1. ATTITUDE presentation for general class
- 1. ATTITUDE
- 2. THE ICEBERG The Iceberg phenomena is also applicable on human beings…
- 4. THE ICEBERG How much do you see of an iceberg???
- 5. THE ICEBERG
- 6. THE ICEBERG ONLY 10% OF ANY ICEBERG IS VISIBLE. THE REMAINING 90% IS BELOW SEA LEVEL.
- 7. Concept An attitude is a hypothetical construct that represents an individual’s degree of like or dislike for an item. Attitudes are generally positive or negative views of a person, place, thing, or event this is often referred to as the attitude object.
- 9. Components of Attitudes COGNITIVE opinion or beliefs about attitude object AFFECTIVE emotions and feelings the object triggers (pos & neg) BEHAVIORAL reaction toward the object
- 10. Components of attitudes: Tripartite View
- 11. Positive Attitude the predisposition that results in desirable outcomes for individuals and organizations. Negative Attitude: The tendency of a person that result in an undesirable outcome for individuals and organizations.
- 12. Attitude Object: EMPLOYEE COGNITIONS My pay is low. My supervisor is unfair. AFFECTS I am angry over how little I’m paid. I dislike my supervisor. BEHAVIORS I am going to look for another job that pays better. I am looking for another job.
- 15. Attitudes, Behavior & Consistency People try maintain consistency between their different attitudes. People try maintain consistency between attitudes and behavior. Altering their attitudes or behavior, developing a rationalization for their discrepancy.
- 16. Theories of attitude change Cognitive dissonance Theory Self Perception Theory
- 17. Functions of Attitudes Value-Expressive Function enable us to express who we are and what we believe in. Ego-defensive function Enable us to project internally-held conflicts on to others means protecting self-esteem (e.g., homophobia) Knowledge Function enable us to know the world Utilitarian/Instrumental Function Enable us to gain rewards and avoid punishment
- 18. Cognitive Dissonance Theory Desire to reduce dissonance depends on importance of elements creating the dissonance. Degree of influence over the elements Rewards involve in the dissonance
- 19. Cognitive Dissonance Theory If there is an inconsistency between two attitudes or between attitudes and behavior People seek to make them consistent Achieve a stable state with minimum of dissonance
- 20. Do Attitudes cause Behavior? Answer: Not very well! Attitudes have a stronger affect on behavior if they are Important Specific Accessible Social pressure reinforces the attitude. You have experience with the attitude.
- 22. Self-Perception Theory Attitudes do not cause behavior, behavior causes attitudes Attitudes are formed after the fact to make sense out of behavior that already occurred
- 23. Why Might Attitudes Matter at Work? Because attitudes to work and/or employing organization might affect. Whether a person seeks a new job How co-operative they are with others at work Whether they present a positive image of the organization to clients or customers How they react to change How hard they work (motivation) Their psychological or physical health
- 25. TYPES OF ATTITUDES There are many types of attitudes. But here we limit to only to the work related issues. The job related attitudes are classified as: a) Job involvement b) Organizational Commitment c) Job Satisfaction
- 27. Organizational Commitment It’s a state in which an employee identifies himself with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization. It depicts the level of attachment of the individual towards the organization.
- 28. Job Involvement Measures the degree to which a person identifies himself psychologically with his job and considers his perceived performance level important to self worth. Performance of the employees is directly related to the amount of job involvement.
- 29. Job Satisfaction This is the individual’s attitude towards one’s job. The level of the satisfaction differs from one job to another and also from one individual to other.
- 30. The Choice is YOURS With a Bad attitude you can never have a positive day With a Positive attitude you can never have a bad day
- 31. How can we develop our personality and attitude? We can do this through: Self image and self reformation Education and hard work Discipline and organization Belief in goodness’s and truth and many more.
- 32. Conclusions Attitudes do not predict single behaviors Attitudes are related to multiple behaviors (behavioral patterns) Attitudes influence behavior through influencing intention Intention is the better predicator of behavior In order to understand intentions and behaviors, need to know about beliefs and attitudes. This is essential in relation to attitude change