05.m3 cms list-ofwebserver
- 1. IT2032PA Content Management System (CMS) Nitec in Social Media & Web Technology
- 2. List of Web Servers In this chapter, you will learn: o What is a web server? o Identify the common features of a web server o Identify the difference between a Kernel-mode and user-mode web servers o Identify the top web servers (software) used in the Internet
- 3. Web Server Web Server can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the computer application) that helps to deliver Web content that can be accessed through the Internet
- 4. Web Server • Common Usage of a Web Server o Host websites o Gaming o Data storage o Run enterprise applications o receiving content from clients
- 5. Web Server Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) o protocol that is being used by WWW o deliver web pages on the request to clients o means delivery of HTML documents
- 6. Web Server Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) o protocol that is being used by WWW o deliver web pages on the request to clients o means delivery of HTML documents Hyper Text Mark-up Language (HTML) o display content using a web (content) browser
- 7. Web Server Support server-side scripting o Active Server Pages (ASP), o PHP o Phyton o PERL/CGI o JAVA Applet • Can also be found embedded in devices such as printers, routers, webcams and serving only a local network
- 8. History • Do you know this guys?
- 9. History • Tim Berners-Lee o 1989 – proposed a project with the goal of easing the exchange of information o 1990 – wrote 2 programs • A browser called WorldWideWeb • CERN httpd (ran on NeXTSTEP) o 1991 – 1994 – • simplicity and effectiveness of early technologies help to port them to diff OS o 1994 – World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • to regulate the further development of the many technologies involved (HTTP, HTML, XML, etc.)
- 10. Web Server • Common Features o Virtual hosting o Large file support (>2GB on 32bit OS) o Bandwidth throttling o Server-side scripting
- 11. Web Server Path Translation A local file system resource (static requests) o URL as it would be requested by a client: http://www.example.com/path/file.html o Browser would translate it as: GET /path/file.html HTTP/1.1 (location of the files) from HOST: www.example.com On Apache Server: /home/www – location of the file On UNIX System: /var/www Result is: /home/www/path/file.html
- 12. Web Server - Path Translation Static requests or Dynamic requests 1. URL as it would be requested by a client: http://www.example.com/path/file.html 2. Browser would translate it as: GET /path/file.html HTTP/1.1 (location of the files) from HOST: www.example.com On Apache Server: /home/www – location of the file On UNIX System: /var/www Result is: /home/www/path/file.html
- 13. Web Server - Path Translation Static requests or Dynamic requests 3. Web server then reads the file 4. Sends a response to the client's Web browser 5. Response is: • Describe the content of the file (HTML page) • Error message
- 14. Web Server – Kernel Mode A web server can be either implemented into the OS kernel, or in user space In-kernel web server (Linux or Microsoft IIS) o Work faster – part of the system o it can directly use all the hardware resources • non-paged memory • CPU time-slices • network adapters • buffers
- 15. Web Server – User Mode A web server can be either implemented into the OS kernel, or in user space User Mode web server o ask the system the permission to use more memory or more CPU resources o it takes time to make the request o request is not always satisfied • system reserves resources for its own usage • responsibility to share hardware resources with all the other running applications
- 16. Web Server – Load Limits • Can serve only a certain maximum number of requests per second depending on: o its own settings, o the HTTP request type, o whether the content is static or dynamic, o whether the content is cached, and o the hardware and software limitations of the OS of the computer on which the web server runs.
- 17. Web Server – Load Limits • Limited number of concurrent client connections o usually between 2 and 80,000 o by default between 500 and 1,000 per IP address When a web server is near to or over its limits, it becomes unresponsive
- 18. Web Server Causes of Overloads • Too much legitimate web traffic. • DoS or DDoS attack • Computer worms • XSS viruses • Internet bots • Internet (network) slowdowns • Web servers (computers) partial unavailability
- 19. Web Server Symptoms of overload • Requests are served with long delays • HTTP error code (ie 404 error) • Refuses or resets (interrupts) TCP connections before it returns any content. • Returns only a part of the requested content
- 20. Web Server Anti-overload technique • managing network traffic by using: o Firewall o HTTP traffic managers o Bandwidth management and traffic shaping • deploying Web cache techniques • using different domain names to serve different content • using different domain names and/or computers
- 21. Web Server Anti-overload technique • using many web servers (program) / computer • using many web servers (computers) • adding more hardware resources • tuning OS parameters for hardware capabilities and usage • using more efficient computer programs for web servers • using other workarounds, especially if dynamic content is involved
- 22. Web Server Market Shares Web Sites Product Vendor Percent Hosted Apache Apache 397,867,089 64.91% IIS Microsoft 88,210,995 14.39% nginx Igor Sysoev 60,627,200 9.89% GWS Google 19,394,196 3.16% Resin Caucho Technology 4,700,000 0.77%
- 23. Web Servers • Apache HTTP Server is web server software notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web. o developed and maintained by an open community of developers - Apache Software Foundation o run on a Unix-like operating system o available for a wide variety of operating systems o open-source software
- 24. Web Servers • IIS (Internet Information Server) A group of Internet servers (Web, HTTP FTP) with additional capabilities for Windows OS Server o includes a set of programs for building and administering Web sites o a search engine o support for writing Web-based applications that access databases o Integrated with Windows OS Servers
- 25. Web Servers • NGINX provides a unique combination of web server, caching proxy and load balancing solution o enabled more performance, scalability, reliability and security to organizations o the 2nd most popular open source web server
- 26. Web Servers • GWS (Google Web Server) Server types divided in several types, each assigned to a different purpose: o Google Web Server • coordinate the execution of queries sent by users, then format the result into an HTML page o Data-gathering servers • spidering the Web (GoogleBot) o Index server • They return a list of document IDs ("docid") – query word
- 27. Web Servers • GWS (Google Web Server) Server types o Document servers • store documents. o Ad servers • manage advertisements offered by services (AdSense) o Spelling server • make suggestions about the spelling of queries
- 28. Web Servers • Resin A web server and Java application server from Caucho Technology. o supports the Java EE standard as well as a mod_php/PHP o Resin Professional o Resin Open Source • feature limited open source version of the open core Resin Professional version • designed for hobbyists, developers, and low traffic web sites