Module 8a spirochetes
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The document discusses several genera of bacteria that are motile or intracellular parasites. It describes Spirochetes as helically coiled, motile bacteria containing endoflagella. Treponema pallidum causes syphilis in humans. Borrelia recurrentis causes relapsing fever. Leptospira interrogans causes leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease. Mycoplasma lack cell walls. Rickettsia and Chlamydia are obligate intracellular parasites, with Rickettsia transmitted by arthropods and Chlamydia spreading human to human.
Module 8a spirochetes
- 1. Spirochetes et.al. Spirochetes Mycoplasma Rickettsia & Chlamydia Microbiology HTL
- 2. Spirochetes x Gram negative, motile, x Heterogenous group long helical corkscrew of motile organisms appearance x Contains one outer x spirochete flagella - sheath of endoflagella glycosaminoglycans x aerobic & facultative x Contains series of anaerobes cytoplasmic tubules x reproduce by transverse (body fibrils) fission Microbiology HTL
- 3. Spirochetes x Family Spirochaaetaceae ( free living, large spiral organisms ) x Family Treponemataceae – Genus Treponema – T. pallidum – Genus Borrelia – B. recurrentis – Genus Leptospira – L. interrogans Microbiology HTL
- 4. Treponema pallidum Subspecies Disease Pallidum Syphillis Pertenue Yaws Endemicum Endemic syphilis ( Bejel) Carateum Pinta Microbiology HTL
- 5. Characteristics of Treponema x 0.2 um in diameter up to 15 um in length x Actively motile, rotating steadily around their endoflagella even after attaching to cells x Spirals are thin and only seen in immunofluorescent stain or darkfield microscopy x Can be stained with silver impregnation mtd Microbiology HTL
- 6. Culture x Has never been cultured continuously on artificial media, in fertile eggs, or in tissue culture x Nonpathogenic treponemes ( Reiter Stain ) can be cultured anaerobically in vitro x They are saprophytic Microbiology HTL
- 7. Growth characteristics x Microaerophilic organism x Survives best with 1-4% oxygen x Grows in a defined medium with 11 amino acids, vitamins, salts & serum albumin x Remain motile 3-6 days at 25 degrees, and in whole blood remain viable for at least 24 hours at 4 degrees clinical significance in blood transfusion Microbiology HTL
- 8. Reactions & antigens x Killed by drying or temperature elevation (42 degrees) x Immobilized and killed by trivalent arsenic, mercury & bismuth x Slow killing time with penicillin, sometimes tolerance is demonstrated x Not culturable = hard to characterize antigens = more than 100 antigens Microbiology HTL
- 9. Syphillis x Acquired Syphillis x Congenital Syphillis – 10th to 15th fetal week x Nontreponemal antigen Test – (VDRL) x Treponemal Antibody test – Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody (FTA-ABS) – Particle Agglutination test – TP-PA Microbiology HTL
- 10. Trivia x Most common type of Syphilis is “Rabbit Syphilis” caused by T.cuniculi x Natural STD in rabbits producing minor lesions in the genitalia x Moral of the story: Doesn’t pay to be too sexually active like the rabbit! ( Hooray for bugs bunny ) Microbiology HTL
- 11. Microbiology HTL
- 12. Borrelia x B. reccurrentis causes relapsing fever in epidemic form x Transmitted by the human body louse x Highly flexible and move by rotation & twisting x Stain readily with blood stains ( Wright’s & Giemsa stain ) Microbiology HTL
- 13. Culture & Growth x Cultured in media containing blood, serum, tissue x Rapidly loses pathogenicity for animal after repeated culture in vitro x Multiplication is quick in chick embryo x Can survive at 4 degrees in infected blood or culture Microbiology HTL
- 14. B. burgdorferi x Causes lyme disease ( named after the place Lyme, CT ) x Isolated in children and transmitted thru the bite of a small ixodes tick x Characteristic skin lesion, erythema migrans, along with flu like symptoms with late manifestations often with arthritis Microbiology HTL
- 15. Microbiology HTL
- 16. Leptospira & leptospirosis x L. interrogans causes leptospirosis which is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution x Contains more than 260 serotypes x Tightly coiled spirochete and not easily stainable ( silver impregnation) x No traditional method of classification due to high heterogeneity Microbiology HTL
- 17. Culture, growth & antigens x Grow best under aerobic conditions at 28-30 degrees in serum containing semi- solid media ( Fletcher’s or Stuarts media ) x Derives energy from oxidation of long chain FA & cannot use aminoacids and carbohydrates x Mainstream antigens are called serovars (many) with rodents & canine urine as main source Microbiology HTL
- 18. Microbiology HTL
- 19. Mycoplasma x lack of cell wall x also causes rhinitis - x obligate intracellular nose of chickens & parasites & fermenters turkeys x colonies : fried egg x due to absence of cell appearance wall can squeeze thru x long spiral to perfectly small openings ,not round cocci filterable. x Mycoplasma pneumoniae – Penicillin & - atypical Streptomycin Ab Microbiology HTL
- 20. Microbiology HTL
- 21. Rickettsia & Chlamydia: (1) x Gram(-) bacteria which x R. typhi - endemic used to be grouped w/ typhus virus because of its size x R. rickettsi - Rocky x Chlamydia - 0.2 -0.7 u mountain spotted fever x Rickettsia - 0.3 - 1.0 u x Coxiella burnetti - Q x obligate intracellular fever parasites x Rickettsial diseases are x R. prowazekii - epidemic all systemic typhus x C. trachomatis - Microbiology HTL trachoma ( blindness)
- 22. Rickettsia & Chlamydia: (2) x C. psittaci - psittacosis x Chlamydia has 2 cell (parrot fever) types: x Rickettsial pathogens are – Chlamydiospore- carried by arthropods elementary body (lice, ticks, mites) – Vegetative cell - x chlamydia are from reticulate body human to human x most important x rickettsia reproduce by substance needed by simple division both from host is Microbiology HTL ATP
- 23. Microbiology HTL
- 24. Microbiology HTL