14.2 lecture 2019
- 1. 14.2 Lecture 2019 What is blood?
- 2. Section 2: Blood and Lymph What are the components of blood? What determines the type of blood that a person can receive in a transfusion? What are the structures and functions of the lymphatic system? • 7.5.a Students know plants and animals have levels of organization for structure and function (cells, tissues, etc.). • 7.5.b Students know organ systems function because of the contributions of individual organs, tissues and cells. The failure of any part can affect the entire system.
- 3. Blood • Blood is made up of four components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- 4. Plasma • Plasma = the liquid part of blood • Mostly water with dissolved materials • Carries: – Nutrients (glucose, fats, vitamins, and minerals) – Chemical messengers – Waste products (most of the CO2) – Proteins (give it its yellow color) • About 45% of blood is cells and 55% is plasma
- 5. Red Blood Cells • Red blood cells = cells in the blood that take up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to cells elsewhere in the body • Produced in bone marrow • Thin and can bend and twist easily • Hemoglobin = An iron-containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules. • No nuclei, only live about 120 days • Every second about 2 million RBCs die, produced at the same rate
- 6. WHAT IS HEMOGLOBIN? Reading Checkpoint
- 7. White Blood Cells • Produced in bone marrow • White blood cells = blood cells that fight disease • Fewer than RBCs • Larger than RBCs • Have nuclei – can live for months - years
- 8. Platelets • Platelets = cell fragments that play an important part in forming blood clots. • Blood clots stop blood flow • Platelets collect and stick to the blood vessel at the site of the wound
- 9. Blood Volume • 5 liters – adult – Loss of large amounts of blood can lead to shock • Shock = the failure of the circulatory system to provide adequate oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body • Other causes: heart failure, infection, and emotional trauma
- 10. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PLATELETS? Reading Checkpoint
- 11. Blood Types • Blood transfusion – the transfer of blood from one person to another • Blood will clump if incompatible blood types
- 12. Marker Molecules • The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely receive in transfusions. • Type A blood has A marker protein • See http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-types
- 13. Safe Transfusions • What type of marker molecule is on type B blood? • Why are clumping proteins in type B blood anti-A? • What would happen if a person with type B blood received type A blood? • Why can a person with type B blood receive type O in a transfusion?
- 14. Rh Factor • Protein on RBCs – 85% of people have it,15% do not
- 15. WHERE IS THE RH MARKER FOUND? Reading Checkpoint
- 16. The Lymphatic System • The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection- fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.
- 17. Lymph • Lymph = the fluid that the lymphatic system collects and returns to the bloodstream • Consists of water and other dissolved materials (i.e. glucose) • Has no pump so it moves slowly • Empties back into the cardiovascular system where it becomes part of the plasma
- 18. Lymph Nodes • Lymph nodes = small knobs of tissue in the lymphatic system that filters lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease • When the body is fighting a disease, the lymph nodes enlarge
- 19. WHAT IS LYMPH? Reading Checkpoint
Editor's Notes
- #4: Describe the shape of a red blood cell. a disk with a pinched-in center
- #5: Plasma proteins - three groups: regulate the amount of water in the blood, helps fight disease, interacts with platelets to form blood clots
- #6: When hemoglobin binds with oxygen it becomes bright red Hemoglobin also carries some of the carbon dioxide but most is carried by the plasma
- #7: An iron-containing protein in blood cells that binds chemically to oxygen
- #9: Also release the chemicals that control the reaction Produces a protein called fibrin – waves a net of tiny fibers across the cut in the blood vessels Scab is a dried blood clot
- #12: SciLinks
- #13: What types of blood can be given safely to a person with blood type AB? A, B, AB, and O
- #14: B marker Clumping proteins recognize markers that are foreign or different. Because type B blood contains B markers, it recognizes A markers as foreign and is therefore anti-A. The type A cells would clump together; the person would get sick and could die. Type O has no markers.
- #15: The circle graph shows the percentage of each blood type found in the U.S. population.
- #16: on RBCs
- #17: Like rain gutters after a rainstorm carrying excess fluid away.
- #20: the fluid inside the lymphatic system that consists of water, while blood cells, and dissolved materials such as glucose