Unit 4 sem2
- 1. FOOD UNIT 4
- 2. SOME AND ANY The words some and any are used for countable and uncountable nouns. In general, we could say that some means a few / a little and any means none in negative clauses or a few / a little in questions. Positive Clauses In positive clauses, we usually use some. Example: I have bought some bread. I have bought some apples.
- 3. Negative Clauses In negative clauses, we use any. Note, however, that any alone is not a negative - it must be not ... any Example: I have not bought any bread. I have not bought any apples. Questions In questions, we usually use any. Example: Have you bought any bread? Have you bought any apples? Questions with Some We usually use any in questions. But if we expect or want the other to answer ‚yes‘, we use some. Example: Have you got any brothers and sisters? → some people have brothers or sisters, others don't - we cannot expect the answer to be ‚yes‘
- 4. EXERCISES SOME/ANY http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/ vocabulary/some-any/exercises http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/ vocabulary/some-any/exercises?02
- 5. COUNT NOUNS Count nouns are things which can be counted. That means that there can be more than one of them. Also, when a count noun is singular and indefinite, the article “a/an” is often used with it. (The real meaning of “a” is “one”.) “There are two books on the table.” “There is an elephant in my car.”
- 6. NON-COUNT NOUNS Non-count nouns (or uncounted nouns) are usually things which cannot be counted, such as rice or water. Non-count nouns have a singular form, but when they are indefinite, we either use the word “some” or nothing at all instead of an article. “Could I have some water please?” “I'd like rice with my steak.”
- 7. How to tell whether a noun is count or non-count You can usually work out whether a noun is count or non-count by thinking about it. Count nouns are usually objects which can be counted. Non-count nouns are often substances (such as sand, water or rice) which cannot be easily counted, or they may be large abstract ideas such as “nature”, “space” or “entertainment”
- 8. COUNT/NON-COUNT EXERCISES http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/gramm ar/count1.htm
- 9. HOW MANY In everyday English, we normally use much / many only in questions and negative clauses. Example: How much money have you got? Carla does not have many friends. In positive clauses with so, as or too, we also use much / many. Example: Carla has so many friends. She has as many friends as Sue. Kevin has too much money. In all other positive clauses, however, we prefer expressions like a lot of / lots of. Example: Carla has a lot of / lots of friends. Kevin has a lot of / lots of money. In formal texts, however, much / many are also common in positive clauses. This you will notice for example when you read English news.
- 10. Countable / Uncountable Nouns In connection with much / many people often speak of countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form. In plural, these nouns can be used with a number (that's why they are called 'countable nouns'). Countable nouns take many. Example: 100 friends – many friends Uncountable nouns can only be used in singular. These nouns cannot be used with a number (that's why they are called 'uncountable nouns'). Uncountable nouns take much. Example: 100 money – much money Note: Of course you can count money – but then you would name the currency and say that you have got 5 euro (but not „5 money“).
- 11. Exercises on much and many http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/ vocabulary/much-many/exercises http://www.better-english. com/easier/howmuch.htm