DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ATTACHABLE WHEELCHAIR AUTOMATOR

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | April 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ATTACHABLE WHEELCHAIR
AUTOMATOR
Vikas Singh1, Viraj Chaudhary2, Ravin Kanojiya3, Deepak Yadav4 , Jayant Patil5
1,2,3,4 Student of Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Thakur College of Engineering & Technology, Maharashtra, India.
5Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Thakur College of Engineering & Technology, Maharashtra,
India.
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Abstract - Today,in the twenty-first century,
technological advancements have proven to be a boon for
all civilian populations and have assisted the globe in
becoming independent, but, as with any coin, there are two
sides to every coin; similarly, these advancements and
progress have left the disabled dependent on others for their
mobility, and the same is true for paraplegia patients.
According to 2011 surveys, 2.21 percent (2.76 million) of
India's population is disabled. The number of people living
with paraplegia has surpassed 20,000, and it is growing at a
rate of about 10,000 each year. Our initiative intends to
provide disabled (paraplegia patients) with an autonomous
lifestyle, a clean environment, and an easy form of
transportation in order to make their lives easier. Patients
with paraplegia have difficulties pushing wheelchairs on
uneven surfaces; also, pushing the wheelchair puts effort on
their upper body, which can lead to tiredness over time. The
typical wheelchair on the market does not make the patient
independent, and the electrical version is prohibitively
expensive. However, the issue is that it gets caught in minor
potholes and does not satisfy the requirements when used
on uneven terrain since the front wheel is smaller.
Attachments manufactured from a cycle electric conversion
kit are used in this project to bring electronics to a
wheelchair. Because the trike is three-wheeled, the difficulty
of balancing is eliminated because it is a self-balanced
vehicle, and the crippled can ride electrically. The addition
will lift the smaller front wheels, and the front wheel will be
significantly larger in diameter than the front wheel,
making it easier to ride on uneven terrain. We have also
attached a disc brake and a 4-point safety harness for added
safety.The concepts of the wheelchair and the electric
conversion kit were thoroughly researched, and the many
components that would be employed were created
accordingly. The vehicle would next be evaluated and
modifications made based on the results in order to optimise
it for everyday usage and meet all of the parameters that
allow us to have a comfortable and safe ride. We can
automate the vehicle and provide the rider with the best
comfort by using a hub motor.
KeyWords: Wheelchair, Battery, Motor Hub, 4- Point
Safety, paraplegia patients.
1. INTRODUCTION
It is well known that, in the twenty-first century, all of the
inventions, discoveries, and advances accomplished
throughout the centuries have made civilian life nothing
short of a paradise. Transportation vehicles have
progressed from a single wheel to bicycles to cars to steam
engines to ships to aeroplanes, making human travel from
one location to another far more convenient than before.
These transportation vehicles have made human existence
considerably easier and have aided in accelerating
progress in order to provide a brighter future for future
generations. But, as with every coin, there are two sides to
every story, and this road of progress for a brighter future
for the majority has left disabled people as a burden on
their families. People with lower body disabilities, often
known as paraplegia patients, have trouble pushing
wheelchairs on uneven and rugged terrain by themselves.
Additionally, pushing wheelchairs puts stress on their
upper body and can lead to weariness over time. The
usage of an electrical wheelchair is the most practicable
choice to meet the above-mentioned requirements, but
given the economic situation of the majority of the
country's civilian population, the electrical wheelchair is
too expensive, and the cost increases exponentially with
the big brands. The electronic wheelchair is simple to
operate and does not place undue strain on the patient's
body.
1.1. Background
There has already been far too much research into
the electrical wheelchair. Although the traditional
electrical wheelchair may be a potential substitute for
non-electrical wheelchairs, the high cost and rider comfort
make it difficult for the rider to go long distances since the
rider's posture places too much stress on the back,
shoulder, and neck. This causes the rider to take pauses
while riding and makes them reliant on others, which is
undesirable because city life is too fast-paced. After doing
some study on electrical cycle conversion kits, we
discovered that we can turn a regular trike into an electric
trike without the requirement for the rider to balance it.
Now, in order to provide the highest comfort to the rider,
and to ensure that the rider's posture does not cause any
stress to the human body when riding the vehicle.

