Chapter 1 Intro to the PCS (3) - edited.pptx
- 1. CHAPTER 1: COMPUTER HARDWARE 1.1 Classify basic cable & connector types 1.2 Classify power supply types and features
- 2. Computer Cable Types • VGA Cable • DVI Cable
- 3. Computer Cable Types • HDMI Cable • PS/2 Cable
- 4. Computer Cable Types • USB Cable • Power Cord
- 5. Computer Cable Types • USB Cable • Power Cord
- 6. Computer Cable Types • ThunderBolt/USB-C • Display Port
- 7. Data Cable • A data cable is a cable that provides communication between devices • Ex : VGA, DVI, HDMI - connects monitor to a computer and allow it to display a picture on the monitor • Ex : CAT5, SATA, USB, PS/2
- 8. Power Cable • A power cable is any cable that powers the device. • Ex : Power cord, Molex
- 11. POWER SUPPLIES • Computer power supply is the electric source of all components of a computer. • The function of power unit is to convert the electrical power (AC) comes from wall socket to a suitable type and voltage (DC) so that each component of a computer works properly. • The power supply receives 120V or 230V and converts into 3.3V, 5.5V and 12V. Why different converted power?
- 12. Choosing Computer Power Supply • Usually, power units comes with a case. • Power supplies available on the market have different size and shape that will fit into a particular type of computer case. • There are different power supply form factors, but ATX and LPX are the popular types found in most systems.
- 13. Types of Power Supply • There are 3 types of power supply in common use: • AT Power Supply - used in very old PCs. • ATX Power Supply - still used in some PCs. • ATX-2 Power Supply - commonly in use today.
- 14. The power supply connectors 4 Pin Berg Connector Used to connect the PSU to small form factor devices, such as 3.5" floppy drives. available in: AT, ATX & ATX-2 4 Pin Molex Connector This is used to power various components, including hard drives and optical drives. available in: AT, ATX & ATX-2
- 15. The power supply connectors 20 Pin Molex ATX Power Connector This is used to power the motherboard in ATX systems. available in: ATX( ATX-2 have four extra pins) 4 Pin Molex P4 12V Power Connector Used specifically for Pentium 4 Processor Motherboards. available in: ATX (integrated into the power connector in ATX-2) 6 Pin AUX Connector Provides +5V DC, and two connections of +3.3V. available in: ATX/ATX-2
- 16. Grouping Task • In a group of 5, find the figure of personal computer ports, named it and the appropriate cable for each port. • Explain the features and function of each ports and cables.
- 18. HOW COMPUTER HANDLES INFORMATION STORAGE Is used to convey the information generated by a computer to a user. INPUT OUTPUT PROCESSOR Allows a user to enter data and commands into the memory of a computer. is used to record and retrieve data, instructions, data information to and from a storage medium. Is the electronic device that interprets and carries out the instructions that operate the computer.
- 19. Data Representation • How is a letter converted to binary form and back? Step 1. The user presses the capital letter D (shift+D key) on the keyboard. Step 2. An electronic signal for the capital letter D is sent to the system unit. Step 3. The signal for the capital letter D is converted to its ASCII binary code (01000100) and is stored in memory for processing. Step 4. After processing, the binary code for the capital letter D is converted to an image, and displayed on the output device.
- 20. FIND 3 COMPONENTS/ EQUIPMENTS CONTAINS IN: • INPUT • STORAGE • OUTPUT
- 21. • 1.1.1 Identify Cases And Power Supplies a) Cases b) Power Supplies 1.1 UNDERSTAND THE PERSONAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS
- 22. CASES Meaning: • The computer case serves mainly as a way to physically mount and contain all of the actual components inside of a computer. • The computer case is also known as a tower, box, housing, chassis, and cabinet • Computer cases come in two main configurations - desktop or tower. • Towers - the more prevalent - come in three sizes - mini tower, mid tower or full tower.
