Project implementation plan: Piloting and scaling of low emission development options in large scale dairy farms in China
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The document outlines an implementation plan for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in large-scale dairy farms in China, highlighting the contribution of livestock to global emissions and the need for mitigation strategies. It details project objectives to improve production efficiency, reduce costs, and identify emission reduction technologies while emphasizing the urgency given the rapid growth of dairy production and consumption in China. The plan includes developing tools for monitoring emissions, demonstrating reduction technologies, and providing policy recommendations to achieve sustainable and green dairy industry development.
Project implementation plan: Piloting and scaling of low emission development options in large scale dairy farms in China
- 1. 实施计划 Implementation plan 董红敏 DONG Hongmin 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 Institute of Environment and SustainableDevelopment in Agriculture, CAAS CCAFS 国际合作项目 中国规模化奶牛养殖场低排放措施示范和推广 Piloting and scaling of low emission development options in large-scale dairy farms in China
- 2. 1. 项目背景 Background 2. 目标与任务 Objective and activities 3. 执行计划 Implementation plan 4. 工作基础 pervious work 报告提纲 Outline
- 3. 研究背景 Background ❑ 畜牧业是重要的温室气体排放源，占人为排放的14.5%，其中牛奶生产带来的 排放占畜禽养殖业排放的20% (FAO) Livestock is one of major GHG emission sources. Contribute to around 14.5% world total. Dairy GHG emission from enteric and manure management contribute 20% to livestock emission. ❑ 评估奶产品的碳足迹，明确牛奶温室气体排放关键点，可以为通过提高奶牛生 产效率控制排放提供科学依据 Carbon footprint could quantify GHG emissions and relative contributions by each sector throughout whole production chain, Provide scientific data on CF baseline, identify potential CF mitigating measures, and policy-making in China.
- 4. ⚫ 2012年中国的温室气体排放量（不包括LUCF）为 118.96 亿吨CO2e ⚫ 2012年农业源贡献了约9.38亿吨CO2e，占全国排 放 量的8％ ⚫ 肠道和粪便管理产生的畜禽温室气体排放量占农业 排放量的40％ ❑ China GHG emission (excluding LUCF) in 2012 was 11.9 Billion tons CO2e ❑ Agriculture contribute about 8% of national emissions , 938 million tons CO2e in 2012, ❑ Livestock GHG emission contribute 40% to agricultural emission 研究背景 Background 畜牧业是中国主要的温室气体排放源之一 Livestock is one of major GHG emission sources in China
- 5. 畜牧业温室气体排放清单 GHG emission inventory in livestock sector 项目/Item CH4 (106 t CH4) N2O (106 t N2O) CO2eq (106 t CO2 eq) 肠道甲烷 / Enteric CH4 10.7 225.6 粪便管理CH4 / Manure CH4 3.3 69.9 粪便管理N2O / Manure N2O 0.249 77.185 总量/Total 14.1 0.25 372.7 ❑ The total livestock GHG is 373 million tons CO2eq • CH4 emission from Enteric fermentation is 60.7% • CH4 emission from manure management is 18.9% • N2O emission from manure management is 20.4% ❑ 温室气体排放总量为3.73 亿吨CO2eq • 肠道发酵CH4 排放占60.7% • 粪便管理CH4 排放占18.9% • 粪便管理N2O 排放占20.4%
- 6. 不同畜禽的温室气体排放贡献 GHG emission from different subcategories of livestock sector 肠道发酵CH4 排放 Enteric CH4 emission Dairy 11.0 % 粪便管理CH4排放 Manure CH4 emission Dairy 6.1% 粪便管理N2O排 Manure N2O emission Dairy 8.9% 不同动物贡献 Contribution of different animals Dairy ranks top 5
- 7. 牛奶生产和消费快速增加 Production and consumption quick increased ❑ Dairy population increase 16 times from 1980 to 2018 ❑ Milk yield increased 28 times from 1980 to 2019 牛奶产量(百万吨) 奶牛存栏量(百万头) Milkconsumption(kg/capita/yr) 牛奶消费量（kg/人/年） 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 Milkyield(Millionton) Dairynumber(Millionhead) Mike yield Milk consumption per capita Dairy number ❑ 2018年奶牛养殖数量是1980年的16倍 ❑ 2018年牛奶产量是1980年的28倍
- 8. 奶业振兴行动--实现奶业优质安全、绿色发展的目标 Revitalization of dairy industry–safty and green production ❑ 2018年，国务院办公厅《关于推进奶业振兴保障乳 品质量安全的意见》（国办发〔2018〕43 号） • 100头以上规模养殖比重超过65%， • 奶源自给率保持在70%以上 • 产品监督抽检合格率达到99%以上 • 养殖废弃物综合利用率达到75%以上 ❑ In 2018, Dairy industry revitalization plan • over 65% dairy cattle are from large-scale (>100 head ) • self-sufficiency of milk maintained above 70% • The qualified rate of product is over 99% • The comprehensive utilization rate of livestock manure is over 75% Transforming and upgrading转型升级 Stable development period 平稳发展 Rapid expansion 快速发展 2008-2016 1997-2007 1979-1996 After 2017 Sustainable development 可持续
