Optical Gray to Binary Code Converter with and without Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2057
Optical Gray to Binary Code Converter with and Without Mach-Zehnder
Interferometer
Anugya Gupta1, Deepak Bansal2
1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Global Institute of Technology,
Jaipur-302022, Rajasthan, India,
2Assistant professor in Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Global Institute of Technology,
Jaipur- 302022, Rajasthan, India,
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Abstract: This paper is all about the techniqueswhichwecan
use to reduce attenuation, improve power and to increase
speed in optical communication. Here we are going to design
optical gray to binary code converter by two techniques, first
by using travelling wave SOA and second by using MZI (Mach-
Zehnder Interferometer). Comparison of these two techniques
is also done in terms of extinction ratio and outputs. All
circuits are implemented successfully at 10 GB/s with thehelp
of OptiSystem software.
Keywords — Optical communication, Semiconductor
Optical Amplifier (SOA), Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
(MZI), Gray Code, Binary Code.
I. INTRODUCTION
In digital communication most important is to minimize the
complexity and this can be achievedbytakingall devices and
networks in optical form. All-optical logic gates become key
elements in optical communication. By using cross-gain
modulation and cross-phase modulation in semiconductor
optical amplifier, many logic functionsoflogic AND,OR,XOR,
NOR and XNOR were demonstrated [1-2]. And there is one
more technique to design all optical logic gates which have
ultra-fast speed and less attenuation, using semiconductor
optical amplifier based mach-zehnder interferometer [3-5].
With the help of all-optical gates optical amplifiers it
becomes easy to design different kind of optical networks
without conversion of optical signals to electrical signals or
vice-versa. For the designing of optical gray to binary code
converter there is need to design all-optical XOR gate first.
Gray code is a unit distance code. It is a non-weighted code
because position of code is not assigned a fixed value. There
are many applications in which there is need of gray to
binary code converters and in optical communication it is
more significant to use it.
II. SOA BASED
A. Basics
The XOR gate has a special interest since it is the main
building block for a wide range of functions. Theprincipal on
which gray to binary code converter work is given by-
The most significant bit of the binary code is same as the
most significant bit of the gray code.
Nth bit of binary = Nth bit of gray XOR (N - 1)th bit of binary.
For 4-bit gray to binary code converter which consist of G0,
G1, G2, G3 gray bits and B0, B1, B2, B3 binary bits as shown in
Fig. 1, we are going to use the SOAbasedsimulateddesigning
of optical XOR gate as shown in Fig. 2. Here we are using
software named as OptiSystem for the designing of various
optical networks.
Fig. 1 4-Bit Gray to Binary Code Converter
Fig. 2 Simulation setup of SOA based XOR gate

III. SOA-MZI BASED
SOA-MZI based XOR gate seems an easy solution to achieve
the integration level required for complex logic circuits due
to its compactness and stable structure. It provides less
attenuation, high accuracy and high excitation ratio as
compare to SOA based XOR gate. Simulation setup of SOA-
MZI based optical XOR gate is shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 Simulation setup of SOA-MZI based XOR gate
IV. COMPARISION
A. Simulation
Circuit of optical gray to binary code converter designed
on Optisystem software is shown in Fig. 4. For 4-bit gray to
binary code converter three Ex-OR gate subsystems are
used. Power meters are connected for getting output in
terms of power.
Fig.4 Simulation setup of gray to binary code converter
B. Simulated results
For gray code 0010 (G0=0, G1=0, G2=1, G3=0) as input we are
getting binary code 0011 (B0=0, B1=0, B2=1, B3=1) as output.
With the help of optical power meters it is easy to obtain the
results for all other combinations of gray codes. SOA based
gray to binary code results are shown in Table 1 and SOA-
MZI based gray to binary code results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1: TRUTH TABLE OF SOA BASED
OPTICAL GRAY TO BINARY CODE CONVERTER
Gray code
(input)
Output power in dB Binary code
(output)
G0 G1 G2 G3 B0 B1 B2 B3 B0 B1 B2 B3
0 0 0 0 -
10
0
-
77.
1
-
76.2
-
65.4
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 -
10
0
-
77.
1
-
76.2
31.4
0
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 -
10
0
-
77.
1
31.4
0
25.9
7
0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 -
10
0
-
77.
1
31.4
0
-
65.4
0 0 1 0
0 1` 0 0 -
10
0
31.
4
25.9
7
21.7
9
0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 -
10
0
31.
4
25.9
7
-
65.4
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 -
10
0
31.
4
-
76.2
-
65.4
0 1 0 0

