Towards Need-driven Knowledge Sharing in Distributed Teams
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The document discusses the challenges of knowledge sharing in distributed teams, particularly in the context of developing complex products like modern cars. It highlights issues such as lack of motivation, time constraints, and communication gaps that hinder effective knowledge transfer. Proposed solutions include novel mediation services and prototypes like 'inverse search' and 'woogle' to facilitate need-driven knowledge sharing.
![Task complexity – car example Modern cars consist of ~20k single parts Suppliers cover up to 80% of design and production [MF04]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iknow2009nksmaster-090908060956-phpapp01/85/Towards-Need-driven-Knowledge-Sharing-in-Distributed-Teams-3-320.jpg)
![Knowledge sharing problems Non-participation of providers Time & Effort Lack of motivation Privacy Amplified in distributed settings (>30 meters) Lack of context Lack of trust Reduced communication channels Important role of mediation technologies (i.e. communication media) “ Developers are usually interested in resolving their problems rather than document ing their own ones, offering new knowledge or extending the knowledge-base.” [Industrial Partner]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iknow2009nksmaster-090908060956-phpapp01/85/Towards-Need-driven-Knowledge-Sharing-in-Distributed-Teams-5-320.jpg)
![Inverse Search Problem in conventional search & recommendation systems Information seekers (1) match queries against a given corpus and (2) “import” public documents into their local space Information providers are not part of this standard model although they are potential providers of additional information Approach Inverse search: Information providers (3) matching their corpus against a given set of queries (4) to identify documents worth sharing Queries Public Index Public (1) Query (2) Results Information seeker Information provider (3) iSearch (4) Share [Ha08] „ Need to share“](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iknow2009nksmaster-090908060956-phpapp01/85/Towards-Need-driven-Knowledge-Sharing-in-Distributed-Teams-13-320.jpg)
![Initial empirical results Provider‘s perspective KOMA Online-Survey of Software Developers (n=1477) >90% would share context of a problem (libraries used, version, tools) and actions performed to solve the problem 88% share knowledge personally (F2F, E-Mail) but only 33% with more than one person (Wiki/Groupware systems) 54% indicated to have no time for sharing; 30% can not identify information worth sharing Analyzing software developers descriptions of work sessions from multiple systems (n~750.000) 10% were „pseudo descriptions“ [MH2009] Seeker‘s perspective Analysis of intranet query logs of a german IT company: 500 of 2000 queries yielding zero results (one month of log data) Inverse search: out of 50 ranked terms, 40 were ranked „actively interested“ (activvely sought within last 6 years or planning to seek) by at least one person (10 of them by at last 4 people)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iknow2009nksmaster-090908060956-phpapp01/85/Towards-Need-driven-Knowledge-Sharing-in-Distributed-Teams-17-320.jpg)
![Literature [Ha09] Hans-Jörg Happel: Social Search and Need-driven Knowledge Sharing in Wikis with Woogle. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration (WikiSym'09) (to appear) [Ha08] Hans-Jörg Happel: Closing Information Gaps with Inverse Search. In Proceeedings of the 7th International Conference on Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management (PAKM2008). [MF04] Mercer Management Consulting; Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung -IPA-, Stuttgart; Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik -IML-, Dortmund: Future Automotive Industry Structure (FAST) 2015 - die neue Arbeitsteilung in der Automobilindustrie. Frankfurt/M.: VDA, 2004. [MH09] Walid Maalej, Hans-Jörg Happel: From Work to Word: How Do Software Developers Describe Their Work? In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR 2009)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iknow2009nksmaster-090908060956-phpapp01/85/Towards-Need-driven-Knowledge-Sharing-in-Distributed-Teams-19-320.jpg)
Towards Need-driven Knowledge Sharing in Distributed Teams
- 1. Towards Need-driven Knowledge Sharing in Distributed Teams Hans-Jörg Happel, FZI Karlsruhe, 02.09.2009 8th Int. Conference on Knowledge Management. (I-Know 2009) Graz, Austria; 2.-4. September 2009
- 2. Agenda Distributed teams Knowledge sharing approaches „ Need-driven“ knowledge sharing Prototypes Conclusion
- 3. Task complexity – car example Modern cars consist of ~20k single parts Suppliers cover up to 80% of design and production [MF04]
- 4. Distributed Work requires, but also impedes knowledge sharing Developing Complex Products and Services Increasing Modularization & Specialization Increasing Distribution of Teams Increasing Agility/ Ad Hoc Teams impedes impedes Knowledge Sharing Coordination requires
- 5. Knowledge sharing problems Non-participation of providers Time & Effort Lack of motivation Privacy Amplified in distributed settings (>30 meters) Lack of context Lack of trust Reduced communication channels Important role of mediation technologies (i.e. communication media) “ Developers are usually interested in resolving their problems rather than document ing their own ones, offering new knowledge or extending the knowledge-base.” [Industrial Partner]
- 6. Knowledge Sharing as a communication process Explicit Implicit Semi-Explicit Information seeker Information provider Query Answer Information need explicit (e.g. query) implicit („push triggered“) Mediation Services Private information space Private information space Shared information space Mediation space Knowledge sharing need-driven („pull“, request) pro-active („push“)
- 7. Knowledge sharing „ Advanced mediation properties“ Pre-Transfer (Demanding, Matching, Offering) Transfer (Consumption, Negotiation, Provision) Typical approaches Personalization (Face-to-Face, IM/Chat) Codification (Forums, Document sharing)
- 8. Properties of different knowledge sharing approaches
- 9. Observations Personalization strategies do not „scale up“ for large organizations ( better for specific needs) Codification strategies decouple seekers and providers and are less „need-driven“ ( better for general needs) Communication gap between information seekers and information providers No way for information seekers to communicate demands No way for information providers to find out which information is really sought Usually bad support for matching & negotiation Questions Is it possible to solve the trade-off between scalable and need-driven knowledge sharing? Can the communication gap be bridged by better mediation services to achieve „need-driven“ knowledge sharing (NKS)?
