Presentation: The Locomotor System
- 1. Year 5 By Rafael Rodríguez Pérez
- 3. Pictures game. Look at these pictures and answer in groups: What do you think you are going to learn? 0 El Carmonilla or Carbonilla: Carmona’s train in the past. X-ray Arm wrestling We are going to learn about…
- 4. All the systems are very important, but the _______ system and the ________ system work together to produce movement. Work in pairs. Read, look at the pictures and complete. 0 digestive system muscular system respiratory system nervous system skeletal system circulatory system
- 5. Individual activity. Circle the right letters in one minute. 0 SKELETAL SYSTEM MUSCULAR SYSTEM PQLTAOCKKSONMY WORAFATISOCOOLR SSCIENCEYSROCKS TAELOTMYEAH
- 7. Memory game & TPR. Look at the skeletal system and try to memorize all the bones in 2 minutes. 1
- 8. Memory game & TPR. Look at the skeletal system and try to memorize all the bones in 2 minutes. 1 Now, look at this blank diagram and point to the bones that your teacher names.
- 9. Memory game & TPR. Look at the skeletal system and try to memorize all the bones in 2 minutes. 1 Now, look at this blank diagram and point to the bones that your teacher names. - It’s very hot today and I am walking around Carmona. I am touching my cranium because it’s very hot. - I’m tired, so I am going to the ‘Paseo’ to sit down. Oh, no! My patella hurts. - I am not walking to the ‘Paseo’ because my tibia and my fibula hurt too. - OK, I can’t walk. I am going to sit down in this bench. But what’s that big insect? Oh, no! It’s a bee! I am running very fast! - But, hey! Where’s the bee? It’s inside my T-shirt! I can feel that it is touching my clavicle, my sternum, my ribs and my spinal column! - Please, move your humerus, your ulna and radius to call an ambulance. The emergency number is 112.
- 10. Use flaps to add this information: - The skeletal system gives our body its shape. - The skeletal system protects delicate organs, like the brain, lungs and heart. - There are over 200 bones in our body. - All bones are hard and rigid. - Bones can have different shapes: flat, long and short. Work in groups. Use an A3 sheet of paper to make up a matching game of the skeletal system. 1
- 11. a. Why do you think the cranium and ribs are curved? b. Why are vertebrae small bones? c. Are you using your bones now? The ends of bones are covered by a soft, elastic tissue called cartilage. Bones meet at joints where they are held together by ligaments. Ligaments are made of flexible tissue. In groups, prepare a 30-second explanation about bones. Numbered heads together. Answer these questions orally. 1 Cooperative reading. Read in groups, look and do. cartilage
- 13. 1-2-group. Watch this video and collect as much information about the muscular system as possible. 2 MUSCULAR SYSTEM
- 14. Rotatory sheet technique. You have 2 minutes to memorize these muscles. Later, write one muscle and pass the blank diagram around. 2
- 15. Rotatory sheet technique. You have 2 minutes to memorize these muscles. Later, write one muscle and pass the blank diagram around. 2
- 16. Work in groups. Complete your matching game poster with pieces of muscles to cover the bones. 2 TPR. In groups, play ‘Simon Says’. Simon says ‘touch your…’.
