Citing, referencing, and reference management software
7 likes2,766 views
This document provides guidance on the importance of referencing in academic writing, defining it as the practice of acknowledging the intellectual work of others. It outlines various reference styles, principles of referencing, and the significance of avoiding plagiarism, along with methods for demonstrating academic integrity. Additionally, it discusses the use of reference management software to streamline the citation process.
![Citing is an abbreviated form to reference contents from another
author and each citation corresponds to a full bibliographic reference.
There are generally two ways to cite:
> Citing “(Author, date, p.)” within the text
e.g. A previously study (Grover, 2005)...
> Numerical citing in the text or footnote
e.g. A previously study[1] demonstrated…
e.g. A previously study(1) demonstrated….
Library and Information Service
What is citing?
The full reference
will be presented in
the work’s
bibliography.
The full reference will
be presented in the
note field (bottom of
the page).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/citingreferencingslideshare27-8-2014-140827095218-phpapp01/85/Citing-referencing-and-reference-management-software-25-320.jpg)
![Harvard style
Printed article
Surname, Initials., Year. Title,
Journal name, Volume# No.#, pp.
#-#.
e.g.
Guthrie, J. and Parker, L., 1997. Editorial:
Celebration, reflection and a future: a decade of
AAAJ, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability
Journal, Vol.10 No.1, pp. 3-8.
Electronic article
Surname, Initials., Year. Title,
Journal name [Online], Volume#.
Available at: URL [Accessed: day
Month year].
e.g.
Merchent, A.T., 2007. Diet, physical activity, and
adiposity in children in poor and rich
neighbourhoods: a cross-sectional comparison.
Nutrition Journal [Online] 6. Available at:
http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-6-
1.pdf [Accessed: 27 February 2007].
Website
Author/source, Year. Title [Online].
Place: Publisher (if available).
Available at: URL [Accessed: day
Month year].
e.g.
Leeds Metropolitan University, 2002, Business
Start-Up@Leeds Met. [Online] Available at:
www.lmu.ac.uk/city/bus_startup.htm [Accessed:
20 January 2014].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/citingreferencingslideshare27-8-2014-140827095218-phpapp01/85/Citing-referencing-and-reference-management-software-28-320.jpg)
![Comparing reference management software
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_reference_management_sof
tware
Penn State University Libraries
http://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/lls/choose_citation_mgr.html
Gilmour, R. and Cubus-Kuo, L., 2011. Reference management software:
a comparative analysis. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship
[Online]. Available at: http://www.istl.org/11-summer/refereed2.html
[Accessed: 19 September 2007].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/citingreferencingslideshare27-8-2014-140827095218-phpapp01/85/Citing-referencing-and-reference-management-software-39-320.jpg)
Citing, referencing, and reference management software
- 1. Referencing Referencing and citing Plagiarism Reference styles Reference management software Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike G. Gabriel © Thomas Hawk, Flickr LSC Library Pocock House 235 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP library@lsclondon.co.uk
- 2. Introduction © Capital Proximité News
- 3. What is referencing? “Referencing is the practice of acknowledging in your own writing the intellectual work of others; work that has been presented in some way into the public domain.” (Neville, 2007, p. 1). © Thomas Hawk via Flickr
- 4. Reference list or bibliography? Reference list contains only the items read and specifically cited in text. Bibliography is a list of everything you read in preparation for writing an assignment, whether you found them worth citing in text or not. © Thomas Hawk via Flickr
- 5. Example
- 6. Why reference materials? • Trace the origins of ideas; • Build a web of ideas; • Find your own voice; • Validate arguments; • Spread knowledge; • Show appreciation; • Express main influences; • Avoid plagiarism. (Neville, 2007, p. 8-10)
- 7. “Referencing helps create a map of knowledge, a web of pathways in knowledge; and each researcher helps extend that knowledge. It means that we don't have to find out everything for ourselves all over again; we don't have to reinvent the wheel. In effect, referencing multiplies knowledge exponentially.” (Monash University, 2014).
- 8. Principles of referencing Walker and Taylor (1998, pp.11-15) present five principles: 1. The principle of intellectual property. We acknowledge people’s right to claim ownership of an idea/product if it has been presented in a “fixed” way (e.g. published, presented). 2. The principle of access. Other readers will easily and quickly identify and locate documents, thus spreading and advancing knowledge. 3. The principle of economy. A references should be presented so as to save time with lengthy explanations in the text. 5. The principle of transparency. There must be no ambiguity in terms and expressions used.
- 9. What to reference? You can cite references taken from a range of sources: • Books and chapters of books (print or online); • Articles from journals or newspapers; • Papers presented at conferences; • Reports (university working papers); • Notes supplied by a lecturer; • Legal documents; • Internet sources (including weblogs, email correspondence) • DVD/CD databases; • Radio/television/videos/audio cassette/CD-ROMS; • Interview transcripts; • Illustrations; • Works of art and design.
