Module 11 immunology
Download as PPT, PDF1 like194 views
This document summarizes key concepts in immunology, including the three lines of defense against pathogens, primary and secondary immune organs, types of lymphocytes and immunity, immunologic disorders like hypersensitivities and their classifications, antibodies and immunologic problems involving blood transfusions and organ transplantation. Common immunologic disorders are also listed.
Module 11 immunology
- 1. Immunology Cell & Organs Immune Defense & Response Immunologic Disorders
- 2. 3 Lines of Body Defense s Nonspecific surface defenses s Non specific interior defenses s Immune defenses (specific) ®B cell antibodies ®T-cell cytotoxicity s Immune Recognition ----> Immune Activation --> Immune Response
- 3. Organs & Vessels of Immune System s Primary Immune organs ® Bonemarrow - B cell differentiation ® Thymus - T cell differentiation s Secondary Lymphoid Organs ® Lymph Nodes -Appendix ® Spleen -Peyer’s patches ® Tonsils -Adenoids s Lymphatic circulation ® Lymph & Thoracic duct
- 4. Types of Lymphocytes s B Cells - Humoral Immunity ® Effector B Cells --Antibody production ® Plasma Cells -- mass Ab production ® Memory B Cells -- Antigen recognition s T cells -Cellular Immunity ® T4 cells - Helper T cells -Immunoregulation ® T8 cells - Cytotoxic T cells - Killer cells - Suppressor T cells - dampen I.R. s Non T Non B cells ® Natural Killer celle (NK cells )
- 5. Types of Immunity s Active - product of individuals own immune system s Passive - antibodies produced elsewhere are given to the individual ® Naturally Acquired Active - acquired infection ® Artificially Acquired active - Vaccine ® Naturally Acquired Passive - mother to fetus ® Artificially Acquired Passive - injection from donor
- 6. Common Terminologies s Antigen Recognition s Antigen presenting cells s Antigen- Antibody Binding s B-cell Activation - Lymphokines s Reactivation s B cell Response s Cytotoxicity s Immunoregulation
- 7. Lymphokines & its sources s Interleukin-1 - macrophage & B cells s Interleukin 2 - T cells, NK cells s Interleukin 3, 4, 5 - T cells s Interleukin 6 - T cells & macrophages s Gamma Interferon - T cells, NK cells s Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) - Cytotoxic T cells
- 8. 5 Classes of Antibodies s IgG - Monomer - 75 % secondary immune response s IgA - Monomer/dimer - 15 - 20% prevents viral attachment s IgM - Pentamer -5% early Ab in primary immune response s IgD - Monomer - < 1% poorly understood, helps lymphocyte growth s IgE -Monomer -< 0.01% cell degranulation when binding to antigen
- 9. Immunologic disorders s Type 1 -Anaphylactic Hypersensitivity ® Insectsting, hay fever, asthma , food allergy ® Immediate reaction within 20 minutes ® involves IgE ® Epinephrine, antihistamine (desensitization) s Type 2 - Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity ® Transfusion rxns. Rh disease, Graves disease ® variable reaction time ® involves IgG, IgM variable treatment
- 10. Immunologic Disorders (2) s Type 3 - Immune Complex Hypersensitivity ® SLE, RA, farmers lung disease, serum sickness ® variable reaction time & treatment (steroids) ® involves IgG, IgM s Type 4 - Cell Mediated hypersensitivity ® delayed type 12 hours to several weeks ® organ transplantation, poison ivy, granulomatous infection ® no Ig involved
- 11. Common Immunologic Problems s ABO system - transfusion reaction s Rh system - hemolytic disease of newborn s Crossmatch reactions s Organ Transplantations s Tissue Grafting & rejection ® Graftversus host ® Host versus graft
- 12. Types of Grafts s Autograft - self ® skin ( no rejection) s Isograft - same e.g. twins ® bone marrow (no rejection) s Allograft - different ® bone marrow, kidney, heart , lung, cornea s Xenograft - foreign ® Babboon’s heart
- 13. Immunologic disorders: s Severe Combined Immunodeficiency s x-linked Agammaglobulinemia s DiGeorge’s syndrome s AIDS s Chronic granulomatous disease s C5 dysfunction