CS215 - Lec 2 file organization
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This document discusses file organization and processing. It introduces file structures, which organize data representation on secondary storage devices like disks. It also discusses file processing (streams operations), which involve transferring data between secondary storage and RAM. Finally, it provides examples of using stream classes like ofstream and ifstream to read from and write to files in C++.
CS215 - Lec 2 file organization
- 2. Introduction to file organization: ◦ What? Why? How? File organization challenge History of File organization Streams operations Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 2
- 3. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 3 File organization : is rearranging data structures and its operations in order to enhance performance of data reading and writing from and to secondary storage media (disks).
- 4. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 4 Data structures RAM/Main memory Operations for accessing data File structures File processing Secondary memory (Disks)
- 5. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 5 File structures: is organization of data representation on secondary devices such as disks. File processing (Streams Operations): The processing (treatment) of data on secondary devices such as disks. It involves transferring data between secondary devices and RAM. This will be built based on your knowledge of Data Structures.
- 6. The study of file organization and processing is needed in order to retrieve data from secondary storage into RAM so that programs can process them. The retrieval process must be as fast as possible. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 6
- 7. 1. Minimize number of trips to the disk in order to get desired information. 2. Grouping related information so that we are likely to get everything we need with only one trip to the disk (e.g. name, address, phone number, account balance). Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 7
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- 10. Reading/writing data is slow (since electronic and mechanical) Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 10
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- 13. ofstream: Stream class to write on files ifstream: Stream class to read from files fstream: Stream class to both read and write from/to files. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 13
- 14. ios::in Open for input operations. ios::out Open for output operations. ios::binary Open in binary mode. ios::ate Set the initial position at the end of the file. If this flag is not set to any value, the initial position is the beginning of the file. ios::app All output operations are performed at the end of the file, appending the content to the current content of the file. This flag can only be used in streams open for output-only operations. ios::trunc If the file opened for output operations already existed before, its previous content is deleted and replaced by the new one. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 14
- 15. ofstream myfile; myfile.open ("example.bin", ios::out | ios::app | ios::binary); Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 15 class default mode parameter ofstream ios::out ifstream ios::in fstream ios::in | ios::out ofstream myfile ("example.bin", ios::out | ios::app | ios::binary);
- 16. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 16 if (myfile.is_open()) myfile << "This is a line.n"; myfile.close(); Check that the stream is opened. Write data into stream. Close the stream and hence the modifications are saved into the file.
- 17. tellg() and tellp() These two member functions return an integer representing the current position of the get stream pointer (in the case of tellg) or the put stream pointer (in the case of tellp). seekg(count, offset) and seekp(offset, direction) These functions allow programmers to change the position of the get and put stream pointers. ios::beg offset counted from the beginning of the stream ios::cur offset counted from the current position of the stream pointer ios::end offset counted from the end of the stream
- 18. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 18 What does this program do? - Obtain the size of a file
- 19. Check Examples 2.1 and 2.2 Write a program that generates a random array of 12 integers and then write each element into a new line in a file “ArrayElem.txt”. Send the source code project (after zipping it) to my email: n.abdelhameed@fci-cu.edu.eg Follow instructions made in the last page. Make sure to send your ID. Students who don’t send their IDs clearly will loose marks. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 19
- 20. Check Examples 2.1 and 2.2 using VS2008 or VS2010 Write a program that reads a given number of lines from “ArrayElem.txt” and displays them into one line separated by comma “,”. Send the source code project (after zipping it) to my email: n.abdelhameed@fci-cu.edu.eg Follow instructions made in the last page. Make sure to send your ID. Students who don’t send their IDs clearly will loose marks. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 20
- 21. Next week is the deadline. No excuses. Don’t wait until last day. I can help you to the highest limit within the next 3 days. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 21
- 22. 1. Delete the “bin” and “obj” folders. 2. Compress the solution folder using winrar. 3. Rename the compressed file as follows: StudentName_ID_A1.rar StudentName_ID_A2.rar 4. Email to: n.abdelhameed@fci-cu.edu.eg with your ID in the subject. Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 22