- 23. CASES Desktop cases Mini Tower Cases Mid Tower Cases Full Tower Cases • Better for Watercooling • Better for Airflow • Better for More Hardware • Use for = Home servers, DAW, video editing Use for= Workstations, gaming PC
- 24. i. Voltage (V) is a measure of the force required to push electrons through a circuit. Voltage is measured in volts. A computer power supply usually produces several different voltages. ii. Current (I) is a measure of the amount of electrons going through a circuit. Current is measured in amperes, or amps (A). Computer power supplies deliver different amperages for each output voltage. iii. Power (P) is voltage multiplied by current. The measurement is called watts (W). Computer power supplies are rated in watts. iv. Resistance (R) is the opposition to the flow of current in a circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms. Lower resistance allows more current to flow through a circuit. Four Basic Units of Electricity
- 25. • There is a basic equation that expresses how three of the terms relate to each other. It states that voltage is equal to the current multiplied by the resistance. This is known as Ohm's Law. V = IR • In an electrical system, power (P) is equal to the voltage multiplied by the current. P = VI Ohm’s Law
- 26. 1.1.2 Internal Components a) Motherboards b) CPUs c) Cooling Systems d) ROM e) RAM f) Memory modules g) Adapter Cards And Expansion Slots h) Storage Drives And RAID i) Internal Cables 1.1 UNDERSTAND THE PERSONAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS
- 27. • The motherboard is the main printed circuit board. • Contains the buses, or electrical pathways found in a computer. Buses allow data to travel among the various components. • Accommodates CPU, RAM, expansion slots, heat sink/fan assembly, BIOS chip, chip set, sockets, internal and external connectors, various ports, and the embedded wires that interconnect the motherboard components Motherboards
- 28. • The form factor of motherboards pertains to the size and shape of the board. • It also describes the physical layout of the different components and devices on the motherboard. • Various form factors exist for motherboards. i. AT – Advanced Technology ii. ATX – Advanced Technology Extended iii. Mini-ATX – Smaller footprint of ATX iv. Micro-ATX – Smaller footprint of ATX v. LPX – Low-profile Extended vi. NLX – New Low-profile Extended vii. BTX – Balanced Technology Extended Motherboard Form Factors
- 29. Motherboards
- 30. Motherboards
- 31. Northbridge
- 32. Southbridge
- 33. • The CPU is known as the brain of the computer. It is also referred to as the processor. • The CPU executes a program, which is a sequence of stored instructions. • Two major CPU architectures related to instruction sets: i. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) ii. Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
- 34. • Some CPUs incorporate hyperthreading to enhance the performance of the CPU. • The amount of data that a CPU can process at the one time depends on the size of the processor data bus. • Overclocking is a technique used to make a processor work at a faster speed than its original specification. • MMX is a set of multimedia instructions built into Intel processors. • The latest processor technology has resulted in CPU manufacturers finding ways to incorporate more than one CPU core onto a single chip. – Dual core CPU, – Triple Core CPU – Quad Core CPU CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
- 35. Cooling Systems • Computer cooling is required to remove the waste heat produced by computer components, to keep components within permissible operating temperature limits.
- 36. Cooling Systems Cooling Solutions 1) A heat sink is a passive cooling system that cools a component by dissipating heat. Prevent Your PC From Overheating 2) The thermal compound fills any air gaps between the heat-producing component and the heat sink allowing more efficient transfer of heat.
- 37. Cooling Systems Cooling Solutions 3) Fans force air to move, so the hot air is blown away from heat-generating components and expelled from the desktop or laptop PC‘s case 4) Water cooling involves a pump that pumps water through tubes that travel throughout your PC’s case. The cool water in the tubes absorb heat as it moves through your case.
- 38. ROM (Read Only Memory) • Hold permanent data and data will not lost when electrical power is turned off. • Normal operation – data can only be read from it. No new data can be written on it.
- 39. RAM (Random Access Memory) • Contents of RAM will be read or write many times as computer executes program. • It require fast read and write cycle times so it will not slow down the operation. • Disadvantages – volatile (lose data when power off).
- 40. i. Dynamic RAM (DRAM ii. Static RAM (SRAM) iii. Fast Page Mode (FPM) iv. Extended Data Out (EDO) v. Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) vi. Double Data Rate (DDR) vii. Double Data Rate 2 (DDR2) viii.RAMBus DRAM (RDRAM) Types of RAM
- 41. Memory Modules Primary Memory Secondary Memory As internal memory. Called mass storage with massive amount of data without the need of electrical power. Communicate constantly with process Operates at slower speed, stores program and data that are not currently being used by CPU. Typical secondary memory – floppy disk, CD-ROM, magnetic disk, magnetic tape
- 42. Memory Modules Below is an image of a 512MB Dual in-line Memory Module (DIMM) computer memory module Single In-line Memory Module, SIMM. Today, the SIMM is rarely used and have been replaced by DIMMs.