1.2. HISTORY OF WHEELCHAIRS:
In the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, an engraving
unearthed on a stone tablet in China and a child's bed
depicted in an ornament on a Greek decorative handleless
container are the first documented examples of wheeled
furniture chairs. (Ability Tools, 2013; Koerth-Baker et al.,
2017; Joseph Flaherty, 2012; Maggie et al., 2012; Joseph
Flaherty, 2012; Maggie et al., 2012). The earliest evidence
of wheelchairs being used to transport crippled people can
be found in China three centuries later. As depicted in
Figure 1, the Chinese used wheelbarrows to transport
people and large things. A distinction between the two
purposes was not made for another many years, until
around 525 CE, when Chinese art began to depict wheeled
chairs constructed explicitly and categorically to carry
people. For a long time, wheelchairs have been used to
carry physically weak patients in hospitals, as well as the
elderly, crippled, and physically challenged. Wheelchairs
are driven by manual efforts, and the crippled operate and
control them with their hands while someone else pushes
the patient's wheelchair. This study offers a simple
automaton that may be attached to or connected to a
traditional hand-operated wheelchair to convert it into an
E-wheelchair. This does not necessitate any human effort
on the part of the user (self-propelled) or an attendant
pushing from behind (attendant propelled).
According to 2011 polls, 2.21 percent (2.76 million) of
India's population has a disability, and the number of
paraplegia (those with a lower body handicap) is over
20,00,000, with an annual increase of about
10,000.Patients with paraplegia have difficulties pushing
wheelchairs on uneven surfaces; also, pushing the
wheelchair puts effort on their upper body, which can lead
to tiredness over time. The standard wheelchair on the
market does not make the patient independent, and the
electrical version is prohibitively expensive. However, the
issue is that it gets caught in minor potholes and does not
satisfy the requirements when used on uneven terrain
because the front wheel is too narrow. The majority of
electric wheelchairs on the market today use Lithium-ion
rechargeable batteries, which are both damaging to the
environment and expensive. To address the
aforementioned issues, we reasoned that why not create
an alternative that best matches the basic parameters of
an electrical wheelchair while also being cost-effective,
non-hazardous to the environment (specifically in terms of
batteries, as lithium ion batteries have disposal issues)
and keeping the factor of ergonomics as a primary
consideration. In addition, we kept people who already
have wheel chairs and hoists in mind.
2.1.Objective
2.1.1. Design Objective
Disabled individuals should have access to a
sustainable mode of transportation that does not
jeopardize their safety, allowing them to travel
independently, in an environmentally responsible, socially
acceptable, and economically viable manner. The
transportation system should be built and operated in
such a way that it protects people's health, ensures
everyone's safety, and improves community quality of life.
The rich and the poor have different interpretations of the
term "sustainability." For the wealthy, sustainability can
be achieved by technological fixes such as cleaner engines
and fuels, but for the poor, it is a way of life and they are
limited to using public transportation. The goal should be
to provide accessible, cost-effective, and environmentally
responsible transportation for disabled individuals. The
electrical tricycle attachment is the ideal answer for this.
The objectives due to which electrical tricycle attachment
are preferred over traditional wheelchair are as follows:
1. To virtually design a wheelchair according to the
anthropometric data, ensuring maximum comfort,
safety and efficiency keeping Design for
Manufacturing and Assembly [DFMA] guidelines
in consideration and making it a success model
when it comes to actual implementation of
concept on the shop floor.
2. The clamps would be in such a way that it can be
fitted in any of the traditional pre- existing
wheelchairs.
3. Develop an aesthetically appealing wheel chair
which is economically affordable at the same time
to render it marketable.
4. It can also manage on rough terrain as it has the
larger front wheel which won't get stuck in rough
and uneven terrain.
5. As the rider (patient) do not have to push it
manually so there is no stress generation in the
body.
6. The disc brakes and 3-point safety harness with a
proper head support add on features which make
it more safe and Ergonomic.
2. Problem Definition

