The document discusses various techniques for optimizing performance and scaling WordPress sites, including caching at both the database and application layers. It covers strategies for single-server, multi-server, and distributed architectures. Specific technologies mentioned include opcode caching, memcached, database sharding using HyperDB, and file syncing options for multi-server deployments. Considerations for choosing nginx vs Apache web servers and Batcache vs W3TC caching plugins are also provided.