1. What type of research uses numeric measurement data (Points .docx

1. What type of research uses numeric measurement data?
(Points : 3)
2. What type of research uses a research hypothesis? (Points : 3)
3. What type of research does not use statistical data analysis?
(Points : 3)
4. What type of research preempts all other types of research
endeavors? (Points : 3)
5. Business research is a type of ________________ inquiry.
(Points : 3)
6. What are the three main types of non-probability sampling
used in business research? (Points : 3)
7. In a situation where in a confidence level .01 what percent of
the measurement results are left to chance? (Points : 3)
8. What is the most important ingredient in a statistical testing
procedure? (Points : 3)
9. If a production manager wanted to determine whether or not
the first shift was processing more widgets than the second
shift, what type of statistical process would be used? (Points :

3)
10. What type of t test seeks to determine whether or not a
relationship exists in one sample over two conditions?
_______________ (Points : 3)
11.
Which of the examples below represent the Ratio level of
scaling?
A) A high temperature of 83 degrees Fahrenheit
B) A survey result that 24 students work full time, 36, part
time.
C) Bill is consistently rated most effective communicator of his
group.
D) Gallup says that 60% of the voters support the incumbent.
E) Pick up three pounds of ground beef please.
F) Patty acts as expected based on her first-born family
position.
G) Seattle at an altitude of 67 feet is higher than Death Valley
at an altitude of – 120.
H) The door is 37 inches wide, the door frame is 36 inches
wide.
(Points : 3)
B, C and F
D, E and G
C, F and H
A, E and H
12. Select those issues that only relate to selecting a specific
statistical test. (Do not select items common to all tests or not
applying to statistical tests.) (Points : 3)
The distribution (shape) of the population (e.g., normal,
skewed, flat, etc.)

The measurement scale/nature of the data being evaluated
(nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio)
The size of the population (assuming it is much larger
than any samples)
The level of significance (_) you wish to place on the test
results
Whether you have matched/related or
unmatched/unrelated samples
The degrees of freedom (sample size) associated with
your sample(s)
The statement of the null and research hypotheses
Whether the sample was stratified or not
13.
Which of the following apply to Populations?
A) parameter
B) “Roman” letters, i.e.: x, s
C) A bounded, defined complete group (people, objects, etc.)
having something in common to be described in its totality
D) “Greek” letters, i.e.: μ, σ
E) One or more subsets of a larger defined group, used to
represent the larger group
F) 170 Republicans selected randomly from King County voter
records
G) All Democrats in the state of Washington (totality)
(Points : 3)
A, B, E
B, C, D
C, D, G
E, F, G
14.

As an Argosy student, you are designing a training program to
help develop team cohesiveness in a healthcare facility. You
have a before and after test which measures behaviors
indicating team cohesiveness. For this scenario, which of the
following represents the Null hypothesis?
A) H1: There is a significant difference in the teaming behavior
before and after the training.
B) H0: There is no significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the
training.
C) H1: There is no significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the
training.
D) H0: There is a significant difference in the teaming behavior
before and after the training
(Points : 3)
H1: There is a significant difference in the teaming behavior
before and after the training.
H0: There is no significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the training.
H1: There is no significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the training.
H0: There is a significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the training
15. The sole purpose of business research is to increase profit
margins? (Points : 1)
True
False
16. When conducting business research the investigator must
make his/her opinions known about possible results? (Points : 1)
True
False

17. When one is conducting business research the most
important factor is developing a reasonable researchable
question? (Points : 1)
True
False
18. Business research should always begin with an alternate
hypothesis? (Points : 1)
True
False
19. The null hypothesis states that a difference, effect or
relationship exists in a research situation? (Points : 1)
True
False
20. The confidence level expresses the degree of certainty that
an interval will include the actual value of the population
parameter? (Points : 1)
True
False
21. Calculation: The mean price of 5 items is $7.00. The prices
of the first four items are $6.50, $8.00, $5.50 and $6.00. How
much does the fifth item cost? (Points : 4)
22. Calculation: The range of a set of numbers is 1,362. The
greatest number is 2,172. What is the least number? (Points : 4)

