Overview of swine production
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This document provides information on hog zoological classification and various pig breeds. It begins with the taxonomy of pigs, listing their kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Several main pig breeds are then described in detail, including their origins, characteristics and advantages/disadvantages. These include Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Pietrain, Hampshire, Berkshire, and Poland China. Other breeds such as Spotted and Chinese native pigs are also overviewed. The document concludes with sections on Philippine native pigs and methods for upgrading native stock.
Overview of swine production
- 2. Hog Zoological Scheme Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Mammalia Order : Artiodactyla Family : Suidae Genus : Sus Species : Scrofa/vittatus Sub-species : domesticus MLBibat2020 2
- 3. Sus Scrofa • is a wild hog of continental Europe from which most domestic swine have been derived. Sus vittatus • was the chief, if not the only species of the East Indian pig that contributed to domestic swine. MLBibat2020 3
- 4. Advantage of Swine Production • Pigs have the advantage of being prolific breeders • Commercial pig farming creates employment • Pigs have a high food conversion ratio • Pigs have a faster growth rate • Pigs are highly adaptable and easy to farm MLBibat2020 4
- 5. Disadvantage of Swine Production • Probability in terms of production is limited or threatened due to piglet mortality • Susceptibility to diseases • Returns take time • Foul smell • Noise making MLBibat2020 5
- 7. The Philippine Native Swine • Indigenous animals belong to a large undefined population of individuals without any uniform traits usually ascribed to a breed. • the local pig or Philippine Native pig belongs to the category, as they are small and lack the anatomical symmetry of standard breeds. • General characteristics: small and late maturing, mostly sold black or black and white have small ears, sway back and with weak pasterns. MLBibat2020 7
- 8. The Philippine Native Swine Other scientific name: • Luzon Warty pig : Sus philippinensis • Palawan Bearded pig : Sus barbatus MLBibat2020 8
- 9. The Philippine Native Swine Philippine warty pig Visayan warty pig Palawan bearded pig MLBibat2020 9
- 10. Purebreeds • Landrace • Yorkshire/Large white • Duroc • Pietrain • Hampshire • Berkshire • Poland of China • Other Purebreeds MLBibat2020 10
- 11. 1. Landrace Origin Characteristics Disadvantage • First landrace swine was developed in Denmark for the production of high quality bacon. • the landrace breed is white in color, although black skin spots or freckles are rather common. • It is known as the longest breed of swine (16 to 17 ribs) • This breed is known for its prolificacy and mothering ability under Philippine condition • Weak legs and pasterns especially on the hind legs depending on the country of origin MLBibat2020 11
- 13. 2. Yorkshire/Large white Origin Characteristics Disadvantage • English bacon breed which had its origin in Yorkshire and neighboring countries in Northern England. It was developed by selection and crossing with Leicester hog which was a white hog. • The present Large white was developed in England • Yorkshire should be entirely white in color. • Yorkshire sows are noted as good mothers (Mother Breed). • They not only farrow or raise large litters, but are great milkers. • The pigs are excellent foragers and compare favorably with those of any other breed in economy of grains. • Some individuals in this herd are relatively short and with big bely and they tend to develop carcasses with excess back fat. MLBibat2020 13
- 14. 2. Yorkshire/Large white MALE FEMALE MLBibat2020 14
- 15. 3. Duroc Origin Characteristics Performance Disadvantage • The Duroc breed of hogs had its origin in the eastern United States and in the Corn belt. • Duroc has solid colors, ranging from very high light golden to very dark red that approaches the color of mahogany, medium in size. The length of its legs is proportional to the depth and length of its body. • Duroc is considered a superior breed in terms of growth rate and feed efficiency. It has a good muscle quality and is probably the most resistant to stress. • Some individuals have a strong tendency to have a well arched back which is undesirable because this animal do not say long in the breeding herd. • Unsound front and hind legs that may lead to stiff gilt or lameness are also encountered in some animals. MLBibat2020 15