- 9. 不同国家碳足迹比较 Comparison of carbon footprint of different countries 奶 牛 碳 足 迹 涉 及 整 个 生 产 链 条 Feed production Dairy production Manure treatment Manure application Agri. inputs production 0 1 2 3 Carbonfootprint(kgCO2-eqkg FPCM-1) AUS SWEUK US IRL CHN Global NL NZ GER CAN
- 10. 不同环节和温室气体对碳足迹贡献 Contribution of different stage and gas to carbon footprint 饲料种植和加工 运输 肠道发酵 粪便管理 粪便还田 能源消耗
- 11. 0 1 2 3 Farm 1 Farm 2 Farm 3 Farm 4 Farm 5 Carbonfootprint(kgCO2/kgmilk) Farm Land application Energy consumption Farm manure management Entric fermentation Feed planting, production and processing No allocation Average 1.9 1.76 1.16 kgCO2e/kgFPCM 1.56 不同养殖场碳足迹差异显著 Contribution of different stage and gas to carbon footprint
- 12. 项目目的 project mission ❑ 项目目的 探讨实施奶牛场温室气体减排技术的途径,提高生产效率、降低牛奶成本，减少牛奶 生产过程的温室气体排放。为实现奶业优质安全、绿色发展的目标提供支撑。 ❑ General objective To explore the way to implement mitigation option for GHG emissions in dairy farm, and reduce GHG emissions in milk production process. Meanwhile, to improve production efficiency and reduce milk cost, so as to provide support for achieving the goal of high quality, safety and green development of dairy industry.
- 13. 项目介绍 brief of project phase I ❑ 本项目基于CCAFS和中荷奶业发展中心（SDDDC）共同资助一期项目 “中国条件下乳制品碳足迹评估和减排技术选择” 。一期项目建立了碳足 迹评估方法和工具，对100个养殖场进行了碳足迹评估，筛选减排关键点和 减排技术。 ❑ This project built on the project ‘Carbon Footprint Assessment and Mitigation Options of Dairy under Chinese Conditions’ (2018-2019) jointly funded by CCAFS and the Sino-Dutch Dairy Development Center (SDDDC). In phase I, Carbon Footprint assessment methodology and tools were developed, and key mitigation points and technologies were identified based on performance data from more than 100 Chinese dairy farms
- 14. 项目目标 Specific Objectives ❑ 旨在探讨在大型奶牛场实施温室气体减排措施的有效方法 ⚫ 在实际奶牛场进行减排技术示范 ⚫ 开发温室气体和 氮磷环境影响监测和评估工具，支持奶牛养殖场科学决策 ⚫ 为奶牛养殖场温室气体减排提供技术指导和政策建议 ❑ Aiming at implementation of mitigation options on large dairy farms. ⚫ Demonstrate how to apply mitigation technology in dairy farms ⚫ Develop tool to facilitate Monitoring , Reporting and Verifying GHG, N , P emission to support decision making on dairy farms based sciences ⚫ Provide technical guidance and policy recommendations on mitigation of GHG emissions on dairy farms
- 15. 项目活动 Activities ❑ 奶牛养殖场温室气体减排技术清单和指南 ❑ 设计加速减排技术应用的全农场方法并在奶牛场进行示范 ❑ 建立环境评估模型 ❑ 监测和评估试验和示范养殖场减排技术实施效果 ❑ 技术培训和推广 ❑ Identify practical mitigation option list and guidelines ❑ Design a farm approach and demonstarte how to enhance application of mitigation options in farms ❑ Establish an environmental assessment model ❑ Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation options ❑ Training and extension
- 16. 项目交付成果 Deliverables Nr 交付成果 Deliverable 1 中国奶牛场减排措施实施可行性报告 Feasibility of mitigation options CN dairy farms (report) 2 推动农场实施减排技术的全农场方法，包括必要的培训材料 Total farm approach to enhance the implementation of mitigation options, including necessarytrainingmaterial 3 基于全农场方法， 在2个试验和15个农场示范减排技术 Testing and implementing the total farm approach IN 2 Pilot farms and 15demo farms in different regions 5 计算和监测农场的氮、磷、温室气体的模型 Model to calculate and monitor N, P, GHG and technical and sustainability indicators on farm 6 示范农场监测评估报告 Reports of monitoring and evaluation of demonstration farms 7 政策建议 Policy recommendations 8 区域LED研讨会 Regional LED workshop incl. proceedings
- 17. 实施路线-总体
- 18. 实施路线-减排技术清单和指南 Implementation plan – mitigation option list and guideline Expert meeting Stakeholder meeting Database of dairy farm from Phase 1 General list of mitigation options Mitigation options list for different regions and farm scales Current technology
