1. An Overview of Gas Turbine.ppt PowerPoint pre
- 1. An Overview of Gas Turbine Power Plant & It’s Auxiliaries Presented by: Engr. Md. Arifur Rahman Deputy Manager (XEN) (Operation) 7th Unit, Ghorashal Power Station BPDB, Palash, Narshingdi. Phone : +88-01313096176
- 2. What is Gas Turbine? A gas turbine (GT), also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. a streamlined alternative to traditional reciprocating piston engines. It has an up stream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in between.
- 4. Working of a Gas Turbine Gas Turbine operates by compressing incoming air, mixing it with fuel, igniting the mixture, and then allowing the high-speed exhaust gases to drive a turbine. This technology finds extensive use in aircraft engines, power plants, and various industrial applications, providing efficient and reliable power generation and propulsion.
- 5. Types of GT Gas turbines are classified into various types based on their applications and design features such as: 1. Open-Cycle Gas Turbine 2. Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine 3. Combined Cycle Gas Turbine 4. Aero-Derivative Gas Turbine 5. Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine 6. Micro-Turbine
- 6. 1. Open-Cycle Gas Turbine • In this type of gas turbine, air is drawn into the compressor, where it is compressed, then mixed with fuel and ignited in the combustion chamber. The hot gases are then directed through the turbine, which drives the compressor and the generator. Open-cycle gas turbines are commonly used for peak power generation and in aviation applications.
- 7. 2. Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine: • In this type of gas turbine, the working fluid is a gas, such as helium, which is heated in a heat exchanger using an external heat source, such as a nuclear reactor. The hot gas is then directed through the turbine, which drives the compressor and the generator. Closed-cycle gas turbines are commonly used in nuclear power plants and in space applications.
- 8. 3. Combined Cycle Gas Turbine • In this type of gas turbine, the exhaust gases from an open-cycle gas turbine are directed to a heat recovery steam generator, where they are used to produce steam, which drives a steam turbine. The combined cycle gas turbine is a highly efficient system, commonly used in power plants.
- 9. 4. Aeroderivative Gas Turbine: • This type of gas turbine is based on a jet engine, and it is designed to be compact and lightweight, making it suitable for use in mobile and marine applications. Aeroderivative gas turbines are commonly used in aircraft propulsion, marine propulsion, and in mobile power generation.
- 10. 5. Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine: • This type of gas turbine is designed for high power output and is commonly used in power generation and industrial applications, such as in petrochemical plants and oil refineries.
- 11. 6.Microturbine: • This type of gas turbine is small in size and is designed for distributed power generation, such as in remote locations or for backup power. Microturbines are commonly used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications.
- 12. Merits of GT over Reciprocating Engine 1. The weight of gas turbine per H.P. developed is less than that of an I.C. engine. 2. A gas turbine does not require a flywheel as the torque on the shaft is continuous and uniform. Whereas a flywheel is a must in case of an I.C. engine. 3. The gas turbine can be driven at a very high speeds (40,000 r.p.m.) whereas this is not possible with I.C. engines. 4. The exhaust from gas turbine is less polluting comparatively since excess air is used for combustion 5. Because of low specific weight the gas turbines are particularly suitable for use in aircrafts.
- 13. Dimerits of GT over Reciprocating Engine 1. The thermal efficiency of a simple turbine cycle is low (20 to 35%) as compared with I.C. engines (25 to 45%). 2. With wide operating speeds the fuel control is comparatively difficult. 3. Due to higher operating speeds of the turbine, it is imperative to have a speed reduction device. 4. It is difficult to start a gas turbine as compared to an I.C. engine. 5. The gas turbine blades need a special cooling system.
- 14. THE GAS TURBINE CYCLE The basic 4 steps for a Gas Turbine is: 1. Intake of air (and possibly fuel) – inlet section 2. Compression of the air (and possibly fuel). – compressor section 3. Combustion, where fuel is injected (if it was not drawn in with the intake air) and burned to convert the stored energy. – Combustion Chamber 4. Expansion and exhaust, where the converted energy is put to use. – Turbine Section Lets see a video on how GT Works: How Gas Turbines Work_ (Detailed Video).mp4
- 15. Brayton Cycle
- 16. Plant Functional Schematic Air Air Intake
- 17. Cycle
- 18. Plant Functional Schematic Air Air Intake
- 19. Gas Turbine components • Inlet system: Collects and directs air into the gas turbine. Often, an air cleaner and silencer are part of the inlet system. It is designated for a minimum pressure drop while maximizing clean airflow into the gas turbine. • Compressor: Provides compression, and, thus, increases the air density for the combustion process. The higher the compression ratio, the higher the total gas turbine efficiency . Low compressor efficiencies result in high compressor discharge temperatures, therefore, lower gas turbine output power. • Combustor: Adds heat energy to the airflow. The output power of the gas turbine is directly proportional to the combustor firing temperature; i.e., the combustor is designed to increase the air temperature up to the material limits of the gas turbine while maintaining a reasonable pressure drop.
- 20. Gas Turbine components Power Turbine: Converts the flow energy from the gas into useful shaft output work. The higher the temperature difference across the power turbine, the more shaft output power is available. Turbine has 3 – 5 Stages to Optimize Efficiency and First (2), or(3) or (4) Stages Cooled by Air Bled from the Compressor Stages. Exhaust System: Exhaust to discharge the gas After Extracting Work to the stacks Often a silencer is part of the exhaust system. Similar to the inlet system, the exhaust system is designed for minimum pressure losses. Generator: Generators are 3-Phase wye Connected 50 Hz Totally Enclosed Hydrogen Cooled Synchronous Machines Suitably Rated