7. To create a revolutionary and sustainable model
to pilot a change in the wheelchair industry.
8. To adhere to COVID - 19 precautions and
guidelines issued by Governments for the safety of
every Team member in every phase.
2.1.2. Design Specification
TEAMS DESIGN
CONSTRAINT
TEAMS PERSPECTIVE
Factor of safety
(Minimum 1.5 )
Greater the factor of safety lesser
would be the chances of failure of
the wheelchair ensuring
the safety.
Weight Lesser the weight less would be
the effort taken by the patient.
Braking Safety
Requirement
Disc brakes have been used to
ensure greater efficiency and low
maintenance.
Safety Harness
(Seat belt)
Use of 4- or 5-point safety harness
to ensure the safety.
Material (M.S. Pipe,
GRADE:-ANSI
1020)
M.S. has high machinability, high
strength,high ductility and good
weldability.
Braking distance
(Less than 6m at
the speed of
25km/h )
The braking distance is laid down
by theASME and we decided to
stick with it.
Battery
(Lithium sulphur
battery)
We decided to opt for the battery
which is
cheap and eco friendly
Minimum product
Weight
Maintaining minimum weight of
the entire assembly in order to
achieve maximum speed and
proper vehicle stability.
Manufacture the
attachment within
a budget of
₹20,000
To make the vehicle an affordable
alternative for the consumer
Type of handlebar This type of handlebar possesses
greater
3. Methodology
3.1. Planning & Flow of Working
The production of these vehicles is divided into following
phases:
1. Phase of design: - The attachment was designed by
amassing anthropometric data and using that data to
compute measurements for the attachment, which were
then calculated and designed in Solidworks software,
where all of the pieces were created and assembled. It is a
chassis with a single frame. We iterated our car frame
after collecting all of the data.
2. Market research phase: - All of the parts and tools
needed to make the attachment were researched in order
to get the greatest quality products at the best pricing.
During the procedure, the optimal materials, pipe shape,
pipe size, and parts for the job were discovered. More
attention was placed on the usage of more conventional
products, ensuring that the product's availability and
maintainability are optimal for the general public. Despite
the fact that production is not viable owing to the COVID-
19 pandemic.
3.Testing and modification phase: - We will test all of the
components on the software during the testing phase
because actual fabrication of the prototype is not possible
due to the lockdown, so we will only do analysis on ANSYS
Software. Based on the results of the analysis, we will
surely modify our design and make it more competitive
when it enters the world market.
4. Literature Survey
1. Design and Fabrication of Drivable Wheelchair
Attachment International Journal of Innovative
We all know that wheelchairs are used to transport
patients or persons who are disabled. Handicapped people
can maneuver their wheelchairs using their upper limbs or
with the assistance of others. So, here we are building a
detachable handle that is connected to the wheelchair so
that a person may simply operate their wheelchair
without the assistance of others and without experiencing
any stress while doing so. So we're employing a battery in
that handle, which can be simply recharged or removed.
We intend to use a 300W, 12V brushless motor and 48V,
24Ah batteries in our project, which can be charged in 4-5
hours and have a range of 30km at a speed of 25 km/hr.
2. Prototype of Wheel chair attachable E hand bike
International Journal of Advance In Science And
Engineering (IJITEE) .
In this work, the focus is on building a wheelchair-
attached hand bike that may be operated manually for

improved road mobility. To control it, a hand bike has a
battery as well as mechanical brakes. They are made in
such a way that they are inexpensive to those in the
middle class. Hand bikes are designed to be safe, light, and
attractive. Recycled aluminium and steel bicycle parts are
used to make hand bikes. The initial intention was to build
a composite wheelchair that could be converted into an
electric wheelchair attachment. Ability to adapt a high-
performance tricycle for disabled people without having to
leave the chair. It's simple to convert to a tricycle. It's
simple to engage and withdraw. We chose the subject of
wheel chair attachment E hand bike because it is
necessary for disabled persons who are unable to go long
distances and require an additional person to push the
wheel chair.
3. Design and Implementation of electric wheelchair
A smart wheelchair is made up of a regular power
wheelchair with a computer and a collection of sensors
attached, or a mobile robot base with a seat attached.
Geared hub motors make up the majority of 250 watt
motors. Planetary gears are used to boost efficiency and
speed.This allows us to lower both the weight of the
engine and the overall weight of the wheelchair.
4. Study on smart wheelchair systems 2016
Accidents lead people to suffer from lower
impairments. They benefit from the use of an electrical
wheelchair because it allows them to meet their needs for
independence and mobility. Air pressure is employed
when sipping (inhaling) and puffing (exhaling) on a straw
tube that delivers a signal to a wheelchair. Another
strategy is to use the direction in which the impaired
person is gazing or turning his or her head. In such
technology, a camera is employed, and the user must stare
in the direction in which he wishes to move.
5. Solar Powered Wheelchair Mobility for Physically
Challenged'
People who are physically challenged have limited
mobility. The project intends to improve the mobility of
physically challenged people. With the help of a mobile
application, power is provided by rechargeable lead
batteries, which are combined with a GPS and GMS system
for position. For indirect drive transfer, the motor is
attached to the drive wheel shaft. When the drive wheels
are struck or under a severe load, this reduces torque and
also acts as a shock absorber.
6. Electrical Attachment of Wheelchair for Handicapped
Person National Conference on Information,
Communication and Energy Systems and Technologies.
In this project, we are using a pre-made wheelchair
and converting it into a tricycle with an electric bike hand
using an electric conversion cycle kit. We're putting the
battery in the hand so that it can charge quickly and be
used for a long time. This hand bike is simple to
disassemble. It is simple to use for patients with mobility
issues.
7. Lithium-Sulfur Battery Technology Readiness and
Applications.
We are using LiS battery instead of Li-ion because all
we know is that it is better as compared to it. Although LiS
batteries have tremendous advantages over Li-ion
batteries, Performance and capacity of the batteries are
best. The major disadvantage of the Li-ion batteries is that
they are not as robust as other rechargeable technologies.
It requires protection to be overcharged and discharged
too. Also it suffers from aging which is not good for the
electronic consumers. For air travelers, lithium ion
batteries need to be carry in luggage so that we require
security position, this may change from time to time .We
have to take it with the cover and with protection. Li-S
batteries offer a number of advantages in comparison to
current battery technology including (1) an improved
gravimetric energy density, (2) a significantly reduced raw
materials cost, (3) improved safety characteristics and (4)
a reduced environmental burden associated with the cell
materials. Lithium-sulphur technology has the potential to
offer cheaper, lighter-weight batteries that also offer
safety advantages. After initially finding use in niche
markets such as satellites, drones and military vehicles,
the technology has the potential to transform aviation in
the long-term.
5. CAD Models
6. Results and Discussion
1. A wheelchair attachment is being developed to
address a dependability and safety issue for a
disabled person's movement (paraplegia patient).
2. The electric Tricycle attachment is designed to
eliminate the strains that the paraplegia patient's
upper body has been subjected to.