- 19. 实施路线-农场试验和示范 Implementation plan – Farm pilot and demonstrations Design and prepare of total farm approach Choose pilot and demo farms Test and implement the approach on 2 pilot farms Test and implement the approach on 15 demo farms Trainings for trainers and farmers
- 20. 实施路线-评估模型 Implementation plan – environmental assessment model Environmental assessment model of dairy farm Nutrient cycling Carbon footprint model of dairy Water footprint Environmental assessment model of livestock farm C assessment N/P assessment Water assessment
- 21. 实施路线-政策建议 Implementation plan - policy recommendations 政策 建议 粪污资源化 利用行动 减排措施清 单和技术指 南 环境评估模 型分析和情 景优化 农场示范和 推广效果 奶业振兴 计划 Action plan for resource utilization of livestock manure (2017) Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Revitalization of Dairy Industry to Ensure the Quality and Safety of Dairy Products in 2018 Mitigation option list and guideline The effect of farm pilot and demonstrations Environmental assessmentmodel and scenario analysis
- 22. 参与机构 Participant Organisation ❑ Wageningen Livestock Research (WLR), Wageningen University and Research (WUR) guidance to the Chinese developers and implementers ❑ Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IEDA-CAAS) Implementation of activities ❑ Sino-Dutch Dairy Development Centre (SDDDC), China Agricultural University (CAU) Implementation of activities ❑ Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) support to project design, facilitating partnership, publishing and dissemination of results
- 23. 项目活动分配 Allocation of activities for organization WUR 1. Guide the Chinese developers and implementers in the fields of: measuring, monitoring, analyzing data, impact of mitigation options, farm efficiency indicators and bottlenecks and incentives for farmers and other stakeholders. 2. Communicationand project management WUR 1. 指导中国研究者和实施者：测量、监 测、分析数据、减缓方案的影响 2. 分析农场效率指标及对农民和其他利 益相关者的激励。 3. 沟通与项目管理
- 24. CAAS 1. Develop feasibility mitigation options for CN dairy farms 2. Develop model for GHG and other environmental indicators of CN dairy sector 3. Monitoring and evaluation results of pilot farms 4. Deliver policyrecommendations 5. Cooperationand communication CAAS 1. 筛选奶牛养殖场温室气体减排措施 2. 建立温室气体和NP环境评估模型 3. 试点农场的监测和评估 4. 提出中国奶牛养殖场提供政策建议 5. 合作交流 项目活动分配 Allocation of activities for organization
- 25. CAU 1. Design and prepare customized plan of total farm approach 2. Choose pilot and demo farms that are interested in applying the mitigation options 3. Test and implement the approach on 2 pilot farms 4. Test and implement the approach on 15 demo farms 5. Monitor and evaluation of the results and outcome of different mitigation options, applied on the pilot and demo farms 6. Upscaling implementation by partners/stakeholders CAU 1. 设计和编制定制的全农场方案 2. 选择对实施缓解方案感兴趣的试验和 示范农场 3. 在两个试验农场监测并实施该方法 4. 在15个示范农场监测并实施该方法 5. 监测和评估试验和示范农场采用的不 同缓解方案的效果 6. 合作伙伴/利益相关者推广实施 项目活动分配 Allocation of activities for organization
- 26. 时间安排 Time table Nr 交付成果 Deliverable 2020 2021 2022 1st/4 2nd/4 3rd/4 4th/4 1st/4 2nd/4 3rd/4 4th/4 1st/4 1 Feasibility of mitigation options CN dairy farms (report) 2 Design the total farm approach 3 Testing and implementing the total farm approach in 2 pilot farms 4 Implementing the total farm approach in 15 demo farms 5 upscaling implementation total farm approach 6 Development of N, P, GHG Model 7 Reports of monitoring and evaluation of demonstration farms 8 Policy recommendations 9 Regional LED workshop incl. proceedings
- 27. 工作基础 Previous Research 1. 建立生命周期方法的奶牛碳足迹评估方法 2. 开发了碳足迹评估软件 3. 100个典型农场调研和数据分析 4. 减排技术筛选 1. LCA Method for carbon footprint assessment of dairy production 2. Software development of carbon footprint assessment 3. Data collection and analysis for 100 dairy cattle 4. Mitigation option
- 28. 奶牛碳足迹评估方法学 Methodology of Carbon footprint assessment of dairy cattle
- 30. 开发碳足迹评估软件工具 Tool of CF assessment
