The document discusses design thinking and introduces four project management aids (PMAs) used in design thinking: the design brief, design criteria, napkin pitch, and learning guide. The design brief is the first PMA and is used to clarify the scope of a project, its intent, and the key questions to explore. It should be 2-3 pages and include a project description, objectives, constraints and success metrics. Visualization is an important design thinking tool that uses images to unlock nonverbal thinking and reduce differing mental models. It is integral to design thinking stages and focuses on bringing ideas to life simply through visuals.