3. Furthermore, having a mode of transportation
provides individuals a sense of freedom.
4. The existing system is substantially more
expensive and has some shortcomings, which our
project has addressed.
5. The project's price, as well as its modular nature,
making it a viable option for disabled people who
cannot afford conventional alternatives.
6. Front wheel drive and a low centre of gravity
Driving and braking make it easier to navigate
uneven terrain while maintaining stability.
7. Conclusion
1. We leveraged current technologies to produce a
cost-effective and efficient solution to a problem
that has plagued disabled persons who cannot
afford pricey mobility solutions.
2. The expected mass manufacturing cost is roughly
$15,000/-, which is around a fourth of the least
expensive electric wheelchairs with good safety
and quality ratings.
3. This document details the whole design of an
electric trike attachment for wheelchairs. The
usage of solid modelling aided in the production
of high-quality designs. Finally, the trike's chassis
was examined to determine its capabilities and
endurance, with the results being tracked for
future improvement. To make driving an electric
trike as safe as possible, extraordinary procedures
were taken.
4. A near-perfect safety record and driver trust have
resulted from experience and smart engineering.
This electric trike concept can be considered for
mass manufacturing by industries in order to
replace conventional electric wheelchairs and
contribute to environmental sustainability.
8. Reference
[1] S.D. Kumar, Avinash Jangir, Nishant Saraswat, Anadi
Nema, Bhargav Patel “Design and Fabrication of Drivable
Wheelchair Attachment” International Journal of
Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering(IJITEE)ISSN:2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-8,
June, 2019.
[2]Anupam S. Bhojkar, Hrishikes D.Gaikwad, Shubham A.
Jankar, Akash P. Salokhe, Vishwajeet R. Salokhe “Prototype
of Wheel chair attachable E hand bike” International
Journal of Advance In Science And Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2319-8354, , Volume-7 Issue-1, March, 2018.
[3] Prof. S. S. Kumbar, , Mr Sandeep Mudakannavar, Mr
Vinayak patil, “Design and Implementation of electric
wheelchair with Controlling the speed & movement of
wheelchair”.
[4] Electrical Departmant, SGI-Antigre, Shivaji University
“Study on smart wheelchair systems 2016”.
[5] P. Swapna , Dr. B. Sharmila, Y. Dharshan Arun
Manohar Gurram, P.S,V Ramana Rao , Raghuveer
Dontikurti “Solar Powered Wheelchair Mobility for
Physically Challenged” International Journal of Current
Volume - 3, Issue – 5 May – 2016.
[6] Robotics and Autonomous Systems. Volume 58, pp.
1148-1158 Lockton D., (2004) Wheelchair, Drive 241 (1)
5-68 Lucas, H.V., Woude V., DeGroot, S. and Janssen, T.W.J.,
(2005). Manual wheelchairs: Research and innovation in
rehabilitation, sports, daily life with health, Medical
Engineering & Physics, volume 28, pp. 905–915.
[7] Murray, John Lawn (2003) “Study of Stair Climbing
Assistive Mechanisms for the Disabled”, IEEE Transactions
on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering,
Volume 11, No.3, pp. 323-332.

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ATTACHABLE WHEELCHAIR AUTOMATOR

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