- 10. Criteria for choosing to reference. • Relevance: to what extent is this source relevant? Is the information provided a partial or restricted view of the subject? Are counter-arguments presented and treated with respect? • Currency: when was the source published? Are there revised editions? • Authority: is the source authoritative/credible? Do other authors refer this source? • Scope: how general or particular are the ideas/models/practices described (limited in time/space/population)? (Neville, 2007, p. 15-16)
- 11. Plagiarism
- 12. Plagiarism: what is it? “Plagiarism is defined as submitting as one's own work, irrespective of intent to deceive, that which derives in part or in its entirely from the work of others without due acknowledgement. It is both poor scholarship and a breach of academic integrity.” (Cambridge University, 2011)
- 14. Examples of plagiarism • Quoting verbatim without due acknowledgement of the source; • Paraphrasing by changing some of the words, or the order of the words, without due acknowledgement of the source; • Using someone else’s ideas without due reference; • Cutting and pasting from the Internet to make a pastiche of online sources; • Submitting someone else’s work (includes group works without clear identification of who did the work); • Colluding with another person.
- 15. Examples of plagiarism (Indiana University Bloomington, 2005)
- 17. How to spot plagiarism https://student.unsw.edu.au/turnitin-support
- 18. Avoiding plagiarism While you are reading/writing, make sure you identify: • Which part is your own thought and which is taken from other authors; • Which parts of your own writing are a response to the argument or directly inspired by ideas in the text; • Which parts are paraphrases of the author’s points; • Which parts were done in collaboration with others.
- 19. Demonstrating academic integrity Each assignment has specific learning outcomes or assessment criteria that require you to: • Read critically, selecting appropriate and relevant evidence; • Write critically, exploring all aspects of an issue (positive/negative, for/against, etc.); • Summarise and provide an insightful analysis of a complex issue; • Combine and relate information and ideas, and then discuss them in your own words.
- 20. Avoiding plagiarism: what is your system? © Pong, FreeDigitalPhotos.net © digitalart, FreeDigitalPhotos.net © Stuart Miles, FreeDigitalPhotos.net
- 21. Further reading • Examples of good and bad paraphrasing https://www.indiana.edu/~istd/example1paraphrasing.html • Tutorial from Cardiff Metropolitan University https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial/ • Books at the LSC Library:
- 22. http://www.plagiarismadvice.org/reso urces/teaching-resources/ item/thompson-universityresearch Further reading
- 23. ©David Castillo, FreeDigitalPhotos.net Reference styles
- 24. Introduction Reference styles are numerous and some standards are more popular in certain subject areas. Some examples: Harvard (used in Social Sciences) IEEE (predominant in the Engineering field) Vancouver (predominant in the Medical field) Chicago Oxford … The LSC has adopted the Harvard System of referencing and citation.
- 25. Citing is an abbreviated form to reference contents from another author and each citation corresponds to a full bibliographic reference. There are generally two ways to cite: > Citing “(Author, date, p.)” within the text e.g. A previously study (Grover, 2005)... > Numerical citing in the text or footnote e.g. A previously study[1] demonstrated… e.g. A previously study(1) demonstrated…. Library and Information Service What is citing? The full reference will be presented in the work’s bibliography. The full reference will be presented in the note field (bottom of the page).
- 26. Harvard style In-text citations • For 1 author use: (Surname, year, p.) e.g. Geck’s theory (2001, pp. 2-20) proved... e.g. The theory proved (Geck, 2001, pp. 2-20)... • For 2 authors use: (1st Surname and 2nd Surname, year, p.) e.g. John and Inkle (2001, p. 25-30) argue that... e.g. Authors have argued (John and Inkle, 2001. p.25-30)... • For several authors and several citations use: (1st Surname et al., year, p.) e.g. other studies (Moniz et al., 2005; Wilson, 1995) proved...
- 27. Harvard style Print book Surname, Initials., Year. Title. #ed. City: Publisher. e.g. Patton, M.Q., 1990. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. 2nd ed. Newbury Park: SAGE. Print book chapter Surname, Initials., Year. Title. In: Surname, Initials. Book title. #ed. City: Publisher, pp. #-# . e.g. Cooke, D.J. and Philip, L., 2001. To treat or not to treat? An empirical perspective. In: Hollin, C.R. ed. Handbook of offender assessment and treatment. Chichester: Wiley, pp. 3-15. Conference paper Surname, Initials., Year. Title. In: Surname, Initials. Conference title, Proceedings info. City: Publisher, pp. #-# . e.g. Naude, P., 1998. Marketing in the information domain. In: Halinen, A. (Eds) Interactions, Relationships and Networks, Proceedings of the 14th Annual IMP Conference, pp. 245-62. Government or commercial reports Institution name, Year. Title. #ed. City: Publisher. e.g. Bank of England, 2003. Quarterly Report on small business statistics. London: Bank of England.