23. Calculation: The mean of a set of 7 numbers is 13. What is
the sum of the numbers? (Points : 4)
24. Calculation: Find the mode of the following test scores:
89, 78, 91, 82, 75, 89, 84, 95, 89, 93 (Points : 4)
25. Calculation: The mean of a set of data is 174.25 and the sum
of the data is 1,394. How many numbers are in the set? (Points :
4)
26. Calculation: The grade point averages of 10 students are
listed below. Find the median grade point average.
3.15, 3.62, 2.54, 2.81, 3.97, 1.85, 1.93, 2.63, 2.50, 2.80
(Points : 4)
27. Calculation: Given the following raw scores, calculate the
following values: Range, Variance and Standard Deviation,
show your calculations:
Scores: 9, 7, 8, 4, 8, 8,7, 8, 9, 6, 3 (Points : 5)
28. A large mass of data can best be summarized pictorially by
means of: (Points : 3)
the range
a histogram
the frequency table
mean and standard deviation
29. For a symmetric distribution, the mean and median are

(Points : 3)
the same
always different
possibly the same, possibly different
insufficient information.
30. A distribution of 6 scores has a median of 21. If the highest
score increases 3 points, the median will become (Points : 3)
21
21.5
24
Cannot be determined without additional information
none of these
31. If you are told a population has a mean of 25 and a variance
of 0, what must you conclude? (Points : 3)
Someone has made a mistake.
There is only one element in the population.
There are no elements in the population.
All the elements in the population are 25.
None of the above.
32. Which of the following measures of central tendency tends
to be most influenced by an extreme score? (Points : 3)
median
mode
mean
33. Which of the following is not a measure of central
tendency? (Points : 3)
mean
median

mode
standard deviation
none of these
34. A graphical presentation may accomplish ALL BUT which
of the following objectives? (Points : 3)
Illustrate the amount of variation in the data.
Illustrate approximately where the mean is
Allow comparison with similar data
Will have the exact same shape regardless of what units
are used on the axes.
35. A coach in a large high school thinks that ballet training
will improve the batting performance of his baseball team. He
decides to have a randomly selected half of the team take six
weeks of ballet training before the baseball season begins, while
the other half does not take such training. He will then compare
the season batting averages of group A (those with ballet
training) and group B (those without ballet training) by
comparing the mean of group A with the mean of group B.
An independent variable is: (Points : 3)
ballet training
batting average
runs batted in
the size of the school
the grades the players make in the ballet school
36. Word Problems: Prepare the frequency distribution table and
the frequency histogram for this data set.
The following data represent scores of 50 students in an applied

business statistics test.
72 72 93 70 59 78 74 65 73 80
57 67 72 57 83 76 74 56 68 67
74 76 79 72 61 72 73 76 67 49
71 53 67 65 100 83 69 61 72 68
65 51 75 68 75 66 77 61 64 74
(Points : 4)
37. Word Problems: Compute the sample mean, sample median
X(M), sample range, and sample variance.
72 72 93 70 59 78 74 65 73 80
57 67 72 57 83 76 74 56 68 67
74 76 79 72 61 72 73 76 67 49
71 53 67 65 100 83 69 61 72 68
65 51 75 68 75 66 77 61 64 74
(Points : 4)
38. Word Problem: Does the data set represent a sample or a
population? If it is a sample, describe the population from
which it has been drawn.
72 72 93 70 59 78 74 65 73 80
57 67 72 57 83 76 74 56 68 67

74 76 79 72 61 72 73 76 67 49
71 53 67 65 100 83 69 61 72 68
65 51 75 68 75 66 77 61 64 74
(Points : 4)
39. Word Problems: The number of widgets produced by 9
employees in an eight hour shift is recorded as: 135, 120,
116, 119, 121, 125, 135, 131, 123
Find the mean number of widgets produced. (Points : 3)
116, 119, 121, 125, 135, 131, 123
What is the range of widgets produced given in the problem
presented above? (Points : 3)
116, 119, 121, 125, 135, 131, 123
What is the mode of the number of widgets produced presented
above? (Points : 3)
116, 119, 121, 125, 135, 131, 123
What is the median of the number of widgets produced
presented above? (Points : 3)