- 17. 4. Pietrain Origin Characteristics Disadvantage • Pietrain, Belgium, the village from which the breed takes its name, was the birthplace of the breed. • This breed may be appropriately called the “muscle” pigs because it is well-known for its outstanding muscle development in the ham, loin and shoulder. • The backfat is very thin. The motherly ability is well within acceptable level. • Because of the relatively well-muscled ham, the number one problem of this breed is usually weakness of the hind legs which do not develop as fast as the ham muscle. • This breed is also known for being a slow grower and being highly susceptible to stress. MLBibat2020 17
- 19. 5. Hampshire Origin Characteristics Performance Disadvantage • Hampshire breed traces its origin to Southern England • But the first Hampshire Swine Record was organized in Boone country Kentucky, just across the Ohio River from Cincinnati. • The most striking characteristic of the Hampshire is the white blet around the shoulder and body including the foreleg. • Feed efficiency, length and ham- loin percent of this breed is excellent. • Low liter size at birth and at weaning, poor mothering ability and latte maturing. Being black is also an objection because it is associated with thick backfat and with difficulty in dressing/cleaning during slaughtering. MLBibat2020 19
- 21. 6. Berkshire Origin Characteristics Disadvantage • South Central England, principally in the countries of Berkshire and Wiltshire. • The distinct peculiarity of the Berkshire breed is the short and sometimes upturned nose. • The color is black with six white points, four white feet, one point on the forehead; and another on the switch of the tail. • This breed has a small litter size at birth and at weaning, late maturing, thick backfat and the black skin. MLBibat2020 21
- 23. 7. Poland of China Origin Characteristics • South western Ohio in the fertile area known as the Miami Valley. It is also known as the “Hot Type” of “big type Poland China.” • Modem Poland China is black in color with six distinct white points, the four feet, poll of the head and switch of the tail. MLBibat2020 23
- 24. 7. Poland of China FEMALE MALE MLBibat2020 24
- 25. 8. List of other Purebreds a. Spotted b. Limousine c. Chester white d. Hereford e. Taniworth f. Large black g. Chinese Taihu pigs Funjiang Meishan Janxiang black Erhualan MLBibat2020 25
- 27. • Black with white spots • White with black spots • Small drooping ears • Outdoor production (rugged) • “Spot” boars are aggressive breeders • Considered too fat for commercial production Spotted MLBibat2020 27
- 29. • very lively and alert Iberian breed of pig is accustomed to foraging for its food in the wild. • white with black marks of varying sizes. • two black patches, one on the head and the other on the rump. • body is stout, broad and supported by long and strong limbs. Limousine MLBibat2020 29
- 31. Chester white • “Chesters” • White breed with small drooping ears • named for chester country, PA • Combination of Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and Cumberland genetics. MLBibat2020 31
- 33. • usually have a docile temperament. • Their quiet nature, friendly behavior and docile temperament are good for the young people and for the new pig farmers. • They grow relatively faster and reach maturity earlier. • They usually reach about 90-110 kg within their five or six months of age. Hereford MLBibat2020 33
- 35. Tamworth • very hardy animal and is suited to an outdoor system. • The ginger coat protects the breed from sunburn. • Average Litter Size in 2009 was around 7.80 piglets and in common with all rare breed pigs the Tamworth sow is known to be a good mother. • docile pig but it is more active than many rare breed pigs and requires strong fencing. • good breed for rooting and does well in a woodland based system. • A long legged, lean pig. • Sows weigh around 260kg and boars, 320kg. • Their coat is a distinctive ginger coat. • They have prick ears a long snout and alert expression. MLBibat2020 35
- 37. • With its lop ears and long, deep body, the Large Black is Britain's only all-black pig. • Extremely docile, and very hardy, it is ideally suited to simple outdoor systems. • These characteristics, coupled with its black skin, make the Large Black ideal for a wide range of climatic conditions. Large black MLBibat2020 37
