Zero and first conditionals and future time clauses
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This document outlines different structures for conditional sentences in English. It discusses conditional sentences using "if" to express consequences, with the first part using the present simple tense and the second part using the present simple or future tenses. It also covers conditional sentences using "unless" meaning "if not". Finally, it discusses time clauses referring to the future using words like "when", "before", "as soon as", "until", and "after" followed by the present simple tense.
Zero and first conditionals and future time clauses
- 2. Something is always true as a consequence of something else/universal truths. Basic: If+present simple (1st part)/ present simple (2nd part): Ex.: If pure water is cooled below zero degrees, it freezes Other present tenses are also possible (continuous and perfect): Ex.: If you haven’t fallen in love, you don’t know what happiness means. If you are speaking in class, nobody can hear anything.
- 3. For something possible in the present or future: Basic: IF+ present simple (1st part) +will+infinitive without to or imperative (2nd part) Ex: If you study, you’ll pass. If you don’t study, don’t cry later! All present tenses are possible in the 1st part and all future tenses in the 2nd part. Ex: If you’ve come to class, the exam isn’t going to be difficult. If you are not going to class, I’m not going either. UNLESS+ present simple (1st part)=If not Ex.: Unless you work harder, you won’t pass
- 4. For time clauses that refer to the future: PRESENT SIMPLE (or other present tenses: continous, perfect) after: When: Ex: Call me when you get home Before: I always have a big lunch before I go to my English class As soon as: Call me as soon as you’ve received the cheque. Until: I won’ t stop studying English until I speak it fluently After: After I finish my English course, I´ll go and live in London. In case: Take your umbrella, in case it’s raining when you leave.