- 18. Silent demonstration technique. Look at this joint (elbow) and pay attention to your teacher’s demonstration. 3
- 19. - Take two post-it notes and write ‘It contracts’ and ‘It relaxes’. - Flex your arm and stick ‘It contracts’ on your biceps and ‘it relaxes’ on you triceps. - Extend your arm and switch the note papers. Answer orally: a. What happens to your biceps when you are flexing your arm? b. What happens to your triceps when you are flexing your arm? c. What muscles contract and relax when you are extending your leg? Silent demonstration technique. Look at this joint (elbow) and pay attention to your teacher’s demonstration. 3
- 21. I am writing because my ______________ sends an order to my muscles and they move. Incomplete dictation. 3
- 22. A lot of muscles work in pairs. When one muscle is contracting, the other one is relaxing. They are antagonist muscles. Rotatory sheet technique. Write a list with as many muscles as possible in one minute. Later, read this information and find 2 pairs of antagonist muscles in your list. 3
- 23. The muscular system consists of all the muscles in the body. Muscles are organs and can change in length and shape. When a muscle is relaxed, it is long and thin. When a muscle is contracted, it is shorter and thicker. There are about 640 muscles in our body. Muscles are joined to bones by tendons. INSTRUCTIONS 1st Peel the skin back. 2nd Look at the tendons and ligaments in the joints. 3rd Pull the triceps muscles. 4th Pull the biceps muscles. 5th Remove the muscles by cutting the tendons. 6th Identify the bones. Whole class experience. Read this information cooperatively and check how muscles work using a chicken wing. 3
- 25. a. Bone fractures: Bones are broken or cracked. Bones need to be held in place with a plaster cast. Sometimes, they need surgery using nails, screws or plates. b. Sprains: Ligaments are damaged. This is normally caused by twisting. Sprains are more common in joints (ankles, knees or wrists). c. Muscle strains: They consist of an involuntary and prolonged muscle contraction. They may be caused by excessive effort or bad posture. Numbered heads together. Read about these injuries to the locomotor system, think and match. 4
- 26. a. Which injuries affect bones? b. Which injuries affect muscles? c. Which injuries affect ligaments? d. What type of injury needs a plaster cast? e. Has anybody in your group ever had a plaster cast? f. In what parts of the body are sprains most common? All for one and one for all. Answer these questions cooperatively. Remember to make sure that everybody understands the question and the answer before going through the next one. 4
- 27. Debate. Read and debate: What is the best healthy habit for your locomotor system? 4 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY When you are playing sports, walking the dog, dancing or using the stairs, your locomotor system is developing elasticity and making your bones and muscles stronger. Remember to warm up and do stretching exercises before and after playing sports. SLEEP We need to sleep to look after our nervous system. Children need between 10 and 12 hours of sleep per day. When we sleep, our brain is classifying and storing information. Also memory abilities get better. If you don’t sleep, growth can be affected and illnesses can appear. HEALTHY DIET Our bones grow and they need calcium and vitamin D. Calcium makes our bones harder and vitamin D helps the body to absorb calcium. They are in milk and dairy products; in oily fish (sardines and salmon); and in some vegetables (broccoli). Sunlight is also an important source of vitamin D. GOOD POSTURE Bad postures can deform your spinal column, and cause back and joint pain and other problems. Sleep on your side with your legs bent. Sit down to get dressed and put on your socks. Carry your schoolbag over both shoulders. Pick things up with your knees bent and back straight. Sit up straight against the chair.
- 28. Example: I choose the boy that is riding a bike. - He is riding a bike very fast. - He is going to get a bone fracture. - He should ride his bike properly. Choose two of these people and write what he/she/they is/are doing in Present Continuous. Later, write what injuries they are going to get and what they should do. 4
- 29. We are not doctors, but can also help in emergency situations! Later, the person can receive professional medical treatment if necessary. WHAT CAN I DO WITH…? Read about basic first aid and draw. 4 CUTS 1. Using sterile gauze, press on the wound to stop the bleeding. 2. When it stops bleeding, clean the wound with water and soap. 3. Then, apply a disinfectant. When possible, wear sterile gloves. 4. Next, go to hospital. Stitches or the tetanus vaccine may be necessary.
- 30. WHAT CAN I DO WITH…? Read about basic first aid and draw. 4 BURNS 1. Cool the burn under cold water for a few minutes. Do NOT apply mud, oil, ointment, toothpaste, alcohol or any other thing to the burn. 2. If the burn looks serious, cover it with wet gauze until you can get medical attention. TRY TO STAY CALM!
- 31. Work in pairs. Complete the unit diagram. THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM SKELETAL SYSTEM - It gives us our _____. - It protects _____. - We have over _____ bones. - All bones are _____ and _____. - Bone shapes: ____, ____ and _____. - _____ are organs. - They can change in _____ and _____. - Muscles can _____ and contract. MUSCULAR SYSTEM INJURIES _____ Bone _____ Muscle _____ JOINTS -Bones are connected by _____. -They move. -Muscles and bones are connected by _____.