43. Critical Thinking: Two workers on the same job show the
following results over a long period of time.
Worker A
Worker B
Mean time of completing the job (minutes)
30
25
Standard deviation (minutes)
6
4
Which worker appears to be more consistent in the time he
requires to complete the job? Explain.
(Points : 5)
44. Critical Thinking: Two workers on the same job show the
following results over a long period of time.
Worker A
Worker B
Mean time of completing the job (minutes)
30
25
Standard deviation (minutes)
6
4
Which worker appears to be faster in completing the job?
Explain.
(Points : 5)
45. Critical Thinking: Explain the differences between
longitudinal and cross sectional business research
studies.(Points : 10)

46. Critical Thinking: Suppose the manager of a plant is
concerned with the total number of man-hours lost due to
accidents for the past 12 months. The company statistician has
reported the mean number of man-hours lost per month but did
not keep a record of the total sum. Should the manager order
the study repeated to obtain the desired information? Explain
your answer clearly. (Points : 10)
47. Critical Thinking: Explain why histograms and frequency
polygons are used in business statistics. (Points : 10)
48. Critical Thinking: Which two types of probability sampling
are best suited for business research and statistical data
analysis, and why? (Points : 10)
49. Critical Thinking: What is the difference between a null
hypothesis and an alternate hypothesis? (Points : 10)
50. Critical Thinking: Explain what is meant by the critical
value of a statistical value. (Points : 10)
51. Critical Thinking: What is the difference between a t test for
independent means and a correlated t test? (Points : 10)
52. Critical Thinking: Explain the .05 confidence level. (Points
: 10)

53. Critical Thinking: How is a research question similar to a
research hypothesis? (Points : 10)
54. Critical Thinking: Describe each of the following statistical
terms, and where applicable, define with the appropriate
equation: Range, Variance, Standard Deviation (Points : 10)
55. Critical Thinking: Give a brief definition and an example of
the following:
a. Descriptive Statistics
b. Inferential Statistics (Points : 10)
56. Critical Thinking: What does the correlation coefficient r
describe? What about r squared? (Points : 10)
57. Critical Thinking: Describe some of the issues or concerns
(at least three) which would be addressed in deciding how to
perform a statistical test of a hypothesis: (Points : 15)
58. Critical Thinking: Discuss the implications of: magnitude
(from 0 to 1); sign ( + or -); and probability versus causality for
the Correlation Coefficient (also known as the Pearson Product-
Moment Correlation Coefficient). (Points : 15)
59. Critical Thinking: Describe how you would develop a
random sample from among Argosy students (Points : 15)

1
Math 1115
Excel computer Project #2
Working with Polynomial and Rational Functions
Goals: The first goal of this project is to introduce students to
modeling data using polynomial
regression. Students will use Excel to fit a polynomial model to
data, and use the model to
answer questions about the real world situation. Students will
discuss how well and to what extent
the model describes the situation. The second goal of this
project is to give students hands-on
experience using a spreadsheet. Students will plot data and fit a
trend curve to the data.
Be sure to include your name and identify each problem.
Selecting the cells containing the data, using Chart Wizard to
get the scatter plot of the data,
selecting Add Trendline, and picking Polynomial with the order
(degree) of the polynomial gives
the equation of the polynomial function that is the best fit for
the data, along with the scatter plot
and the graph of the best-fitting curve.
Problem 1: Cell Phones. The following table gives the number
of millions of U.S cellular
telephone subscribers.

a. Create a spreadsheet in worksheet with the below data and
appropriate column headings.
Title the Worksheet “Cell Phone Subscribers from 1985 to
2002”.
b. Create a scatter plot for the data with x equal to the number
of years from 1985 and y equal
to the number subscribers in millions. The table should be
titled “U.S. Cell Phone
Subscribers”. The axis labels should be “Subscribers (in
millions)” and “Year from 1985”.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON A SEPARATE
SHEET OF PAPER:
1. Does it appear that the data could be modeled with a
quadratic function?
2. What is the quadratic function that is the best fit for these
data? Include this function line and

equation on the scatter plot.
3. Use the model to estimate the number of subscribers in 2005.
4. What part of the U.S. population does this estimate equal?
Note: You will need to look up
the population for 2005.
Year Subscribers
(millions)
Year Subscribers
(millions)
Year Subscribers
(millions)
1985 0.340 1991 7.557 1997 55.312
1986 0.682 1992 11.033 1998 69.209
1987 1.231 1993 16.009 1999 86.047
1988 2.069 1994 24.134 2000 109.478
1989 3.509 1995 33.786 2001 128.375
1990 5.283 1996 44.043 2002 140.767
2
Problem 2: Homicide Rates. The table below gives the U.S.
homicide rates per 100,000
people for the years from 1990 through 2001.
a. Create a spreadsheet in worksheet #2 with the below data and

