10 sem 2

MODALS
 What are Modal Verbs?
 Modal verbs are special verbs which behave
very differently from normal verbs. Here are
some important differences:
 1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third
person.
 Examples:
 He can speak Chinese.
 She should be here by 9:00.

MODALS
 CAN - ability to do sth. in the present
(substitute form: to be able to). I can speak
English.
 COULD - ability to do sth. in the past
(substitute form: to be able to). I could speak
English.
 MAY - permission to do sth. in the present
(substitute form: to be allowed to). May I go
to the cinema?
 MUST - force, necessity. I must go to the
supermarket today.

…
 MUST NOT – prohibition. You mustn't work
on dad's computer.
 OUGHT TO – obligation. You ought to
switch off the light when you leave the room.
 SHALL - instead of will in the 1st person.
Suggestion. Shall I carry your bag?
 SHOULD – advice. You should drive carefully
in bad weather.
 WILL - wish, request, demand, order (less
polite than would). Will you please shut the
door?
 WOULD - wish, request (more polite than
will). Would you shut the door, please?

2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative,
even in Simple Present and Simple Past.
 Examples:
 He should not be late.
 They might not come to the party.

3. Many modal verbs cannot
be used in the past tenses or
the future tenses.
 Examples:
 He will can go with us. Not Correct
 She musted study very hard. Not Correct
 Common Modal Verbs
 Can
Could
May
Might
Must
 Ought to
Shall
Should
Will
Would

EXERCISES
 http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal1.
htm

QUESTIONS WITH HOW
 HOW MUCH - We useHow much with uncountable
nouns (nouns that you cannot count such as money,
wine, oil etc)...You cannot make them plural . You can't
say one money, or three oils.
 HOW MANY - We useHow many with countable nouns
(nouns that you can count such as books, countries etc).
We can make these nouns plural. You also use how
many with a plural verb.
 HOW OLD – to ask about age! How old are you Kate?
 HOW LONG – to ask about length or a period of time.
How long did your grandfather live?
 HOW OFTEN – to ask about frequency. How often do
you go to the gym?

EXERCISES
 http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exe
rcise-english-2/exercise-english-24600.php

10 sem 2

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10 sem 2