Breed development, production and commecial utilization of native pigs
- 1. Breed Development, Production and Profitable Utilization of Native Pigs September 12-13, 2019 Synan S. Baguio, Ph.D. Supervising Research Specialist & OIC, Livestock Research Division DOST-PCAARRD 1
- 2. Background of Philippine Native Pigs Development Traditionally… • In the Philippines, native pigs are important features of rural farm landscapes • They are the most popular domesticated food animal species in the country 1
- 3. Traditionally… • Ensure food security to rural farming communities • Provide petty cash to rural farming families • Serve as financial buffer during lean months or failures in crop production Background of Philippine Native Animals Breed Development 1
- 4. Traditionally… • Provide socio-cultural services to rural farming communities ‒ as specialty food during celebrations and cultural ceremonies ‒ as gifts to family and friends ‒ as offering during rituals Background of Philippine Native Animals Breed Development Etag 1
- 5. However… • Native pig production remains as a backyard activity that does not ensure stable income Background of Philippine Native Animals Breed Development 1
- 6. Industry trends and consumer preferences Current trends • Shifting consumer preferences toward meat with unique taste, flavor and texture • Increasing awareness on food quality and safety • Preference for and willingness to pay premium prices for organically and/or naturally produced food products • Increasing concern on environmental protection and animal welfare • National interest on native animal genetic resources conservation and utilization • Evolution of new markets for native animal products 1
- 7. Desired traits of native animals • Adapted to the natural climatic and physical environments • More resistant to diseases and resilient to extremes of weather • Able to survive and reproduce with minimal human intervention • Products are preferred and paid a premium price by consumers Industry trends and consumer preferences 1
- 8. • Producers’ preference: – Uniform physical characteristics – Predictable production performance – Low cost to produce • Consumers’ preference: – Consistent product quality – Stable supply of products – Easy access to products Desired traits of native animals Industry trends and consumer preferences 1
- 9. PNAD Goal & Objectives 2018 2019 2020 2021 Develop sustainable production & profitable utilization of improved Philippine native animal breeds Purify & improve native animals thru organized and sustained breeding programs Develop appropriate & efficient production management systems for native animals Sell and distribute native animal products thru various marketing platforms Establish nucleus breeder & multiplier farms of improved native animal breeds trainings 2016 2017 2022 1
- 10. • provide additional income and other socio-economic services • used in cultural and ethnic ritual activities • major inputs to ethnic delicacies • wide variability and unpredictable production performance • adaptability to local feed materials, climate and cultural management practices • unstable supply and inconsistent product quality due to lack of an organized breeding and production management system • several groups identified thru phenotypic and genetic characterization • unpredictable breeding outcome Technologies on Feeding & Other Management Systems Stable Supply of Products User’s Preferences Management Practices Conceptual Framework of Philippine Native Animals Dev’t. 1
- 11. Homogeneous populations Philippine Native Pigs Breed Development Strategy 1
- 12. Homogeneous but genetically diverse populations Philippine Native Pigs Breed Development Strategy 1
- 13. Black with small white patches in forehead and legs 20.5 kg at 6 mos. 60.3 cm body length 26.7 cm head length 9.2 cm snout length 15.0 cm tail length 11.8 cm ear length 63.0 cm chest girth 45.7 cm height at wither 6 pairs teat Black with white feet 16.9 kg at 6 mos. 59.8 cm body length 26.3 cm head length snout length 18.8 cm tail length 9.3 cm ear length 78.8 cm chest girth 46.0 cm height at wither 5 pairs teat Black 20.5 kg at 6 mos. 61.0 cm body length 22.0 cm head length snout length 19.0 cm tail length 10.0 cm ear length 63.0 cm chest girth 42.0 cm height at wither 6 pairs teat Black 20.0 kg at 6 mos. 46.0 cm body length 18.5 cm head length 10.0 cm snout length 14.5 cm tail length 9.0 cm ear length 49.5 cm chest girth 38.0 cm height at wither 6 pairs teat Philippine Native Pigs Breed Development 1
