Epitope prediction and its algorithms

S.Prasanth Kumar, Bioinformatician Immunoinformatics Epitope Prediction and its Algorithms S.Prasanth Kumar, Bioinformatician S.Prasanth Kumar Dept. of Bioinformatics Applied Botany Centre (ABC) Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, INDIA www.facebook.com/Prasanth Sivakumar FOLLOW ME ON ACCESS MY RESOURCES IN SLIDESHARE prasanthperceptron CONTACT ME [email_address]

Epitope Antigenic determinants or Epitopes are the portions of the antigen molecules which are responsible for specificity of the antigens in antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) reactions and that combine with the antigen binding site of Ab, to which they are complementary. Antibody Epitope

They occur on the surface of the protein and are more flexible than the rest of the protein They have high degree of exposure to the solvent . The amino acids making the epitope are usually charged and hydrophilic Epitope’s Properties and its Types Sequential / Continuous Epitopes Antibody Recognized by T H cells Linear peptide fragments Amphipathic helical 9-12 mer

Conformational / Discontinuous Epitopes Antibody Recognized by both T H & B cells Non-linear discrete amino acid sequences, come together due to folding Exposed 15-22 mer Paratope Paratope Sites of Antigen binding on Antibody molecule

Immunological Processes Ag-Ab Complex MHC molecules function as antigen-recognition molecules Class I – Presents Ag so that T C cells recognize & kill. Requires CD8+ on T c Class II – Presents Ag so that T H cells recognize & kill. Requires CD4+ on T H

Immunological Processes Endogenous pathway (class I MHC) Endogenous antigen Cytosol Proteasome Antigenic peptides peptidases N-terminally trimmed peptides TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing)

Immunological Processes Cytosol ER *aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing (ERAAP) ERAAP N-terminally trimmed peptides MHC Class I GC Exogenous Antigen Class II Exogenous pathway (class II MHC) Cell Surface

Immunological Processes Cytosol Cell Surface Where MHC are expressed ? Class-I all nucleated cells e.g. virus infected cells Class-II APCs (macrophages, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells) T H cells expresses CD4,CD4 recognizes MHC class II molecules T C cells expresses CD8,CD8 recognizes MHC class I molecules T H Cell TCR CD4 MHC Class II Antigenic Peptide T C Cell CD8 MHC Class I Immuological Responses

B-Cell Epitope Prediction Hopp & Woods method …… -Ser-Thr-Cys-Asn-Glu-…… ……-Ser-Thr-Val-Asn-Glu-….. e.g. ser-1, thr-2, cys-3,asn-4,glu-5, etc,…..x-10 alignment score = 22 Based on alignment score predict Antigenicity 1 + 2 + 10 + 4 + 5 = 22

Database of Known Epitopes % of Epitope aa : % of aa in the avg. composition of a protein Assigns an antigenicity value for each amino acid from the relative occurrence of the amino acid in epitope Welling’s method B-Cell Epitope Prediction High antigencity value Extend to 11-13 aa Report Probable Low antigencity value

Karplus & Schultz Structural parameters Parker & Hodges method B-Cell Epitope Prediction HPLC from retention co-efficient of model synthetic peptides Hydrophilicity Janin’s scale Summing the ASA parameters for each residue of a seven-residue segment and assigning the sum to the fourth residue Surface profile Flexibility Predict Antigenicity

B-Cell Epitope Prediction Semi-empirical method Kolaskar & Tongaonkar’s method Frequencies of occurrence of amino acids in experimentally known epitopes Physiological properties of amino acid residues Data of 169 epitopes from 34 different proteins was collected of which 156 which have less than 20 aa per determinant It is available as Antigen under ExPaSy and in EMBOSS Suite Predict Validate

T-Cell Epitope Prediction Margalit, Spouge et al. method Considers Amphipathic helix segments (tetramer & pentamer motifs) A polar residue Charged residues &/ Glycine Hydrophobic residues 1 st amino acid 2 nd amino acid 3 rd amino acid &/ 4 th amino acid Predict Antigenicity

Rothbard & Taylor method T-Cell Epitope Prediction Immunodominant secondary structure capable of binding to MHC with high affinity Database of Sequence motifs 3D Structures Sequence based search Predict Antigenicity

Stille et al. method T-Cell Epitope Prediction Known MHC polymorphisms from HLA Identify anchor residues for different polymorphisms Construct Virtual matrices ……. ……. MHC polymorphism anchor residues Sequence based search with MHC polymorphism Predict Antigenicity

T-Cell Epitope Prediction MHC binding is based on molecular dynamic simulation Darren R Flower et al. method Calculate the free energy of binding for a given molecular system No reliance on known binding data, but based on de novo prediction Required Experimentally determined structure, or a homology model, of a MHC peptide complex

Databases & Prediction Servers SYFPEITHI MHCPEP JenPep FIMM MHCBN HLALigand/Motif database HIV Molecular Immunology database EPIMHC Prediction of MHC binding BIMAS SYFPEITHI PREDEPP Epipredict Predict Propred MHCPred NetMHC MHC-binding peptides databases

SYFPEITHI Epitope Prediction Server

Thank You For Your Attention !!!

Epitope prediction and its algorithms

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked (10)

Similar to Epitope prediction and its algorithms (20)

More from Prasanthperceptron (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Epitope prediction and its algorithms