz 2620 MHz – 2690 MHz FDD n8 880 MHz – 915 MHz 925 MHz – 960 MHz FDD n20 832 MHz – 862 MHz 791 MHz – 821 MHz FDD n28 703 MHz – 748 MHz 758 MHz – 803 MHz FDD n38 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz TDD n41 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz TDD n50 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz TDD n51 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz TDD n66 1710 MHz – 1780 MHz 2110 MHz – 2200 MHz FDD n70 1695 MHz – 1710 MHz 1995 MHz – 2020 MHz FDD n71 663 MHz – 698 MHz 617 MHz – 652 MHz FDD n74 1427 MHz – 1470 MHz 1475 MHz – 1518 MHz FDD n75 N/A 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz SDL n76 N/A 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz SDL n77 3300 MHz – 4200 MHz 3300 MHz – 4200 MHz TDD n78 3300 MHz – 3800 MHz 3300 MHz – 3800 MHz TDD n79 4400 MHz – 5000 MHz 4400 MHz – 5000 MHz TDD n80 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz N/A SUL n81 880 MHz – 915 MHz N/A SUL n82 832 MHz – 862 MHz N/A SUL n83 703 MHz – 748 MHz N/A SUL n84 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz N/A SUL FR1 (<6GHz) n257 26500 MHz – 29500 MHz 26500 MHz – 29500 MHz TDD n258 24250 MHz – 27500 MHz 24250 MHz – 27500 MHz TDD n260 37000 MHz – 40000 MHz 37000 MHz – 40000 MHz TDD FR2 (24.25GHz – 52.6GHz) FR1: 26 new NR bands (450MHz-6000MHz) • <1GHz: 600MHz, 700MHz • <3GHz: LTE band re-farming • 3 – 6GHz: highest global interest bands: n77 & n78 (3.3-4.2GHz) (100MHz BW) FR2: 3 new NR bands (24.5 – 52.6GHz) • Suitable for hotspot coverage , high capacity • Highest interest n257 & n258 (24.25-29.5GHz) (400MHz BW) 3GPP TS 36.101 @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 10. 10 3GPP Overall Timeline & Release Features Rel-15 5G NR Phase 1 Rel-16 5G NR Phase 2 @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 11. 3GPP Technology Roadmap 11 Enhanced mobile broadband, high- mobility Ultra reliable and low latency communications Massive machine type communications 3GPP 5G Phase 1 Priority 3GPP 5G 2nd Priority, started in H2’2018 *NSA: Non-Standalone 5G eMBB, accelerated and completed in Dec’17(core) *SA: Standalone, completed in June’18 @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 12. 12 IoT in 5G
- 13. NB-IoT, LTE-M Evolution into 5G 13 4G LTE-Advanced Pro 5G Rel-13 Rel-143GPP Release Rel-15 Rel-16 NB-IoT Rel-17 R13 NB-IoT R14 NB-IoT R15 NB-IoT R16 NB-IoT LTE-M R13 LTE-M R14 LTE-M R15 LTE-M R16 LTE-M NR-IIOT NR-IIOT 5G Evo (?) Cat-NB1 Cat-NB2 Cat-M1 Cat-M2 5G Phase 1 5G Phase 2 2015 2016 2017 2018 20202019 NB-IoT and LTE-M, including their evolutions, are expected to be the vital 5G components to address LPWA use cases in the 5G era Part of IMT-2020 submission Continue to address LPWA use cases NB-IoT eNB-IoT FeNB-IoT R16 NB-IoT eMTC FeMTC eFeMTC R16 LTE-MTC @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018 IMT-2020 5G mMTC requirements: • 20dB CE • 1M devices per km2 • >=10 Years lifetime
- 14. NB-IoT, LTE-M Evolution into 5G 14 4G LTE-Advanced Pro 5G Rel-13 Rel-143GPP Release Rel-15 Rel-16 NB-IoT Rel-17 R13 NB-IoT R14 NB-IoT R15 NB-IoT R16 NB-IoT LTE-M R13 LTE-M R14 LTE-M R15 LTE-M R16 LTE-M 5G Evo (?) 5G Phase 1 5G Phase 2 2015 2016 2017 2018 20202019 NB-IoT and LTE-M, including their evolutions, are expected to be the vital 5G components to address LPWA use cases in the 5G era 1.4MHz bandwidth Coverage enhancements (CEModeA, CEModeB) Lower power class (20dBm) 180 kHz bandwidth 20dB CE In-band, standalone, guard-band deployment mode * Power consumption reduction (e.g. Release assistance indicator, NWUS, MWUS) * Use case extension (e.g. PC6 14dBm, OTDOA support, TDD) * Network operation and efficiency improvement (e.g. UE-group wake- up signal) * Migration to 5G Core networks @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 15. NR-IIoT: New Radio Industrial IoT 15 4G LTE-Advanced Pro 5G Rel-13 Rel-143GPP Release Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel-17 5G Evo (?) 5G Phase 1 5G Phase 2 2015 2016 2017 2018 20202019 To address IIoT use cases: factory automation, transport industry, electrical power distribution NR-IIoT NR-IIoT Key technology enablers: • NR URLLC (short TTI, reliability) • TSN (Time Sensitive Networking) • Accurate ref timing • QoS for wireless Ethernet • Ethernet header compression • Spectrum (licensed + unlicensed) StudyPhase @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 16. Industrial Automation Perf. Requirements for 5G 16 @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018 Use Case Availability Cycle Time Typical Payload Size # of Devices Typical Service Area Motion control Printing machine >99.9999% < 2 ms 20 bytes > 100 100 m x 100 m x 30 m Machine tool >99.9999% < 0.5 ms 50 bytes ~20 15 m x 15 m x 3 m Packaging machine >99.9999% < 1 ms 40 bytes ~50 10 m x 5 m x 3 m Mobile robots Cooperative motion control >99.9999% 1 ms 40-250 bytes 100 < 1 km2 Video-operated remote control >99.9999% 10-100 ms 15-150 kbytes 100 < 1 km2 Mobile control panels with safety functions Assembly robots or milling machines >99.9999% 4-8 ms 40-250 bytes 4 10 m x 10 m Mobile cranes >99.9999% 12 ms 40-250 bytes 2 40 m x 60 m Process automation (process monitoring) >99.99% > 50 ms Varies 10,000 devices per km2 Source: 3GPP, 22.804