- 14. Black 15.0 kg at 6 mos. 58.0 cm body length 19.0 cm head length 9.1 cm snout length 16.0 cm tail length 11.0 cm ear length 56.0 cm chest girth 43.0 cm height at wither 6 pairs teat Black 31.7 kg at 6 mos. 58.4 cm body length 19.8 cm head length snout length 10.0 cm tail length 7.5 cm ear length 55.9 cm chest girth 37.8.0 cm height at wither 6 pairs teat Black 36.0 kg at 6 mos. 76.6.0 cm body length 29.5 cm head length snout length 24.2.0 cm tail length 11.7 cm ear length 70.9 cm chest girth 45.0 cm height at wither 6 pairs teat Q-PIG MARKADUKE PIG Philippine Native Pigs Breed Development 1
- 15. Commercial Utilization of native pigs Commercial production of breeder pigs and semen 1
- 16. Commercial Utilization of native pigs Commercial production of weanlings, slaughter pigs and lechon 1
- 17. Requisites of Free Range Native Pig Production Enterprise • Suitable production site or land area • Fencing and housing facilities • Stable feed supply (forage and concentrate) • Reliable water supply facilities • Reliable technical and breeding support services • Accessible technology and information support services • Reliable market for native pig products 1
- 18. Requisites of Free Range Native Pig Production Enterprise Suitable production site and/or land area • Must be in an agricultural zone • Wide enough that would allow planting of forages and free ranging of pigs • Well drained and not prone to flooding • Accessible to buyers and allow easy transport of inputs and products • At least 1 km away from potential sources of disease and toxins 1
- 19. Requisites of Free Range Native Pig Production Enterprise Fencing and housing facilities • Provide enclosure and protect the pigs from inclement weather and predators • Allow easy access and convenient movements of animals and farm workers • Effectively separate different classes of pigs in the farm • Easy to clean and maintain • Low cost 1
- 20. Requisites of Free Range Native Pig Production Enterprise Fencing and housing facilities • Feeding trough that minimize wastage and easy access of feeds • Water bowls and/or nipples that ensure continuous supply of clean drinking water • Weighing scale 1
- 21. Requisites of Free Range Native Pig Production Enterprise Stable feed supply (forage and concentrate) all year round • Must have access to sources of concentrate feeds (e.g. rice and/or corn bran, corn grains, copra meal and other crop by products) 1
- 22. Requisites of Free Range Native Pig Production Enterprise Stable feed supply (forage and concentrate) at all seasons • Sufficient source of farm produced forages (e.g. trichantera, azolla, duck weed, kangkong, gabi and other edible vegetations) • Access to food processing by-products * Swill or slop feeding is discouraged due to the risk of ASF infection 1
- 23. Requisites of Free Range Native Pig Production Enterprise Reliable water supply facilities • Ensure year round supply of water for drinking, bathing and cleaning • Water pumps for deep well • Service from water service providers • Rain water catching facility 1
- 24. Requisites of Free Range Native Pig Production Enterprise Reliable technical and breeding support services • Deworming and vaccination services • Breeding and/or AI services • Veterinary and health care services • Disease diagnostic services 1
- 25. Requisites of Free Range Native Pig Production Enterprise Accessible technology and information support services • Breeding and assisted reproduction technologies • Free range production management technologies • Feeding and forage production technologies 1
- 26. Requisites of Free Range Native Pig Production Enterprise Reliable market for products • Price information services • Marketing facilities 1
- 27. Selection, Breeding and Reproduction of Native Pigs 1
- 28. Selection, Breeding and Reproduction Producers’ and consumers’ preferences • Uniformity • Predictability • Cost of production • Consistent quality • Stable supply of products 1
- 29. Selection, Breeding and Reproduction To meet the producers’ and consumers’ preferences: • Uniformity, predictability and consistent product quality is attained by selecting and breeding pigs that belong to the same genetic group e.g. X = Markaduke Boar Markaduke Sow Markaduke Piglets 1
- 30. Selection, Breeding and Reproduction To meet the producers’ and consumers’ preferences: • Low cost of production is attained by selecting and breeding pigs that are adapted to the natural environment and to traditional management practices in the community. 1
- 31. Selection, Breeding and Reproduction To meet the producers’ and consumers’ preferences: • Stable supply of products is achieved by selecting and breeding prolific sows coupled with good feeding and management systems. 1
