5 - System Administration.ppt

Introduction
to
Computer Administration
System Administration

 System Administration
 Duties of System Administrator
 Types of Administrators/Users
 Operating Systems Supporting Administration
 Windows
 Unix

 What is System Administration
 Management of the System
 System Comprise of
 Computers
 Hardware (CPU , Printer , Scanner etc)
 Software
 Operating System
 Application Software (Business Software, Office Automation,
Peach Tree etc)
 Management Software (Database / Web / Email etc)
 Networks
 Users
 Any thing else?
 What do you understand by Management?

 The subject matter of systems
administration includes computer systems
and the ways people use them in an
organization. This entails a knowledge of
operating systems and applications,
as well as hardware and software
troubleshooting, but also knowledge of
the purposes for which people in the
organization use the computers.

Duties of a System Administrator
A system administrator's responsibilities might include:
 Applying operating system updates, patches,
and configuration changes.
 Installing and configuring new hardware and
software.
 Adding, removing, or updating user account
information, resetting passwords, etc.
 System performance tuning.

 Responsibility for documenting the configuration
of the system.
 Responsibility for security.
 Performing routine audits of systems and
software.
 Performing backups.
 Analyzing system logs and identifying potential
issues with computer systems.
 Troubleshooting any reported problems.

 Introducing and integrating new
technologies into existing data center
environments.
 Answering technical queries.
 Insuring that the network infrastructure is
up and running

Types of Administrators/Users
In a larger company, following may all be separate
positions within a computer support or Information
Services (IS) department. In a smaller group they may
be shared by a few sysadmins, or even a single person.
 Database Administrator
 Network Administrator
 Security Administrator
 Web Administrator
 Technical support
 computer operator

 A database administrator (DBA) maintains a
database system, and is responsible for the integrity of
the data and the efficiency and performance of the
system.
 A network administrator maintains network
infrastructure such as switches and routers, and
diagnoses problems with these or with the behavior of
network-attached computers.
 A security administrator is a specialist in computer
and network security, including the administration of
security devices such as firewalls, as well as consulting
on general security measures.

 A web administrator maintains web server services (such
as IIS or Apache) that allow for internal or external access to
web sites. Tasks include managing multiple sites,
administering security, and configuring necessary components
and software. Responsibilities may also include software
change management.
 Technical support staff respond to individual users'
difficulties with computer systems, provide instructions and
sometimes training, and diagnose and solve common
problems.
 A computer operator performs routine maintenance and
upkeep, such as changing backup tapes or replacing failed
drives in a RAID array. Such tasks usually require physical
presence in the room with the computer; and while less
skilled than sysadmin tasks require a similar level of trust,
since the operator has access to possibly sensitive data.

Operating Systems
Supporting Administration
 Microsoft Windows
 History:
http://www.worldowindows.com/wintime.html
 1975 - Microsoft Formed
 1980 - Xenix released by Microsoft
 1981 - MS-DOS 1.0 released with new IBM PC
 1985 - Windows 1.0 released
 1992 - Windows 3.1 released
 1993 - Windows NT 3.1 released (over 6 million lines of
code)

Operating Systems
 1995 - Windows NT 3.5.1 released
 Windows 95 released
 1996 - Windows NT 4.0 released
 1998 - Windows 98 released
 1998 - Microsoft announces Windows NT 5.0 will be
renamed Windows 2000
 2000 - release of windows 2000 (aka NT 5.0)
 2001 - release of windows XP (aka NT 5.1)
 2003 - release of windows 2003 server

Operating Systems
 UNIX
 Early 70s --> AT&T System V Unix (and C
developed)--> BSD Unix (U. Cal-Berkley)
 Today - many variants. Portable and Scalable.
HP - HP/UX
IBM - AIX
Silicon Graphics - Irix
Sun Microsystems - SunOS/Solaris
 For history see:
http://www.sun.com/aboutsun/coinfo/history.html

Operating Systems
 1982 - Sun Microsystems founded.
 PC Based Unix - solaris, SCO Unix, FreeBSD,
NetBSD
 Linux - Linus Torvalds (Finland) 1991.
Free/Open.
 (Red Hat Linux – Commercial Version)
 Debian, another popular version of Linux
(freeware)

5 - System Administration.ppt

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5 - System Administration.ppt