Weed manegment method
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This document summarizes a study on the effect of various weed control methods on wheat yield under different cropping patterns. It begins with an introduction to weeds, their characteristics, and principles of weed management. It then describes various weed control methods including physical/mechanical (tillage, hoeing, hand weeding), cultural (crop rotation, mulching), chemical (herbicides), and biological (insects, diseases). The study tested different weed control treatments (weedy check, hand weeding, mechanical weeding, chemical weeding, integrated methods) under various cropping patterns. It found the integrated method of mechanical weeding followed by hand weeding produced the highest net benefits across all cropping patterns.
Weed manegment method
- 2. Name : Manoj Kumar M.Sc. (Ag) Agroforestry ID : AGF-14205 Supervisor : Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh Co-supervisor: Dr. Mahendra Singh Effect of Various Weed Control Methods on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat Under Different Cropping Patterns
- 3. Introduction Weed Weed management Principle of weed management
- 4. INTRODUCTION
- 5. WEED “ Weed is an unwanted plant growing where is not desired.’’ - Jethro Tull Unwanted undesirable plant that interfere with the utilization of land ,water resources and thus adversely affect the crop production and human welfare.
- 6. Characteristics of weed:- They thrive well even under adverse condition. They spread vegetatively . Able to regenerate lost plant. Compete with cultivated plant. Produce enormous number of weed. Ets seed remain viable for many year. All seed of weed mature simultaneously.
- 7. Weed management The process of limiting weed infestation, so that crop can be grown profitably or other operations can be conducted efficiently
- 8. Principle of weed management Weed management Prevention Eradiation Control
- 9. Prevention It is a long term planning so that the weeds could be controlled or managed more effectively and economically than is possible where these are allowed to disperse freely. Following preventive control measures are suggested for adoption wherever possible & practicable.
- 10. Eradication It infers that a given weed species, its seed & vegetative part has been killed or completely removed from a given area & that weed will not reappear unless reintroduced to the area.
- 11. Control • In control methods, the weeds are seldom killed but their growth is severely restricted, the crop makes a normal yield CONTROL PHYSICAL MAICHENICAL CULTURAL CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL
- 13. Physical and Mechanical method I. Tillage II. Hoeing: III. Hand Weeding IV. Mowing V. Burning VI. Flooding VII. Grazing IX.
- 14. Tillage Tillage removes weeds from the soil resulting in their death. It may weaken plants through injury of root and stem pruning, reducing their competitiveness or regenerative capacity.
- 15. Hand weeding: It is done by physical removal or pulling out of weeds by hand or removal by implements called khurpi, which resembles sickle Hoeing : Hoe has been the most appropriate and widely used weeding tool for centuries. It is however, still a very useful implement to obtain results effectively and cheaply.
- 16. Sicklingand Moving: Sickling is also done by hand with the help of sickle to remove the top growth of weeds to prevent seed production and to starve the underground parts.Mowing is a machine-operated practice mostly done on roadsides and in lawns Burning: Burning or fire is often an economical and practical means of controlling weeds.
- 17. Flooding:: Flooding kills plants by reducing oxygen availability for plant growth. The success of flooding depends upon complete submergence of weeds for longer periods. Grazing: The repeated removal of weed top growth by grazing animals, like close mowing, prevents seed formation and gradually weakens underground parts.
- 18. Cultural i. Field preparation ii. Crop Rotations iii. Maintenance of optimum plant population iv. Mulching Several cultural practices like tillage, planting, fertilizer application, irrigation etc., are employed for creating favorable condition for the crop. These practices if used properly, help in controlling weeds
- 19. The field has to be kept weed free. Flowering of weeds should not be allowed. This helps in prevention of build up of weed seed population. Fieldpreparation: Crop rotation: The possibility of a certain weed species or group of species occurring is greater if the same crop is grown year after year
- 20. Maintenance of optimumplant population: Lack of adequate plant population is prone to heavy weed infestation, which becomes, difficult to control later Mulch is a protective covering of material maintained on soil surface. Mulching has smothering effect on weed control by excluding light from the photosynthetic portions of a plant and thus inhibiting the top growth. Mulching:
- 21. 3. Chemical method Using chemicals, generally referred as herbicides, for the control of weeds is called chemical weed control. In 1944 - discovery of 2,4-D Na salt as a land mark in herbicide usage
- 22. Biological method Use of living organism’s viz., insects, disease organisms, herbivorous fish, snails or even competitive plants for the control of weeds is called biological control
- 23. Treatments CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 WC1 (Weedy Check) WC2 (Hand Weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) WC3 (Mechanical Weeding at 20 DAS) WC4 (Chemical Weeding at 2-3 leaf stage of weeds) WC5 (Mechanical Weeding at 20 DAS + Hand Weeding at 50 DAS) 12201.25 23697.25 13961.50 15388.30 17725.00 50304.25 72247.77 61398.25 64172.82 68549.48 45725.78 66641.77 61021.95 64313.99 66595.25 40147.58 60972.75 48588.75 52737.49 61970.27 Net benefit of various Cropping Patterns under different weed control methods CP1= Wheat - Fallow – Wheat, CP2= Wheat - Corn – Wheat, CP3= Wheat - Mungbean – Wheat, CP4= Wheat - Cowpeas – Wheat