03. language of computer & translators
- 1. THE LANGUAGE OF COMPUTER Binary Numbers
- 2. Youtube Video Link: • Audio / Video Presentation (Language – English) – Link: https://youtu.be/OihTQZ6ryhk • Audio / Video Presentation (Language – Hindi) – Link: https://youtu.be/C4t-GTWOPxY
- 3. Binary number system was devised by Gottfried Leibniz in 1679 The use of binary In the 1937 Claude Shannon (the father of “information theory”) had proposed that the use of binary arithmetic and boolean logic should be used with electronic circuits The Von-Neumann architecture by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann in 1945
- 4. Binary Numbers • Computers understand binary language / machine language • Combinations of 1's and 0's that represent characters of other languages • Don’t make the mistake of thinking that little 1's and 0's are running around inside of the computer. We humans prefer to think of 1's and 0's because it’s easier than visualizing positive and negative current flows or open and closed circuits which is what actually happens inside computers.
- 5. The memory chips in your computer are divided into thousands of tiny compartments called bits. Each and every bit has an electronic switch, or gate. ON means the gate is open and letting electricity through.
- 6. That’s right! The only information your computer can understand is ON (1) and OFF (0)! They are symbolized by 1’s and 0’s. All the information that moves through your computer is based on 2 commands. That’s all, just two. The millions of combinations of those two commands given in series are what makes your computer work.
- 7. Binary Numbers • A combination of eight bits represents one character in our language. • One character in our language (eight bits) is referred to as a byte. (For example: 01000001 is a byte that represents an uppercase A; each 1 or 0 is a bit) - to bring standardization ‘American Standard Code for Information Interchange’ developed numerical representation of a character - ASCII code Here is an example of Binary Code: When you type in the letter A on your keyboard, electrical signals are sent from the keyboard to the CPU. The CPU turns the signals into Binary Code. Then the computer reads the code and sends it on to the monitor to display the letter A. All of that happens in an instant!
- 8. So what about Kilobytes, Megabytes and Gigabytes???? Kilobytes (KB), Megabytes (MB), and Gigabytes (GB) • If you understand that a byte is one character in our language, you’ve got it made because: • 1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte = (210 ) = (~1,000 characters = 1 kilobyte) • ~1,000,000 bytes = 1 megabyte (1,000,000 characters = 1 megabyte) • ~1,000,000,000 bytes = 1 gigabyte (1,000,000,000 characters = 1 gigabyte)
- 9. Megabytes and Gigabytes One megabyte equals one million bytes. So, a computer with 512 megabytes of RAM (Random Access Memory) means the computer can handle 512,000,000 (512 million) bytes of RAM. Hard disk space is also measured in bytes. So, a 200 GB Hard Disk Drive has 200,000,000,000 (200 billion) bytes for storing memory!
- 10. To get an idea of how much on/off (1/0) data a computer can store, imagine pressing any key 1 billion times. How long would it take? You would have to press a key 5 times a second non-stop for over 6 YEARS to reach 1 billion keystrokes. One billion keystrokes equals just 1 GB of memory! Think about that the next time you think a webpage is loading too slowly!
- 11. THE LANGUAGE OF COMPUTER • Low Level Language – Machine Language – Assembly Language – symbols & codes • High Level Language
- 12. Translators - usually included within programming software - convert high-level code into machine code. Translators are assemblers, interpreters or compilers. • Assembler: An assembler translates assembly language into machine code (also known as source code). Assembly language is a low-level language written in mnemonics that closely reflects the operations of the CPU. Translators
- 13. Compiler A compiler translates the whole program into machine code before the program is run. It can be difficult to test individual lines of compiled code compared to interpreted languages as all bugs are reported after the program has been compiled. Eg: Exe Files Eg: Compiler – Subtitles ; Translators
- 14. Interpreter An interpreter translates code into machine code, instruction by instruction - the CPU executes each instruction before the interpreter moves on to translate the next instruction. Interpreted code will show an error as soon as it hits a problem, so it is easier to debug than compiled code. Eg: Interpreter – Speech translation real time ; Translators
- 15. Thank You