- 10. Mediation services and spaces for need-driven knowledge sharing
- 11. NKS Prototypes Inverse Search Identify private files worth sharing to better d iffuse them into Shared Information Spaces Woogle Marrying Wikis with Enterprise Search
- 12. NKS prototypes Collect information needs (e.g. from query logs) Calculate aggregate unsatisfied information needs Marry Wikis with Enterprise Search („Woogle“) Identify private files worth sharing („Inverse Search“)
- 13. Inverse Search Problem in conventional search & recommendation systems Information seekers (1) match queries against a given corpus and (2) “import” public documents into their local space Information providers are not part of this standard model although they are potential providers of additional information Approach Inverse search: Information providers (3) matching their corpus against a given set of queries (4) to identify documents worth sharing Queries Public Index Public (1) Query (2) Results Information seeker Information provider (3) iSearch (4) Share [Ha08] „ Need to share“
- 14. Woogle
- 15. Anatomy of Woogle4MediaWiki External data sources can be accessed Collaborative description of the information need Notifications concerning search activities Discussion page Directly create new knowledge from the search dialog Search has a URI and can be linked from within the Wiki (one page per search term) Chose from different sources and/or content types Additional clues with meta-information about a need http://myHost/wiki/Woogle:SOAP
- 16. Woogle4MediaWiki: Demand guidance „ Red links“ signal „desired pages“ in the Wiki However, users are not informed how strong the information need is, and in which context it is required Woogle uses queries and further metadata to qualify desired content http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz
- 17. Initial empirical results Provider‘s perspective KOMA Online-Survey of Software Developers (n=1477) >90% would share context of a problem (libraries used, version, tools) and actions performed to solve the problem 88% share knowledge personally (F2F, E-Mail) but only 33% with more than one person (Wiki/Groupware systems) 54% indicated to have no time for sharing; 30% can not identify information worth sharing Analyzing software developers descriptions of work sessions from multiple systems (n~750.000) 10% were „pseudo descriptions“ [MH2009] Seeker‘s perspective Analysis of intranet query logs of a german IT company: 500 of 2000 queries yielding zero results (one month of log data) Inverse search: out of 50 ranked terms, 40 were ranked „actively interested“ (activvely sought within last 6 years or planning to seek) by at least one person (10 of them by at last 4 people)
- 18. Summary Distributed work requires but also impedes knowledge sharing Especially, codified, asynchronous knowledge sharing is more producer-oriented and less „need driven“ due to limitations of current media & tools Hypothesis: novel mediation services and mediation spaces can help to improve knowledge sharing in such settings Supported by intial evaluation studies Real world evaluation is ongoing (online field study) Interested MediaWiki users sought! Further Information, Screencasts, Live Demos and Downloads at http://www.teamweaver.org
- 19. Literature [Ha09] Hans-Jörg Happel: Social Search and Need-driven Knowledge Sharing in Wikis with Woogle. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration (WikiSym'09) (to appear) [Ha08] Hans-Jörg Happel: Closing Information Gaps with Inverse Search. In Proceeedings of the 7th International Conference on Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management (PAKM2008). [MF04] Mercer Management Consulting; Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung -IPA-, Stuttgart; Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik -IML-, Dortmund: Future Automotive Industry Structure (FAST) 2015 - die neue Arbeitsteilung in der Automobilindustrie. Frankfurt/M.: VDA, 2004. [MH09] Walid Maalej, Hans-Jörg Happel: From Work to Word: How Do Software Developers Describe Their Work? In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR 2009)
Editor's Notes
- #4: http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/automotive/neue_arbeitsteilung_automobilindustrie_24215.html http://www.brandeins.de/home/inhalt_detail.asp?id=1678&MenuID=8&MagID=62&sid=su6624965742366122&umenuid=1