Writing, Referencing & Avoiding Plagiarism
- 1. CT231 • Professional Skills • 2012-13 Week 5. Writing, Referencing & Avoiding Plagiarism
- 3. Stages of Research Research Tools Define the Search engines, research Wikipedia question (THINK before Google Scholar you SEARCH) Read & Advanced Search Refine Library resources: Read selectively, Books, actively, Electronic critically journals, Databases
- 4. Read Selectively • select the LATEST / CURRENT • select the most RELEVANT • select by RELIABILITY (e.g. Source? Bias? Bibliography?) • select by AMOUNT
- 5. 1. How do you write a report?
- 6. A good report: WHAT? Introduction – outline your approach: what report is going to discuss/deal with – clarify the scope of the report Body – 1 point/idea/concept per paragraph – use readings to support your case or challenge arguments – cite all sources correctly & completely – analytical/critical focus – balanced approach Summary/Conclusion – re-visit main points – raise any inconsistencies in literature Reference List
- 7. A good report: HOW? Plan – define the purpose – analyse the audience – gather information – structure the material Write/Re-write – write a rough draft – structure the report clearly (see previous slide) – refine the report using a clear writing style Cite Sources – put brief, in-text references wherever you refer to other work – put full references in the Bibliography Review
- 8. Structuring your material Loose organization Organization & evaluation Formal outline I. xxxx II. xxxx III. xxxx IV. xxxx V. xxxx
- 9. Academic Report Writing Referencing Sources correctly Avoiding Plagiarism
- 11. Definition of PLAGIARISM “failure to provide proper acknowledgement of your use of another’s work” “intellectual theft” Source: Dartmouth University. (2012). What is plagiarism? http://www.dartmouth.edu/~writing/sources/sources-citation.html
- 12. NUIG Definition of PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is the act of copying, including or directly quoting from, the work of another without adequate acknowledgement… National University of Ireland, Galway. (2011). Code of practice for dealing with plagiarism. www.nuigalway.ie/plagiarism
- 13. NUIG Definition of PLAGIARISM The submission of plagiarised materials for assessment purposes or for publication or for public presentation is fraudulent and all suspected cases will be investigated and dealt with appropriately by the University following the procedures outlined here and with reference to the Disciplinary Code… National University of Ireland, Galway. (2010). Code of practice for dealing with plagiarism. www.nuigalway.ie/plagiarism
- 14. NUIG Definition of PLAGIARISM All work submitted by students for assessment purposes is accepted on the understanding that it is their own work and written in their own words except where explicitly referenced using the accepted norms and formats of the appropriate academic discipline. National University of Ireland, Galway. (2010). Code of practice for dealing with plagiarism. www.nuigalway.ie/plagiarism
- 15. Are these examples of plagiarism?
- 16. Are these examples of plagiarism? • Buying/borrowing/stealing a paper or report
- 17. Are these examples of plagiarism? • Buying/borrowing/stealing a paper or report • Hiring someone to write a paper or report
- 18. Are these examples of plagiarism? • Buying/borrowing/stealing a paper or report • Hiring someone to write a paper or report • Copying from another source without citing your source
- 19. Are these examples of plagiarism? • Buying/borrowing/stealing a paper or report • Hiring someone to write a paper or report • Copying from another source without citing your source • Building on someone’s ideas without citing your source
- 20. Are these examples of plagiarism? • Buying/borrowing/stealing a paper or report • Hiring someone to write a paper or report • Copying from another source without citing your source • Building on someone’s ideas without citing your source • Using a source very closely when paraphrasing
- 21. Are these examples of plagiarism? • Buying/borrowing/stealing a paper or report • Hiring someone to write a paper or report • Copying from another source without citing your source • Building on someone’s ideas without citing your source • Using a source very closely when paraphrasing Yes... these are all examples of plagiarism
- 22. 3. How do you avoid Plagiarism?
- 23. HEART of avoiding plagiarism… Give credit where credit is due i.e. reference your sources
- 24. 4. How do you reference correctly?
- 25. Referencing = citing your sources There are 2 parts to citing your sources In-text citation Reference List • idea (Cronin, 2011) at the end of the report; • “direct quote” (Cronin, 2011, p. 45) full citation for each source
- 26. In-text citation • You need to show where in your report you’ve used a particular source... but the full reference would be too long to put within the body of your report, e.g. Sun, J., Flores, J. & Tanguma, J. (2012). E-textbooks and students’ learning experiences. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 10 (1), 63-77. • So, you use in-text citations within the body of the report, in the exact location where you refer to it: Sun, et al (2012) • It’s like a shorthand for the full citation, which goes in the List of References at the end of the report
- 27. List of references • The list of references goes at the end of the report, on its own page • All sources used must be included in alphabetical order by author surname • Don’t separate types of sources (i.e. books from articles or web sites) in the list of references • Each in-text citation contained in your report must match to a full citation in the list of references.
- 28. What info must be referenced? … it depends on the source! Types of sources: • Book • Lecture • Edited book • Map • Newspaper • Govt. publication • Conference proceedings • Graphic illustration • Web page (not web site) • Journal article
- 29. Citation fields? • Author (individual(s), corporation, organization) • Title (e.g. book, article, web page) • Year of publication • Publisher & place of publication • Volume & Number (for journals) • Edition (for some books) • Page number (for direct quotations, articles, etc.) These are some of the most common citation fields… not an exhaustive list.
- 30. APA style of referencing There are many styles of referencing; in CT231 it is recommended that you use APA style (American Psychological Association). The following 4 slides contain a few examples of in-text citations and reference list items, using APA style.
- 31. APA EXAMPLE: In-text citation Idea: For Giddens (2010), the advent of new communications technology is leading to the ‘death of distance’ and making it possible to share knowledge and culture across the globe instantaneously and simultaneously. In quoting an idea from someone else, cite the author and year of publication.
- 32. APA EXAMPLE: In-text citation Direct quote: As Morganstern (2010) notes, “The interruption-rich environment is a challenge for even the best time managers” (p. 29). For direct quotes you cite the author, year of publication, and the page number where the exact quote can be found.
- 33. APA EXAMPLE: Reference List Book: Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What The Internet Is Hiding From You. London: Viking. Author. (Year). Book Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
- 34. APA EXAMPLE: Reference List Journal article: Rutherford, J.J. (2010). Wearable technology. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE, 29 (3), 19-24. Author. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume (number), pages.
- 35. APA EXAMPLE: Reference List Web page: Purdue University. Is it plagiarism yet? (2012). Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02/ NOTE: you must cite a web page and not a web site – as with other references, include the author, title and year of publication.
- 36. Academic Report Writing Referencing Sources correctly Avoiding Plagiarism
- 37. 5. Resources
- 38. www.nuigalway.ie/wrap WRAP Writing, Referencing & Avoiding Plagiarism NUI Galway
- 39. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ OWL Online Writing Lab Purdue University