Environmental Parameter Analysis and Control Using Multipoint Wireless Sensor Network

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 2, Issue 07, 2014 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 224
Environmental Parameter Analysis and Control Using Multi Point
Sensor Network
A. S. Gundale1
P. A. Kamble2
1,2
Department of Electronics Engineering
1,2
Walchand Institute of Technology, Sholapur, Maharashtra, India
Abstract— Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology is
becoming increasingly popular, particularly as applied to a
variety of monitoring and tracking applications. Recent
developments and advances in both information processing
and wireless sensor technologies have provided
environmental management systems with capabilities of
real-time remote location monitoring. WSN enables
monitoring and management of a large set of environmental
data including climatic, atmospheric, plant and soil
parameters that influence cropland growing environments.
Real-time sensor data collection is used for accurate
illustrations of current conditions while forecasting future
conditions and risks. The real time information from the
fields can provide a solid base for farmers to adjust
strategies at any time. Instead of making decisions based in
some hypothetical average condition, which may not exist
anywhere in the reality, a precision farming approach
recognizes differences and adjusts management actions
accordingly. The prototype sensor network was built on
Arduino open source hardware with a seamlessly integrated
ZigBee RF module and configured to operate within the
ZigBee mesh network standard. This paper provides the
implementation of monitoring and controlling of
temperature, humidity and flammable gas using ZigBee.
Keywords: ZigBee, Arduino, mesh network
I. INTRODUCTION
A “Wireless Sensor Network” is a wireless sensor
infrastructure for collecting, synthesizing, distributing,
viewing, and reacting to information. While a Wireless
Sensor Network is well suited to collecting data in
hazardous or inhospitable locations, the system has
considerable value when situational monitoring must be
accomplished over an extended area over a period of time.
The Sensor Network can provide situational awareness in
many types of applications including disaster preparedness
and recovery, emergency response, temperature recording
and monitoring etc. Uses of a Sensor Network are virtually
limitless since different types of sensors can be connected to
the system for different functionalities.
The primary aim of this paper is recording the
environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity
and flammable gas variations at multiple locations and
controlling it using control system according to user
application. A Wireless Sensor Network is an embedded,
intelligent infrastructure for sensors. This entire work is
about the development of a prototype of Microcontroller
based data logging system which can work on wired and
wireless network. The testing has been done on wireless
network using ZigBee technology. The data transmission
over the wireless network is established using mesh network
including four nodes.
The main objective of this work was to develop a
microcontroller based multipoint wireless sensor network.
ZigBee was used as the wireless technology.
II. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
This system mainly consists of the sensor unit, monitoring
and controlling unit. Sensor unit is the basic unit of wireless
sensor network. Sensor unit consists of sensors for sensing
the environmental parameters such as temperature and
humidity, flammable gas values, collecting information and
converting to digital signals. Arduino microcontroller is
used for computation and temporary storage data, while
ZigBee is used for transmitting the data to base station.
Monitoring unit is comprised of Arduino microcontroller
used for temporary storing data, ZigBee for receiving the
data from sensor unit and Graphical User Interface (GUI)
for monitoring data received by the sensor units. Visual
Basic 2008 is used to create the GUI for this project. Fig. 1.
Shows the general architecture of multipoint wireless sensor
network.
Fig. 1: Block diagram of the Multipoint Wireless Sensor
Network
Graphical user interface (GUI) is developed on
computer side for user-friendly environment using VB.net
i.e. Visual Basic Studio 2008 Standard Edition. This GUI is
having numerous functions, such as graphical representation
of all the parameters values at all sensor locations, according
to users application requirement you can set the threshold
limits to environmental parameters. As the values of
environmental parameters goes above and below the
threshold value set by the user the appropriate control
system is turned ON/OFF. This GUI also provide storing of
all the data received by it in database.
A. Design and implementation of Sensor Network
This system is nothing but a multiple Arduino boards,
sensors and ZigBee modules.
The DHT-11 is a low cost humidity and
temperature sensor with a single wire digital interface. The
sensor is calibrated and doesn't require extra components so
you can get right to measuring relative humidity and