- 38. Chinese Taihu pigs • Funjiang • Meishan • Janxiang black • Erhualan MLBibat2020 38
- 40. Meishan • From China, considered Taihu pigs, deriving their name from the Taihu Lake. • Slow growing and fat, but have a very good taste, resistant to some diseases • The Meishan breed is known for its wrinkled face and skin. • Meishan pigs are perhaps one of the most prolific breeds of pig in the world. Large litter size of 15-16 pigs MLBibat2020 40
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- 44. Upgrades • Upgrading: native pigs bred with foreign breeds Diani – upgrade of native pigs (Batangas) with Berkshire Kaman – upgrade of native pig (Batangas) with Duroc Berkjala – 5/8 Berkshire and 3/8 Jalajala pig (Rizal) Miracle Pig – ½ Large white ¼ Landrace ¼ Native MLBibat2020 44
- 47. REFERENCES: • https://genolomu.wordpress.com/2019/09/16/5- advantages-of-pig-farming/ • https://alchetron.com/Philippine-warty-pig • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sus_Barbatus,_t he_Bornean_Bearded_Pig_(12616351323).jpg • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayan_warty_pig • https://www.apnikheti.com/en/pn/livestock/pig/landrace • https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/female-landrace- breeding-pigs-19178023488.html • http://afs.okstate.edu/breeds/swine/yorkshire/ MLBibat2020 47
- 48. REFERENCES: • https://petpigworld.com/duroc-pigs-the-essential-guide// • https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=1449018402 067977&story_fbid=2350584841911324 • https://geomedia.top/pietro-breed-pigs/ • http://www.pietrain-pigs.co.uk • https://www.brinkgenetics.com/swine/females.html • http://www.blackdiamondberkshires.com/selection.html • https://www.nepork.org/breeds-of-swine-berkshire/ • https://alchetron.com/Poland-China#poland-china- 26424861-ed15-4209-88f7-fd63fed4376-resize-750.jpeg 48 MLBibat2020
- 49. REFERENCES: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- CPXBQlyRwQ&app=desktop • https://cpsswine.com/spotted/spotted-breed-guidelines/ • https://sites.google.com/site/txshowswine/home/pig- breed-type-info • https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-limousin-pig-a- french-breed-adult-standing-on-flowers-111487175.html • https://zulinkxagrovet.blogspot.com/2020/03/exotic- breeds-of-pig-what-you-need-to.html?m=1 • https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/47780446027297936/ • http://knowledgebase.lookseek.com/Tamworth-Pig.html 49 MLBibat2020
- 50. REFERENCES: • https://www.tamworthswine.org/tamworth-history/ • https://www.britishpigs.org.uk/large-black • http://www.pocketfarm.co.uk/large-black-pigs-the-gentle- giants/ • https://www.thepigsite.com/focus/advertiser/3660/the- different-breeds-of-swine-large-black-large-black-pig-breed- large-black-gilts-sows-and-boars • https://corvabella.wordpress.com/2016/08/09/taihu-pigs/ • https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Erhualian-and- White-Duroc-phenotypes-Erhualian-pigs-right-panel-are- obese-and_fig1_51127623 50 MLBibat2020
- 51. • https://www.petmapz.com/breed/fengjing-pig/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meishan_pig • https://www.petmapz.com/breed/beijing-black-pig/ • http://lipa-city.philippineslisted.com/pets-animals/native- berkshire-pigs_725027.html • http://afs.okstate.edu/breeds/swine/philippinenative/index. html/ • http://levithinktion.blogspot.com/2016/06/philippine- native-pigs-profitable-and.html • https://www.rbst.org.uk/tamworth • https://slideplayer.com/slide/3858353/ REFERENCES: 51 MLBibat2020
- 52. • tiser/3660/the-different-breeds-of- swinewww.thepigsite.com/focus/adver-large-black-large- black-pig-breed-large-black-gilts-sows-and-boars • Green Empire Licensure Examination Reviewer for Agriculturist REFERENCES: 52 MLBibat2020
- 54. • Watch the video on slide 53 entitled “5 Reasons Why Pork Is Bad For Your Health | You won't Believe”. • After watching the video, make a reaction paper using the following instructions: Discussion includes an introduction, body, conclusion, and cite the reference. One page double spacing, Arial font Must consist of 100 words and three paragraph MLBibat2020 54 STUDENT LEARNING ACTIVITIES:
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