- 31. 典型农场调研和数据分析 Data collection and analysis for more than 100 dairy farms 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101 105 Carbonfootprint(kgCO2e/kgmilk) Farm Global (2.4) North America China (1.9) NZ (0.7) Germany (0.9) (1.8)
- 32. 减排技术筛选, 8类31项技术 Selection of mitigation options Herd management • Increase longevity (reduce replacement rate) • Decrease age at first calving • Remove idle cows • Improve health management • Optimise transition period • Optimise young stock management Stable • Good construction contributes to herd performance • Close or modify playground Feeding • Optimise rations (match cow requirements) • Reduce losses during feed storage • Optimise feed quality and composition • Avoid excess protein feeding • Direct feeding of compound ingredients • Additives to reduce enteric methane (e.g. nitrate, 3NOP, fat, etc.) Breeding • Genetic selection on feed efficiency • Genetic selection on increased milk production • Genetic selection on low enteric CH4 Carbon sequestration in soils • Reduced tillage on crops Feed production • Increased crop yields • Optimise fertilization efficiency • Increase nutritional value crops (feed quality) • Improve grazing management • Grazing management to avoid degradation of soils under natural grasslands • Slow release fertilizer Manure management • Covered lagoon with methane oxidation • Anaerobic digestion • Innovative techniques to improve manure management: primary manure separation, direct removal, and closed storage with thermal/biological oxidation to remove methane • Change manure land application methods from spread to injection Energy management • Production of renewable energy (wind/solar/manure) • Reduce fossil energy use / apply energy saving technologies in o Farm (milking, cooling), processing o Feed cultivation (machines, transport) o Feed processing o Milk processing • Select crops with low energy requirements
- 33. 奶牛减排技术监测 Monitoring on emission reduction technology of dairy cattle 污水氧化塘 Oxidation pond 添砖 Licking brick 饲料 Feed 堆肥 Compost
- 34. 68.83 74.06 92.38 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 秸秆型A日粮(40:60) 青贮型B日粮(40:60) 青贮型C日粮(60:40) CH4量（kg/年） ❑ 青贮日粮B和日粮C每年的甲烷排放量分别比秸秆日粮A低20%和25% ❑ 与秸秆A型日粮相比，青贮B和C型日粮生产每公斤牛奶可减少31%和38%的甲烷排放。 • Methane emissions of silage B and C diets were 20% and 25% lower than those of straw A diets • Silage B and C diets produced 1kg of milk and reduced methane production by 31% and 38%, respectively, compared to straw-type A diets. 饲料调控减少奶牛甲烷的排放 Changing Feed to Reduce Methane Emissions from Dairy Cows 中国奶牛养殖低碳养殖技术及减排潜力 Low carbon options and emission reduction potential in Chinese dairy sector 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 CH4产生量（L） CH4量（L/kgDM） CH4量（L/kg乳） CH4量（L/kgDM） 30.06 27.15 24.28 CH4量（L/kg乳） 32.88 22.54 20.27 秸秆型A日粮 (40:60) 青贮型B日粮 (40:60) 青贮型C日粮 (60:40)
- 35. 舔砖对高产进口奶牛甲烷减排 Effect of licking brick on CH4 reduction of high yield imported dairy cows 每公斤产奶甲烷减排32.6% CH4 emission - 32.6 % per kg milk 甲烷能损失比例减少21.5% CH4 energyemission -21.5% CH4emission(g/day) CH4emission(g/kgDM) CH4emission(g/kgmilk) CH4energylosses(%) 单个动物甲烷减排20.3% CH4 emission -20.3% per animal 每公斤干物质摄入甲烷减排20.8% CH4 emission -20.8% per drymatter
- 36. 污水表层覆盖陶粒的减排效果 Mitigation effect of wastewater covered with ceramsite ❑ 覆盖增加春季N2O和CO2排放，其它季节减少 Ceramsite coverage increases N2O and CO2 emissions in spring, and decreases in other seasons ❑ 覆盖增加秋季CH4排放，其它季节减少 Ceramsite coverage increases CH4 emissions in autumn and decreases in other seasons ❑ 年均排放通量(CO2-eq)：-5.0% Annual average emission flux (CO2-eq)：-5.0%
- 37. 项目进度 Progress of project ❑ Finished the report “Feasibility of mitigation options CN dairy farms” ❑ The methodology of Chinese environmental assessment model is on going ❑ Communicate with leading dairy enterprise in China ❑ Collect data from scaled dairy farm in different region in China ❑ “Total farm approach” design ❑ 完成《奶牛场温室气体减排技术可行性方案》报告 ❑ 中国奶牛场环境评估模型的方法正在进行中 ❑ 国内领先的乳品企业进行了沟通，收集中国不同地区规模奶牛场的数据 ❑ 开展了加速减排技术推广的“全农场方法”设计