Environmental Parameter Analysis and Control Using Multi Point Sensor Network
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 07/2014/052)
temperature. Interface circuit of sensor consists of resistor of
10KOhm as shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2: Sensor Network
MQ-2 is Semiconductor Sensor for Flammable
Gas. Sensitive material of MQ-2 gas sensor is SnO2, which
with lower conductivity in clean air. When the target
Flammable gas exist, the sensor’s conductivity is higher
along with the gas concentration rising. MQ-2 gas sensor
has high sensitivity to LPG, Propane and Hydrogen, also
could be used to Methane and other combustible steam, it is
with low cost and suitable for different application.
B. Design and implementation of Base Station
This is nothing but an Arduino board and ZigBee module.
The Arduino board used at Base Station is MEGA 2560.
Arduino connected to PC through USB port i.e. Serial 0.
ZigBee module is connected to Serial 1. Data received on
Serial port is stored and displayed on screen by use of
Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed by VB.net. The
interface circuit of Base Station is as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3: Base Station GATEWAY
III. ZIGBEE MESH NETWORK
ZigBee technology employs mesh routing to setup a route
between the sensor node and the base station. Mesh routing
allows data packets to traverse multiple nodes in a network
to route data from a source node to a destination base
station. Routers and coordinators can participate in
establishing routes between source and destination devices
using a process called route discovery. The Route discovery
process is based on the AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand
Distance Vector) routing protocol.
Fig. 4: ZigBee Mesh Network
A. AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) routing
protocol
AODV generally used for ad-hoc networks, is widely used
in Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) is an improvement on
Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) algorithm.
It is reactive routing protocol that creates routing paths
between the nodes only if demanded by the source node.
Routing under the AODV protocol is accomplished
using tables in each node that store the next hop for a
destination node. If next hop is not known, route discovery
must take place in order to find path. Since only a limited
number of routes can be stored on a router, route discovery
will take place more often on a large network with
communication between many different nodes.
IV. EVALUATION OF THE MONITORING SYSTEM
A. Temperature
Fig. 5. Shows the four Real-time line graph of temperature
at four sensing locations by reading the last ten values from
the database. As observed from the graph the maximum and
minimum values of temperature can be easily identified. The
graph showed a steady state of temperature during the
experiment with a current reading of 32 to 33 degree
Celsius.
Fig. 6. shows two line graphs of temperature, blue
colored line graph is the Average Temperature graph which
is average of all temperature line graph in Fig. 5. The line
graph of average temperature is at 31 degree Celsius.
Yellow colored line graph is Threshold line which set by
user according to user’s application. Here threshold line is
set to 29 degree Celsius.
Fig. 5: RealTime Graph of Temperature at Four Nodes

Fig. 6: Average and Threshold Graph of Temperature
B. Humidity
Fig. 7. shows the RealTime line graph of humidity at four
sensing locations by reading the last ten values from the
database. As observed from the graph the percentage
humidity in the air present can be easily identified. The
graph shows a current reading of 53% to 60% of humidity in
the air during the experiment and which is normal during
this seasons.
Fig. 7: RealTime Graph of Humidity at Four Nodes
Fig. 8. shows two line graphs of Humidity, blue
colored line graph is the Average Humidity graph which is
average of all humidity line graph in Fig. 7. The line graph
of average humidity is at 56%. Yellow colored line graph is
Threshold line which set by user according to user’s
application. Here threshold line is set to 59%.
Fig. 8: Average and Threshold Graph of Humidity
C. Flammable Gas
Fig. 9. shows the RealTime line graph of Flammable Gas at
four sensing locations by reading the last ten values from the
database. As observed from the graph the maximum and
minimum contents of the flammable gas being measured in
air can be easily identified. The experiment showed a
current reading of 960 ppm to 980 ppm for flammable gas.
Fig. 9: RealTime Graph of Flammable Gas at Four Nodes
Fig. 10. shows two line graphs of flammable gas,
blue colored line graph is the Average Flammable Gas graph
which is average of all flammable gas line graph in Fig. 9.
The line graph of average flammable gas is at 754 ppm.
Yellow colored line graph is Threshold line which set by
user according to user’s application. Here threshold line is
set to 880 ppm.
Fig. 10: Average and Threshold Graph of Flammable Gas
D. Analysis and Control
Regularly gathered data can be used to improve indoor
environmental conditions for various indoor premises and
storage units. The user of the monitoring program can use
the accumulated data to determine the actual conditions in
monitored areas, assess the effect of those conditions in
monitoring areas, and evaluate the capabilities of the current
Environmental parameters control system.
If the gathered data goes above or below threshold
points set by the user for particular application, then
corresponding control mechanism is used to control the
environmental condition. For assessing the robustness of our

system we controlled Temperature and Humidity by the use
of portable air conditioners, humidifiers and dehumidifiers
and found that the indoor environmental conditions changed
according to the set values.
V. CONCLUSION
The Environmental Parameter Analysis and Control Using
Multipoint Wireless Sensor Network proves to be an
efficient and easy way for controlling the indoor
environmental parameters with Real time monitoring facility
which is capable of storing a database of a month of past
data. This software designed with VB is optimized to store
data that is well processed for avoiding redundant data
storage.
REFERENCES
[1] http://www.arduino.cc/
[2] http://www.pololu.com/file/0J309/MQ2.pdf
[3] http://www.micro4you.com/files/sensor/DHT11.pdf
[4] https://www.sparkfun.com/
[5] Digi International Inc, XBee ZNet2.5/XBee-PRO
ZNet2.5 OEMRF Modules, Product Manual v1.x.4x -
ZigBee Protocol For OEM RF Module Part Numbers:
XB24-BxIT-00x,Digi InternationalInc.11001 Bren
Road East Minnetonka, MN 55343877912-3444 or
952 912 3444http://www.digi.com
[6] C. Brasek, “Urban utilities warm up to the idea of
wireless meter reading,” The IEE Computing and
Control Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 6,
December/January 2004/05, pp. 10-14.
[7] Benkic, K., P. Planinsic, et al. (2007)." Custom
wireless sensor network based on ZigBee". ELMAR,
2007: 259-262.
[8] ZigBee datasheet documentation. Available at
ftp://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/90000866_
A.pdf
[9] ZigBee, a technical overview of wireless technology.
Available at http://ZigBee.hasse.nl/
[10]Arduino Mega Board information. Referred at:
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega

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Environmental Parameter Analysis and Control Using Multipoint Wireless Sensor Network