Regular expressions in Perl
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This document discusses regular expressions and pattern matching in Perl. It explains that regular expressions allow pattern matching in Perl using operators like m//. It provides examples of matching patterns using metacharacters like ., quantifiers like *, grouping using (), alternation with |, and anchors like ^ and $. The document also covers character classes, substitution using s///, and more advanced regular expression topics in Perl.
![Regular expressions
Square brackets [] and character class
[abcd] – match any of the characters a, b, c, d
[a-d] – also means the same thing
[ls]Aa[rs] – match uppercase A or lowercase a
[0-9] – match a digit
[A-Za-z]{5} - match any group of 5 alphabetic
characters
[^a-z] - match all capital case letters - ^ is a
negation
[*!@#$%&()] - match any of these characters
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![Regular expressions
Special Character classes
w – match a word character same as [a-Za-z]
W – match non-word characters
d –match a digit [0-9]
D- match a non-digit
s - match a whitespace character
S - match a non-whitespace character
Example - /d{3}/ - match 3 digits
/sw+s/ - match a group of words surrounded
by white space
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Regular expressions in Perl
- 1. Regular expressions Pattern matching with Perl scripting language http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 2. Regular expressions We usually talk about regular expressions and pattern matching within the context of scripting language such as Perl or Shell script. Lets us look at pattern matching using regular expression with Perl scripting language http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 3. Regular expressions Pattern matching in Perl occurs using a match operator such as m// or m:: or m,, Example – m/simple/ Here the text “simple” is matched against ? - $_ $_ is the default scalar variable in Perl. http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 4. Regular expressions Metacharacters have to be preceded with a during pattern matching. Metacharacters ^ $ ( ) | @ [ { ? . + * So to match m/$10/ we write m/$10/ http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 5. Regular expressions m// if we use // as delimiters – we can avoid the character m during pattern matching. So m/simple/ can be /simple/ To match variables using regex simply use / $varname/ http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 6. Regular expressions Metacharacters . ^ $ ( ) | @ [ { ? + * . Matches a single character Example /d.t/ matches dot, dit, d t If we want . to behave as a non-metacharacter we preceed it with a Thus /d.t/ matches d.t http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 7. Regular expressions Metacharacters . ^ $ ( ) | @ [ { ? + * Special characters n – newline r – carriage return t – tab f – formfeed Special characters take the same meaning inside // during pattern matching http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 8. Regular expressions Quantifiers – tells the regex , how many times a pattern should be matched. “+” match minimum once or as many times as it occurs Example /go+d/ matches good but not god “*” matches preceding character 0 or more times Example /hik*e/ matches hike, hie – matches k 0 or more times between hi and e “?” matches preceding character 0 or 1 times but not more. Example /h?ello/ matches hello or ello but not hhello http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 9. Regular expressions {} matched characters specified number of times /a{5,10}/ - matches the character a at least 5 times , but no more than 10 times /a{5,}/ - matches 5 and more times. /a{0,2}/ - matches 0 or at the most 2 times. /a{5}/ - match exactly six times .* - matches anything between 2 set of characters /hello.*world/ matches “hello Joe welcome to the world” http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 10. Regular expressions Square brackets [] and character class [abcd] – match any of the characters a, b, c, d [a-d] – also means the same thing [ls]Aa[rs] – match uppercase A or lowercase a [0-9] – match a digit [A-Za-z]{5} - match any group of 5 alphabetic characters [^a-z] - match all capital case letters - ^ is a negation [*!@#$%&()] - match any of these characters http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 11. Regular expressions Special Character classes w – match a word character same as [a-Za-z] W – match non-word characters d –match a digit [0-9] D- match a non-digit s - match a whitespace character S - match a non-whitespace character Example - /d{3}/ - match 3 digits /sw+s/ - match a group of words surrounded by white space http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 12. Regular expressions Alternation and Anchors Alternation uses | which means “or” Eg. /tea|coffee/ check if string contains tea or coffee Grouping with alternation Eg. /(fr|bl|cl)og/ if string contains frog or blog or clog Anchors let you tell where you want to look for a character ^ - caret .eg. /^tea/ matches tea only if it occurs at the beginning of the line $ - dollar sign .eg. /sample$/ matches sample only at the end of the line. http://arraylist.blogspot.com
- 13. Regular expressions Substitution Syntax – s/// s/searchstring/replacementstring/ Eg. $_ = “lies does not make sense” s/lies/truth/ “truth does not make sense” Instead of / you can use # as a substitution operator Example . s#lies#truth#; http://arraylist.blogspot.com