Title the “Worksheet Homicide Rates from 1990 to 2001”.
b. Make a scatter plot of the data, with x equal to the number of
years from 1990. The table
should be titled “U.S. Homicide Rates”. The axis labels should
be “U.S. Homicide Rates (per
100,000)” and “Year from 1990”.
SHEET OF PAPER:
1. Does it appear that a cubic or quartic function would be the
better fit for the data?
2. What is the cubic function that is the best fit for the data?
Include this function line and
3. What is the quartic function that is the best fit for the data?
Include this function line and

4. Is the cubic or the quartic function better? .
c. The data for 2001 includes the 9/11 terrorism deaths. Would
you expect the 2002 rate to be
higher or lower than the 2001 rate?
Year Homicide Rate Year Homicide Rate
1990 10.0 1996 7.9
1991 10.5 1997 7.4
1992 10.0 1998 6.8
1993 10.1 1999 6.2
1994 9.6 2000 6.1
1995 8.7 2001 7.1
3
Problem 3: Cost Plus. The sales per share S (in dollars) for
Cost Plus, Inc. for the years
1996 to 2005 are shown in the table below.
Title the Worksheet “Cost Plus Sales from 1996 to 2005”.

b. Make three graphs of the data, with t representing the year
and t = 6 corresponding to the
year 1996. The table should be titled “Cost Plus Sales from
1996 to 2005”. The axis labels
should be “Sales per Share (in dollars)” and “Year from 1990”.
c. Find trend curves for the graph for the above scatter plots.
The trend curves should be a
linear model, a quadratic model, and a cubic model of the data
on separate graphs with the
scatter plot.
SHEET OF PAPER:
1. Which do you think fits the data the best: a linear, quadratic
or cubic model?
2. Use each model (linear, quadratic or cubic) to predict the
year in which the sales per share

will be about $50.
3. Discuss the appropriateness of each modeling for predicting
future values.
4. Try to find out the current selling price of Cost Plus, Inc. and
compare to the models.
Year Sales per share, S
1996 11.79
1997 13.33
1998 15.81
1999 19.60
2000 23.50
2001 26.38
2002 32.12
2003 36.73
2004 41.52
2005 43.99
4
Problem 4: Defense. The table shows the national defense
outlays D (in billions of
dollars) from 1997 to 2005. The data can be modeled by
2
2

1 493 39 06 273 5
7 15
0 0051 0 1398 1
,
− +
= ≤ ≤
− +
. . .
. .
t t
D t
t t
where t is the year, with t = 7 corresponding to 1997.
Title the Worksheet “National Defense Outlays from 1997 to
2005”.
b. Make a scatter plot of the data, with t = 7 corresponding to
the year 1997. The table should
be titled “National Defense Outlays from 1997 to 2005”. The
axis labels should be “Defense

Outlays (in billions of dollars)” and “Year from 1997”. Find
the best fit function and include on
the graph.
SHEET OF PAPER:
1. Predict the national defense outlays for the years 2010, 2015,
and 2020.
2. Use your calculator to predict the defense outlays using the
given model. How do they
compare with your prediction from the data using the best fit
function? Are the predictions
reasonable?
3. Determine a horizontal asymptote of the graph of the model.
What does it represent in the
context of the situation?
Year Defense Outlays Year Defense Outlays
1997 270.5 2002 348.6
1998 268.5 2003 404.9
1999 274.9 2004 455.9
2000 294.5 2005 465.9
2001 305.5

5
Problem 5: Your Data. Find a data set that you are interested
in to do a scatter plot.
a. Create a spreadsheet in Worksheet #5 with the data you have
chosen. Title the spreadsheet
appropriately.
b. Create a scatter plot of the data. Make sure you have
appropriate titles for the heading and
the axes.
c. Determine the type of function the data resembles and create
a trend curve for the data.
Include the trend curve and equation on the graph.
SHEET OF PAPER:
1. Make a prediction of the future based on your data and trend
curve.
2. What is the source of your data (website, book, etc.)?

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