petroleum programe (ENGLISH FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY)
- 1. The Petroleum Programme ENGLISH FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY Presented & Preparator by : M . Jalalvand B.Sc. Petroleum Production Engineering Member of Society of Petroleum Engineer (SPE) Member of Iranian Petroleum Institute (IPI) Member of BPJ
- 3. Section A Reading comprehension: • Oil is contained in rocks under the ground and in rocks under the sea. To find it, oilmen have to drill boreholes. The equipment for drilling these holes is the drilling rig. • Most rigs work on the rotary system. A bit rotates at the end of a pipe. As the bit rotates, it cuts and crushes the rock at the Bottom of the hole. The cuttings are carried to the surface by a special fluid. This fluid is called ‘mud’. Mud is a mixture of clay, water and chemicals.
- 5. • Look at the diagram of the rotary rig. Notice the string. This is made up of ‘joint’ or ‘single’. Each joint or single is a hallow section of pipe (30 ft). The string is made up of a number of these singles, all joined together. • The bit is connected to the bottom of the string. At the top of the string there is a special pipe called the ‘Kelly. The Kelly isn’t round, but hexagonal. It fits into a hexagonal hole in the rotary table. • The rotary table turns the Kelly, the Kelly turns the string and the string turns the rotary bit.
- 6. • Mud is not only used for carrying the cuttings up to the surface. It is also used for keeping the bit cool. • The mud is pumped down through the annulus. The mud engineer or ‘mud man ‘is in charge of the mud. • For example, he tells the floor men how to mix the mud at the mud tanks.
- 7. • It is often necessary to pull the string out of the hole. • There are different reasons for this. Perhaps, for example the drill bit is dull. • If the bit is dull, it must be changed. To do this, the driller and the floor man must trip the pipe.
- 8. They must pull the string out (a), change the bit (b), and then run the string back into the Hole (c). Tripping the pipe is also called making a round trip. Round trips are expensive. Oilman makes them only if they must. a b c
- 9. Special Words & Expression 1 • Boreholes In the petroleum industry , the words ‘borehole’ ,’hole’ ,’well’ and ‘oil well’ usually mean the same thing . • Rotary turning like a wheel. • Rotates turns around and around like a wheel. • Crushes breaks up into small pieces, using great power. • Cutting the pieces of rock drilled by the bit. • Fluid anything that flows. Liquids, gases and melted substances are all fluids. • Clay an earthy material, plastic when it is wet. • The most common clay in drilling fluid is Bentonite. Bentonite consists of calcium (ca), magnesium (Mg), and aluminum (Al). • Hollow having an empty space on the inside. • Drill pipe is hollow, so that mud can pass through it.
- 10. • Hexagonal having six angles and six sides. • Floor men workers on a rig .floor man are also called ‘roughnecks’. A mud man or driller can tell a floor man what to do. • Dull not sharp; worn out; gone. If the bit is gone, it must be changed. • Driller the person in charge of the drilling. • Floor men workers on a rig .floor man are also called ‘roughnecks’. A mud man or driller can tell a floor man what to do • Dull not sharp; worn out; gone. If the bit is gone, it must be changed. • Driller the person in charge of the drilling. Cross section Cross section A hexagon
- 11. 1)Mud Tank حفاري گل مخزن حفاري گل سازي ذخيره جهت كه حمل قابل فلزي مخازن حفاري گل جهت چاله حفر امكان كه مكانهايي در گردد مي استفاده مقدورنباشد. 2)Shale Shakers تكاننده كه است پيوسته خطي لرزشي حركت داراييك تكانندهبراي گيرد مي قرار استفاده مورد گل از جامد ذرات جداسازي. 3)Suction line مكش خط قسمت به و كرده خارج مخزن از را محصول يك كه خطي ش مي ناميده پركننده خط همچنين ،فرستد مي پمپ مكشود. 4)Mud Pump گل پمپ حف گل گردش براي كه بزرگي برگشتي و رفت پمپبر اري شود مي استفاده حفاري دكل روي.
- 12. • 7) Draw work دكل آالت ماشين ، برق تامين ، كالچها ، محور ، كابل ، باالبر محور براي جمعي نام شود مي استفاده حفاري دكل در كه االت ماسين ساير و ترمزها. • 8) Stand Pipe ايستا لوله باال حفاري تيرك يا حفاري دكل كناره درامتداد كه عمودي لوله يكمي و ميكند متصل چرخشي خرطومي به را لجن پمپ خروجي خط و رود شود مي پمپ گودال داخل به لجن آن ازدرون. • 9) Kelly hose/Rotary hose حفاري گل خرطومي شيلنگ ت طريق از كه حفاري سيال كه دوراني حفاري دكل روي شيلنگيلمبه چندپر هاي لوله و هرزگرد سمت به ايستاده هاي لوله و حفاري گلمي كند مي هدايت را روند. • 10) Gooseneck زانويي 9 7
- 13. • 11) Travelling block متحرک بلوک پيچ آن به حفاری کابل که ها قرقره چرخ و ها قرقره از آرايش يکيده شود می. • Hook قالب • 12) Drilling line حفاري كابل • 13) Crown block تاج بلوک • 14) Derrick دكل(حفاري سكوي) • 15) Monkey board زياد ارتفاع در كاري پالتفرم حفاري دكل كارگران به مربوط كاري سكوي • 16) Drill Pipe حفاري لوله 11 16 13
- 14. • Drill collar مته طوق(وزني لوله) • 17) Pipe Rack لوله جاي • 18) Swivel گردان مفصل کاربردها. :حفاری ساقه وزن تحمل,چرخش و دوران امکان ايجاد حفاری ساقه • 20) Rotary table/Drilling table حفاري ميز/دوار صفحه 18 20 17
- 15. • Rotary دورانی چرخشی يک حول دورانی حرکت دورانی حرکت با آن در که است حفاری متد کند می خرد را ها سنگ محور. • 23) Blowout Preventer (BOP) فوران از كننده ممانعت • 25) Drill string حفاري لوله رشته سرمت آنها انتهاي در كه باشد مي يكديگر به متصل هاي لوله شامله است گرفته قرار.
- 16. • 26) Drill bit مته سر • Drilling mud حفاري گل كند مي گردش چاه داخل كه ديگر افزودني مواد و آب از مخلوطي. حفاري هاي خرده انتقال ، مته سر سازي خنك مخلوط اين وظيفه و چاه ديواره ريزش از جلوگيري ، ها صخره و ها سنگ از شده باشد مي هيدروكربوني مواد فوران كردن دفع. • Mud pit گل گودال حين در ها سيال موقت ذخيره براي زمين سطح در كه اي چاله است شده كنده حفاري عمليات. • Mud Return Line لجن برگشت خط(الي و گل) و چاه سوراخ در سطحي اتصاالت مابين كه لوله يا آبشخور يك لجن آن ميان از و گردد مي مستقر زا نفت هاي سنگ لرزاننده ميشود بازگردانده سطح به سوراخ داخل از حفاري از حاصل. 26