- 18. • Technology base: LTE, LTE-D2D • V2X Candidate solutions: IEEE 802.11p/DSRC, LTE-V2X • 3GPP is expanding LTE into automotive verticals • GSA forecasts by 2025, annual sales of new connections for connected cars will reach 91 million units/year, with global installed base approaching 527 million 18 LTE-V2X Background Types of V2X: • V2V: vehicle to vehicle • V2P: vehicle to pedestrian (e.g. handheld terminal carried by a pedestrian, cyclist, driver or passenger) • V2I: vehicle to infrastructure application, where infrastructure is RSU (Roadside Unit) • V2N: vehicle to network V2V V2P V2I* V2I RSU (Road Side Unit for DSRC) Cellular network, Internet, application servers and so on Pedestrian (UE, mobile device) Vehicle Vehicle Enablers (3GPP technologies): • ProSe or D2D communications • MBMS & SC-PTM: provide efficient delivery of broadcast, multicast or unicast services, to be used in: group call session, live TV broadcasting, public warning message delivery etc. • Non-3GPP technologies enablers: DSRC and 802.11p ProSe, D2D MBSFN & SC-PTM 802.11p/DSRC Source: GSA @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 19. Cellular V2X (C-V2X) 19 4G LTE-Advanced Pro 5G Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel-17 5G Evo (?) 5G Phase 1 5G Phase 2 2015 2016 2017 2018 20202019 Evolve from LTE-V2X to NR-V2X LTE-D2D FeD2DeD2DD2D LTE-V2X R14 LTE-V2X R15 eLTE-V2X NR-V2X R16 NR-V2XV2X Phase 1 Basic services Introduced sidelink or PC5 via Band 47 (5.9GHz) Sidelink mode 3 and 4 V2X Phase 2 Low-end eV2X services PC5 latency reduction, CA Support higher order modulation on PC5 (64QAM) V2X Phase 3 Cover challenging high-end V2X services with 5G NR technologies @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018 NR-V2X Use Cases Vehicles Platooning Extended Sensors Advanced Driving Remote Driving
- 21. 21 3GPP Technology Roadmap – Highlighting Cellular Positioning E-CID OTDOA UTDOA E-CID OTDOA UTDOA TBS Sidelink NR Positioning E-CID, OTDOA RTK, IMU, (OTDOA) Observations • Since 3GPP Rel-11, OTDOA & E-CID have been the flagship cellular positioning technologies • Additional D2D based ranging solutions are gaining momentum in V2X use cases Looking forward, 5G cellular positioning will evolve based on existing E-CID, OTDOA, UTDOA or D2D positioning solutions In addition, leveraging RAN-independent technologies, incl.: GNSS, RTK, IMU, Wi-Fi, TBS, Bluetooth, towards hybrid solutions, to cover a wider range of use cases (IMT-2020) @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 22. Overview of 5G NR Positioning in 3GPP • Requirements - 3GPP identified high-level 5G NR potential positioning requirements (incl. highly accurate positioning, hybrid positioning) • Use cases – study on 5G positioning use cases covers diverse use case and scenarios (IoT, V2X, Industry 4.0, emergency services, Aerials, Location based Services) • Next: New 5G NR Positioning Study to start in Rel-16 (Oct’2018) • Some potential NR positioning benefits: wider bandwidths expect to provide better ToA resolution, massive antenna systems, beam angles and ToA triangulation, flexible NR network architecture; RTK for precise positioning 22 5G NR Positioning Trend @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 23. • Transition to 5G is an evolution, but could also transfer verticals • 5G NR is designed for long term coexistence with 4G LTE • 5G systems evolution direction: connecting verticals; need more inputs from verticals, more collaboration • Existing LPWA (LTE-M and NB-IoT) solutions are 5G ready and will be forward- compatible with 5G core networks • NB-IoT and LTE-M, including their evolutions, are expected to be the vital 5G components to address LPWA use cases in the 5G era • NR-IIoT to address IIoT use cases: factory automation; leveraging NR URLLC and TSN • 5G UE will not signal UE categories anymore explicitly to the network, definition however will be in the spec for marketing concept • NR-V2X to address advanced V2X use cases • NR Positioning: highly accurate positioning (centimetre), hybrid positioning 23 Take-away @SylviaLuUkCW SIG Event Sep 2018
- 24. CW SIG Event Sep 201824 Sylvia Lu • Sr. Engineer, Cellular Technology u-blox AG • Advisory Board Member UK5G • Board Director CW (Cambridge Wireless) @SylviaLuUK Thank you!