10 14 09 Notes
- 1. Notes 10/14/09 Biology and Human Concerns Energy Transduction Organelles -Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the main energy transformers of the cell. -Mitochondria carry out this process of cellular respiration (Diagram page 63) Mitochondria carried on egg cell and is passed down maternally. Mitochondria => Breaks down glucose into ATP. Chloroplasts carry out the processes of photosynthesis. Peroxisomes consume oxygen in various metabolic functions The Cytoskeleton -Providing structural support to the cells, the cytoskeleton also functions in cell mobility and regulation. -Microtubules -Microfilaments -Intermediate filaments -Centrosomes and Centrioles -Cilia and Flagella Cilia and Flagella -Locomotory organelles -Cilia and flagella created by basil bodies, created by centrioles. -Microtubular structures that aide in moving cells. Many cilia (short and plentiful), few flagella or a single flagellum (long and few) Centrosome structure Cell Surfaces and Junctions -The extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells functions in support, adhesion, movement and regulation. Connects cells to other cells. -Intercellular junctions help integrate cells into higher levels of structure.
- 2. Tight Junctions – bind cells together. Barrier between intestinal space and space between cells Communicating Junctions – allow passage of molecules. Anchoring junctions – specialized proteins (keratin), anchors.