- 43. Adapter Cards • An adapter card is any internal expansion card that allows the computer to communicate with another peripheral such as a monitor. • For example, the video card is an adapter card. PCI Sound Adapter Card Multimedia Adapter Card
- 44. Expansion Slots • An expansion slot is connection or port located inside a computer on the motherboard or riser board that allows a computer hardware expansion card to be connected. • For example, if you wanted to install a new video card in the computer, you'd purchase a video expansion card and install that card into the compatible expansion slot.
- 45. Expansion Slots Computer expansion slots • AGP - Video card • AMR - Modem, Sound card • CNR - Modem, Network card, Sound card • EISA - SCSI, Network card, Video card • ISA - Network card, Sound card, Video card • PCI - Network card, SCSI, Sound card, Video card • PCI Express - Video card, Modem, Sound Card, Network Card • VESA - Video card
- 46. Storage Devices and RAID • Storage Devices; – Primary Storage – Secondary Storage
- 47. Primary Storage • Primary memory is the main memory (RAM) where the operating system resides
- 48. RAM • Static RAM (SRAM) • Is used for cache memory, does not need to be refreshed to retain information • Faster than Dynamic RAM • More expensive
- 49. RAM • Dynamic RAM (DRAM) • Used on single and dual in-line memory modules (SIMMs dan DIMMs) • Need to be refreshed • Replaced with Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)
- 50. Secondary Storage • Secondary memory can be external devices like CD, floppy magnetic discs etc. • Secondary storage cannot be directly accessed by the CPU and is also external memory storage
- 51. RAID • A Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) installation can provide data protection or increased performance when connecting multiple hard drive. – Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks is an assortment of hard drives connected and setup in ways to help protect or speed up the performance of a computer's disk storage
- 52. RAID
- 53. RAID
- 54. Internal Cables Internal power splitter Molex to Floppy 1.8m-VGA-to-VGA- Monitor-Cable 3-pin Fan Power Extension Cable for Computer and CPU Fans, 18" IDE Molex Internal Power Extension Cable Computer Power Supply PSU 12V/5V
- 55. • 1.1.3 Identify external ports and cables a) Video ports and cables b) Other ports and cables 1.1 UNDERSTAND THE PERSONAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS
- 56. External Ports
- 58. • 1.1.4 Identify Input And Output Devices a) Input Devices b) Output Devices c) Monitor characteristics 1.1 UNDERSTAND THE PERSONAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS
- 59. INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES
- 60. Input/Output (I/O) device • An input/output (I/O) device is a hardware device that has the ability to accept inputted, outputted or other processed data. It also can acquire respective media data as input sent to a computer or send computer data to storage media as storage output. • Input devices provide input to a computer, while output devices provide a way for a computer to output data for communication with users or other computers. An I/O device is a device with both functionalities. • Examples of I/O storage devices are CD/DVD-ROM drives, USB flash drives and hard disk drives. Examples of communication I/O devices are network adapters, Bluetooth adapters/dongles and modems.
- 61. Input Devices Following are few of the important input devices, which are used in Computer Systems: • Keyboard • Mouse • Joystick • Light pen • Track Ball • Scanner • Graphic Tablet • Microphone • Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR) • Optical Character Reader (OCR) • Bar Code Reader • Optical Mark Reader http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm
- 62. • Input devices are used to enter data or instructions into a computer: i. Mouse and Keyboard ii. KVM switch iii. Digital camera and digital video camera iv. Biometric authentication device v. Touch screen vi. Scanner Input Devices
- 63. • Monitors and Projectors: i. Cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor is the most common monitor type ii. Most televisions also use this technology. iii. Liquid crystal display (LCD) is commonly used in laptops and some projectors iv. LCD comes in two forms, active matrix and passive matrix. v. Digital light processing (DLP) is another technology used in projectors. vi. Monitor resolution refers to the level of image detail that can be reproduced vii. Higher resolution settings produce better image quality. Output Devices
- 64. • Printers and Fax Machines are output devices that create hard copies of computer files. • Scanners create electronic file version of paper documents. • Speakers and headphones are output devices for reproducing audio signals. Output Devices