- 28. Harvard style Printed article Surname, Initials., Year. Title, Journal name, Volume# No.#, pp. #-#. e.g. Guthrie, J. and Parker, L., 1997. Editorial: Celebration, reflection and a future: a decade of AAAJ, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol.10 No.1, pp. 3-8. Electronic article Surname, Initials., Year. Title, Journal name [Online], Volume#. Available at: URL [Accessed: day Month year]. e.g. Merchent, A.T., 2007. Diet, physical activity, and adiposity in children in poor and rich neighbourhoods: a cross-sectional comparison. Nutrition Journal [Online] 6. Available at: http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-6- 1.pdf [Accessed: 27 February 2007]. Website Author/source, Year. Title [Online]. Place: Publisher (if available). Available at: URL [Accessed: day Month year]. e.g. Leeds Metropolitan University, 2002, Business Start-Up@Leeds Met. [Online] Available at: www.lmu.ac.uk/city/bus_startup.htm [Accessed: 20 January 2014].
- 29. Harvard style: further reading • Tutorial from the Cardiff Metropolitan University: https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/citingreferences/tutorial/ • Tutorial from Anglia Ruskin University Library: http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm • Tutorial from The University of Queensland Library: http://www.library.uq.edu.au/training/citation/harvard_6.pdf • Tutorial from Emerald: http://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/authors/guides/write/harvard.ht m
- 30. Harvard style: further reading • Ebooks • Quick guides can be found at the LSC Library.
- 32. Why use reference management software? • Take the stress and headaches out of referencing; • Keep track of every bibliographic reference used/seen; • Backup your bibliographic data; • Tag, search and sort references; • Make it easier to insert a citation into your document (“cite while you write” functionality) and create an automatic bibliography; • To quickly change citation and reference style;
- 33. Using Mendeley Getting started • Go to www.mendeley.com and create an account; • Install Mendeley’s desktop version; • Install the web importer (available in the Online Mendeley Dashboard or in the Mendeley desktop > Tools > Install Web Importer); • Install Microsoft Word plugin (Mendeley desktop > Tools > Install MS Word Plugin); www.mendeley.com
- 37. Using Zotero www.zotero.org Getting started • Go to www.zotero.org and create an account; • Install Zotero’s desktop version; • Download Zotero connector (available right after you installed Zotero); www.zotero.org/download/
- 39. Comparing reference management software Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_reference_management_sof tware Penn State University Libraries http://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/lls/choose_citation_mgr.html Gilmour, R. and Cubus-Kuo, L., 2011. Reference management software: a comparative analysis. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship [Online]. Available at: http://www.istl.org/11-summer/refereed2.html [Accessed: 19 September 2007].
- 40. Bibliography BBC (2013). German minister Annette Schavan quits over ‘plagiarism’. News Europe, 9 February. Retrieved 30 July 2014 from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21395102 Cassity, S. (2004). Student expelled for internet plagiarism. The Independent, 28 May. Retrieved 30 July 2014 from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/student-expelled-for-internet-plagiarism-6168983.html Coonan, E. (2013). Referencing Without Tears. Retrieved 10 August 2014 from http://researchcentral.wordpress.com/2013/11/13/referencing/ Indiana University Bloomington, School of Education (2005). How to recognize plagiarism. Retrieved 1 August 2014 from https://www.indiana.edu/~istd/example1paraphrasing.html Jump, P. (2014). Scientist’s dishonest reporting of work could sink those in her wake. Times Higher Education, 9 January. Retriaved 1 August from http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/scientists-dishonest-reporting-of-work-could-sink-those-in-her- wake/2010319.article Monash University. (2014). Why do we reference?. Available at http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/general/reference/index.xml (retrieved 10 August 2014). Neville. (2007). The Complete Guide To Referencing And Avoiding Plagiarism. Open University Press. Retrieved 11 August 2014 from http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=112960 Stothard, M. (2008). ‘1 in 2’ admits to plagiarism. Varsity, 681, 1,4-5. TSL Education Ltd. (2008). Dear dismissed for plagiarism. Times Higher Education, 6 March. Retrieved 30 July from http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/dean-dismissed-for-plagiarism/400950.article University of Cambridge. (2011). University-wide statement on plagiarism. Retrieved 15 July 2014 from http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/univ/plagiarism/students/statement.html Walker, J.R., & Taylor, T. (1998). The Columbia guide to online style. New York: Columbia University Press.
- 41. LSC Library Pocock House 235 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP library@lsclondon.co.uk www.slideshare.net/lsclondon Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike