![24 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Route Selection – Physical Environment
Currents
Systems, tidal,
delta, loop
Surface
Waves
Wind induced
• Shallow water, breaking
• Bathymetry, refraction,
wave crest orthogonality
Internal
• Pycnocline [density]
ø (water temp., salinity)
Ref: NASA (2005)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/02-pipelinesystemsengineeringandroutingconsiderations-130709123444-phpapp01/85/02-pipeline-systems-engineering-and-routing-considerations-24-320.jpg)
![30 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Reading List
1. Chaudhuri, J and Nash, I. (2005).
Medgaz: the ultra-deep pipeline. Pipeline
World, June, 10p.
[2005_Pipeline_World_06_Medgaz_Pipe
line.pdf]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/02-pipelinesystemsengineeringandroutingconsiderations-130709123444-phpapp01/85/02-pipeline-systems-engineering-and-routing-considerations-30-320.jpg)
02 pipeline systems engineering and routing considerations
- 1. Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Assistant Professor Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland spkenny@engr.mun.ca ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 02: Pipeline Systems Engineering and Routing Considerations
- 2. 2 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Lecture 02 Objective To provide an overview of subsea pipeline systems engineering and key factors in pipeline routing
- 3. 3 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Pipeline Systems Primary Function Product Transport Liquid hydrocarbons Natural gas Natural gas liquids Water Chemicals Key Elements Product type Delivery rate Operating pressure Distance from field development to market Current and future demand/capacity
- 4. 4 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Pipeline Transportation Systems Flowlines Field development to a subsea manifold or production facility Gathering Lines Connecting multiple flowlines to a production facility Export Pipeline Transport from a production facility to domestic or international market
- 5. 5 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Project Phases
- 6. 6 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Systematic Approach Management Project execution plan Technical Development plan Design basis Safety plan Auxiliary Project summary Economic benefits plan Environmental impact assessment Socio-economic impact assessment
- 7. 7 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Project Execution Plan Overview Early stage, live document, project wide Client objectives, drivers and risk tolerance Primary Components Project scope and deliverables Organizational hierarchy, roles and responsibilities Execution strategies for engineering, quality, procurement, construction, commissioning and safety Project schedule Integrated communication protocols and decision making processes
- 8. 8 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Design Basis Overview Early stage, live document, project wide Clear, complete and authoritative reference Primary Components Pipeline system overview Operational parameters Environmental and physical data Materials engineering Design issues and constraints Design methodology and philosophy
- 9. 9 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Major Design Issues Product Characterization Route Selection Materials Selection Hydraulic Analysis Mechanical Design Coatings Components and Assemblies Constructability and Intervention Operation, Inspection and Repair Decommissioning and Abandonment
- 10. 10 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Major Cost Factors Linepipe Tonnage Material Transportation Length • Alignment & heading changes Example ≈ US$25k / WT(mm)-D(m)-L(km) 762mm OD; 100km; 17.1mm⇒22.2mm WT ≈ US$10M differential Ref: SEIC (2005)
- 11. 11 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Major Cost Factors (cont.) Vessel Selection Performance Water depth range Tension limits Construction Vessel Time Alignment, heading angle Stinger change-out Platform, landfall approach Crossings, interactions Monitored, restricted lay operations Ref: Saipem (2006) Castoro Sei
- 12. 12 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Major Cost Factors (cont.) Route Intervention Activities Dredging Trenching Pre-sweeping Rock dumping Span correction Ref: Saipem (2006)
- 13. 13 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Overview Pipeline Route Characterization Landfall and platform approaches Length, kilometer post and intermediate stations Changes in alignment and elevation profile System Environment Characterization Political and social factors Physical and environmental factors Engineered systems
- 14. 14 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Critical Activity Upfront Planning and Assessment Desk study • “Ounce of prevention >> pound of cure” Utilize available resources • Regulator and operator experience & lessons learned • Government departments & agencies • New technologies, data acquisition & historical archives Uncertainty • Prioritize and plan for engineering surveys
- 15. 15 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Politics Landfall and Platform Approaches Ref: Saipem (2006) Ref: Lanan (2007) Ref: BHP (2005)
- 16. 16 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Politics Regional and International Scope Political, civil or military instability Jurisdictions & regulations Archaeological, historical significance Examples • Black Sea • Europipe • Oman–India • Medgaz • Vancouver Island & Georgia Strait Ref: Saipem (2006)
- 17. 17 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Remote Sensing Ref: Hansen (2005) Ref: Google (2005)
- 18. 18 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Existing Data Ref: EnCana (2002)
- 19. 19 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Sensitive Areas Environmental Significant or sensitive ecosystem • Wetlands, estuaries, northern environments Resident habitat Breeding grounds Migration patterns Cumulative effects Military Zones Ref: EnCana (2002)
- 20. 20 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Seabed Characteristics Bathymetry & Slope Soil Properties Type Index & strength Spatial distribution W F Ref: NOAA (2005) Ref: BCOG (2001)
- 21. 21 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Seabed Characteristics Significant Features Ref: Hydro (2005) Ref: Hansen (2005)
- 22. 22 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Seabed Characteristics Seabed Mobility Sediment transport Sandwave migration Scour Ref: Heap (2004)
- 23. 23 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Seabed Hazards Seismic Faulting Liquefaction Mass Slides Spreads Falls Flows Subsurface Shallow gas • Pockmarks • Subsidence Subsea vents • Pinnacles Ref: Trifunac et al. (2002) Ref: BCOG (2001)
- 24. 24 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Physical Environment Currents Systems, tidal, delta, loop Surface Waves Wind induced • Shallow water, breaking • Bathymetry, refraction, wave crest orthogonality Internal • Pycnocline [density] ø (water temp., salinity) Ref: NASA (2005)
- 25. 25 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Physical Environment Seabed Use and Obstacles Oil and gas industry developments Communications Mobile and fixed gear fishing zones Shipping traffic lanes Military exercise zones Military/civilian dumping grounds Mining, dredging zones Expected or anticipated future operations, developments Shipwrecks
- 26. 26 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Physical Environment Unique Features – Ice Gouging
- 27. 27 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Physical Environment Unique Features – Ice Gouging
- 28. 28 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Physical Environment Unique Features – Strudel Scour Ref: MMS (2005)
- 29. 29 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Route Selection – Physical Environment Unique Features – Permafrost Ref: NRCan (2005)
- 30. 30 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Reading List 1. Chaudhuri, J and Nash, I. (2005). Medgaz: the ultra-deep pipeline. Pipeline World, June, 10p. [2005_Pipeline_World_06_Medgaz_Pipe line.pdf]
- 31. 31 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 02© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. References BCOG (2001). BC Offshore Oil & Gas Technology Update. JWEL Project No. BCV50229, October 19, 2001 BHP (2005). http://www.bhpbilliton.com EnCana (2002). Development Plan – Revised Volume 2, Deep Panuke Offshore Gas Development Project, 142p. Google (2005). earth.google.com Hansen, B. (2005). How Hydro’s Ormen Lange Project Can Contribute to the Development of the Russian Arctic. Proc., IBC Arctic Oil and Gas Development Conference, Challenges and Opportunities – The Technology Solution, London, UK. Heap, A. (2004). “Shifting sands the clue to the vanishing seagrasses.” AusGEO, 75 September, p.32-34. Hydro (2005). http://www.hydro.com/ormenlange/en Lanan, G. (2007). Offshore Arctic Pipeline Operations. Proc., IBC Offshore Oil and Gas in Arctic and Cold Waters Conference, Stavanger, Norway Saipem (2006). http://www.saipem.eni.it/index.asp SEIC (2005). http://www.sakhalinenergy.com/ Trifunac, M.D., A. Hayir and M.I. Todorovska (2002) “Was Grand Banks event of 1929 a slump spreading in two directions?” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 22, pp.349-360. MMS (2005). www.mms.gov NASA (2005). http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ NOAA (2005). Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, http://www.oar.noaa.gov/ NRCan (2005). http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/inter/index_e.html