0 1 1 1 -
10
0
31.
4
-
76.2
21.7
2
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 37.
4
31.
4
25.9
7
32.2
0
1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 37.
4
31.
4
25.9
7
-
65.4
1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 37.
4
31.
4
-
76.2
-
65.4
1 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 37.
4
31.
4
-
76.2
29.2
4
1 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 37.
4
-
77.
1
-
76.2
-
65.4
1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 37.
4
-
77.
1
-
76.2
21.7
2
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 37.
4
-
77.
1
31.4
0
25.9
7
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 37.
4
-
77.
1
31.4
0
-
65.4
1 0 1 0
TABLE 2: TRUTH TABLE OF SOA-MZI BASED
OPTICAL GRAY TO BINARY CODE CONVERTER
Gray code
(input)
Output power in dB Binary code
(output)
G0 G1 G2 G3 B0 B1 B2 B3 B0 B1 B2 B3
0 0 0 0 -
10
0
-
36.
7
-22 -
6.75
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 -
10
0
-
36.
7
-22 31.5
2
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 -
10
0
-
36.
7
31.4
2
15.5
3
0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 -
10
0
-
36.
7
31.4
2
-
6.75
0 0 1 0
0 1` 0 0 -
10
0
31.
4
15.5
3
13.5
3
0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 -
10
0
31.
4
30.0
1
15.3
9
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 -
10
0
11.
8
-22 -
6.75
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 -
10
0
31.
4
-22 15.3
9
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 37.
4
15.
9
13.5
1
13.0
9
1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 37.
4
15.
9
13.5
1
-
6.75
1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 37.
4
15.
9
-22 -
6.75
1 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 37.
4
15.
9
-22 -
6.75
1 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 37.
4
-
36.
7
-22 -
6.75
1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 37.
4
-
36.
7
-22 15.5
3
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 37.
4
-
36.
7
15.5
3
13.5
3
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 37.
4
-
36.
7
15.5
3
-
6.75
1 0 1 0
V. CONCLUSION
The results and analysis of this paper are useful for the
development of all-optical gray-to-binary code converter by
different techniques. Here we have simulated and
demonstrated gray-to-binarycodeconverter withthehelpof
SOA and SOA-MZI. Extinction ratio of 131.40 dB is obtained
by SOA technique and 131.52 dB by SOA-MZI. All designing
was performed at 10 GB/s. SoSOA-MZIconfigurationusedin
this paper is more desirable than any other designs. Outputs
are justified on the basis of 40 dBm power level of gray-to-
binary code converter without any additional pump signal.
Designs are analyzed in optisystem software in all-optical
domain.
REFERENCES
1. J. H. Kim, Y. M. Jhon, Y. T. Byun, S. Lee, D. H. Woo, and S.
H.Kim, “All-optical XORgate usingsemiconductoroptical
amplifiers without additional inputbeam,”IEEEPhoton.
Technol. Lett., vol.14, no. 10, pp. 1436–1438, Oct. 2002.
2. Jae Hun Kim, Young Il Kim, Young Tae Byun,_ Young
Min Jhon, Seok Lee, Sun Ho Kim and Deok Ha Woo, “All-
Optical Logic Gates Using Semiconductor Optical-
Ampli_er-BasedDevicesandTheirApplications,”Journal
of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 45, No. 5, November
2004, pp. 1158-1161.
3. Ajay Kumar, Santosh Kumar*, S. K. Raghuwanshi, “
Implementation of All-Optical LogicGateusingSOA-MZI
Structures,” , STM Journals Trends in Opto Electro &
Optical Communication, Volume 3, Issue 3, pp.no 13-21,
2013.
4. Bhagya Rekha Ravi, T.Theresal, Shanthi Prince,“All
Optical Basic Gates and XOR Gate Using SOA Based
Mach-zehnder Interferometer,” IEEE International
Conference on Communication and Signal Processing,
978-1-4799-3358-7114, April 3-5, 2014.
5. Ankur Saharia and Ritu Sharma, “An Approach for
Realisation NAND, NOR & AND Gate Using
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier & Band Pass Filter,”
IEEE Sixth International Conference on Computational
IntelligenceandCommunicationNetworks,978-1-4799-
6929-6/14, 2014.

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