- 32. Selection, Breeding and Reproduction Useful tips in selection and breeding • Select breeders that: – come from litters of more than 8 piglets – have 12 or more viable teats – have body length that is longer than the average (measured from between the ears to the base of the tail) Photo courtesy of Dr. RC Santiago 1
- 33. Selection, Breeding and Reproduction Useful tips in selection and breeding • Select breeders that: – are produced from parents selected and raised under natural environments – are similar in physical characteristics (color and conformation) – are produced from parents that are docile 1
- 34. Selection, Breeding and Reproduction Useful tips in selection and breeding • Do final selection of potential breeders at slaughter age e.g. 4.5 to 5 months of age – free from physical defects and abnormality – free from disease – weigh between 25 to 35 kg at 5 months of age – docile 1
- 35. Selection, Breeding and Reproduction Useful tips in reproduction • Breed gilts and boars at 7-8 months of age − animals bred too early are likely to produce small litters, low reproduction efficiency and shorter productive period • Ensure that breeders are in good body condition at the time of breeding • Allow breedable females to run with boar (1:10 ratio) • Avoid breeding closely related individuals 1
- 36. Selection, Breeding and Reproduction Useful tips in reproduction • Breed thru AI (if available) • Separate sows that are due to farrow and those with newly born litter from the herd • Limit lactation period to a maximum of 45 days (target is farrowing index of 2) • Feed piglets early to allow early weaning • Cull sows and boars that cannibalize live piglets and those that are aggressive 1
- 37. Housing and Range Enhancement Practices for Native Pigs 1
- 38. Housing and Range Enhancement Practices for Native Pigs • Prepare the housing and enclosure facilities and forage production areas before bringing in the pigs – construction of housing or sheds and fences – establishment of forage areas Photos courtesy of Dr. RC Santiago 1
- 39. Housing and Range Enhancement Practices for Native Pigs • Housing for native pigs may either be: ‒ deep litter (sow and litter) ‒ concrete floor (nursery) ‒ Shed with dirt floor for free range (for 3 mos. or older) ‒ combination of the above 1
- 40. Housing and Range Enhancement Practices for Native Pigs • Native pigs are adapted to different types of housing 1
- 41. Free Range Management Practices for Native Pigs 1
- 42. Free Range Management Practices for Native Pigs • Feeding of breeder and grower pigs ‒ feed 2 times daily (ideally 50% of nutrient required is provided by forages produced in the farm) • Health care – practice regular vaccination (2 mos old weanlings and every 6 mos for breeders) – practice regular deworming (1 mo. old piglets and before mating or AI for breeders) – observe recommended biosecurity practices in the farm 1
- 43. Way Forward Plan for Native Pig Industry Development 1
- 44. Sustaining Commercial Production of Native Pigs Breed improvement • Continuous breeding and selection to improve specific traits i.e. - Reproduction efficiency, litter size, mothering ability and docility - Growth rate and body conformation - Carcass and meat quality • Deliberate effort to maintain or keep the native animal’s: - Adaptability to the natural environment (climate, feed, - Resilience to extremes of weather - Unique taste and texture of its meat - Functional nutrients in its meat 1
- 45. Innovations in free range management • Feeding • Housing • Health care • Forage production and range area enhancement • Selection of suitable production site Sustaining Commercial Production of Native Pigs 1
- 46. Organized production and marketing systems by private players • Organized market oriented production system • Adherence to product quality standards • Product diversification • Product development and value adding • Innovative (strategic) marketing and pricing systems • Efficient use of ICT platforms Sustaining Commercial Production of Native Pigs 1
- 47. Strategic information and technology generation and sharing • Innovative R&D programs and projects planning and implementation • Functional private-public partnership in industry development and promotion • Optimization of income thru product development, value- adding and market positioning Sustaining Commercial Production of Native Pigs 1
- 48. Areas where native pig R&D activities are implemented CAR BSU, KASC Region 4a and 4b UPLB, MSC, NSPRDC-BAI Region 2 ISU Region 8 ESSU 1
- 49. For more information pls. contact: Dr. Synan S. Baguio Officer-in-charge Email: synanb@yahoo.com Mobile No.: 09167780975 1